Space Weather-The International Journal of Research and Applications

Article	Citations
Influence of Tectonic and Geological Structure on GIC in Southern South Island, New Zealand	76
Forecasting Ionospheric foF2 Using Bidirectional LSTM and Attention Mechanism	70
Issue Information	66
Ground GNSS Station Selection to Generate the Global Ionosphere Maps Using the Information Content	65
Ensemble Modeling of Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration by Chorus Waves: Dependence on Key Input Parameters	62
SRF2—A Short‐Term (1–24)h foF2 Prediction Method	56
Linkage of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly With the Day‐To‐Day Occurrence of Postsunset Irregularities and Scintillation in Low‐Latitude Region Around 110°E	55
Credit Where Credit Is Due: Data and Software in the Space Weather Community	49
Storm‐Time Characteristics of Ionospheric Model (MSAP) Based on Multi‐Algorithm Fusion	42
Issue Information	38
Evaluating Auroral Forecasts Against Satellite Observations	37
Low Altitude Tailing Es (LATTE): Analysis of Sporadic‐E Layer Height at Different Latitudes of Middle and Low Region	34
Substorm Induced Nighttime Plasma Flow Pulsations Observed by ROCSAT‐1 at Topside Ionosphere	32
Toward GIC Forecasting: Statistical Downscaling of the Geomagnetic Field to Improve Geoelectric Field Forecasts	32
First Observations of a Geomagnetic Superstorm With a Sub‐L1 Monitor	30
PreMevE‐MEO: Predicting Ultra‐Relativistic Electrons Using Observations From GPS Satellites	30
Predicting Geomagnetic Activity Cycles	30
A Space Weather Approach for Quasi‐Real‐Time Assessment of Satellite Orbital Decay During Geomagnetic Storms Based on Two‐Line Element Sets	30
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Prediction of Energetic Electrons in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region With a Double‐Layer LSTM Neural Network Model	29
Observations of Geomagnetic Crochet at High‐Latitudes Due To X1.5 Class Solar Flare on 3 July 2021	29
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Picturing Global Substorm Dynamics in the Magnetotail Using Low‐Altitude ELFIN Measurements and Data Mining‐Based Magnetic Field Reconstructions	29
Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections	28
A Framework to Estimate Local Atmospheric Densities With Reduced Drag‐Coefficient Biases	28

Issue Information	28
Daytime F Region Echoes at Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crest During Geomagnetic Quiet Period: Observations From Multi‐Instruments	26
SWOL2023: Report of Space Weather Observations Throughout Latinoamerica: Filling the Southern Gaps	26
OSPREI: A Coupled Approach to Modeling CME‐Driven Space Weather With Automatically Generated, User‐Friendly Outputs	26
The Response of Ionospheric Currents to External Drivers Investigated Using a Neural Network‐Based Model	25
Development of a Regional F‐Region Critical Frequency Model for Southern Africa	25
A Substorm‐Dependent Negative Limit of Non‐Eclipse Surface Charging of a Chinese Geosynchronous Satellite	25
A Real‐Time Prediction System of the Intensity of Solar Energetic Proton Events Based on a Solution of the Diffusion Equation	25
Multi‐Site Transfer Function Approach for Real‐Time Modeling of the Ground Electric Field Induced by Laterally‐Nonuniform Ionospheric Source	24
Very High Energy Solar Energetic Particle Events and Ground Level Enhancement Events: Forecasting and Alerts	23
Modeling the Impact of Geomagnetically Induced Currents on Electrified Railway Signaling Systems in the United Kingdom	23
Magnetic Signatures of Ionospheric Disturbance Dynamo for CME and HSSWs Generated Storms	23
Nowcasting Solar EUV Irradiance With Photospheric Magnetic Fields and the Mg II Index	23
Statistical Characterization of GITM Thermospheric Horizontal Winds in Comparison to GOCE Estimations	22
Improved and Interpretable Solar Flare Predictions With Spatial and Topological Features of the Polarity Inversion Line Masked Magnetograms	22
A 3D Empirical Model of Electron Density Based on CSES Radio Occultation Measurements	21
Attention‐Based Machine Vision Models and Techniques for Solar Wind Speed Forecasting Using Solar EUV Images	21
Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand	20
Space Weather Effects on Transportation Systems: A Review of Current Understanding and Future Outlook	20
The Need for a Sub‐L1 Space Weather Research Mission: Current Knowledge Gaps on Coronal Mass Ejections	20
GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm	19
Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24	19
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Solar Tide‐like Signatures in the Ionospheric Total Electron Content During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event	18
Nighttime Geomagnetic Response to Jumps of Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure: A Possible Cause of Québec Blackout in March 1989	17
Ionospheric Turbulence: A Challenge for GPS Loss of Lock Understanding	17
Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25	17
Equatorial Plasma Bubble Detection Using Vertical TEC From Altimetry Satellite	17
Ionospheric Nowcasting Over Italy Through Data Assimilation: A Synergy Between IRI UP and IONORING	17
Unveiling the Space Weather During the Starlink Satellites Destruction Event on 4 February 2022	17
Assessing the Effects of a Minor CIR‐HSS Geomagnetic Storm on the Brazilian Low‐Latitude Ionosphere: Ground and Space‐Based Observations	17
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A New Model for Nowcasting the Aviation Radiation Environment With Comparisons to In Situ Measurements During GLEs	17
Assessment of Current Capabilities in Modeling the Ionospheric Climatology for Space Weather Applications: foF2 and hmF2‐II	16
Forecasting of the Geomagnetic Activity for the Next 3 Days Utilizing Neural Networks Based on Parameters Related to Large‐Scale Structures of the Solar Corona	16
Static and Dynamic Model Calibration for Upper Thermosphere Determination	16
72‐Hour Time Series Forecasting of Hourly Relativistic Electron Fluxes at Geostationary Orbit by Deep Learning	16
Prediction Interval of Interface Regions: Machine Learning Nowcasting Approach	16
Meeting Report: International Magnetosphere Coupling IV (IMC‐IV) Workshop GFZ‐Potsdam, Germany, 2–7 June 2024	16
The Error of Global Ionospheric Map‐TEC During Equatorial Plasma Bubble Event in the High Solar Activity Year	16
3D Modeling of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Sweden—Validation and Extreme Event Analysis	15
Time‐Lagged Effects of Ionospheric Response to Severe Geomagnetic Storms on GNSS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning	15
Decent Estimate of CME Arrival Time From a Data‐Assimilated Ensemble in the Alfvén Wave Solar Atmosphere Model (DECADE‐AWSoM)	15
Potential of Regional Ionosphere Prediction Using a Long Short‐Term Memory Deep‐Learning Algorithm Specialized for Geomagnetic Storm Period	15
Forecasting the Remaining Duration of an Ongoing Solar Flare	15
Data Assimilation of Ion Drift Measurements for Estimation of Ionospheric Plasma Drivers	15
Bayesian Inference and Global Sensitivity Analysis for Ambient Solar Wind Prediction	15
Machine‐Learning Research in the Space Weather Journal: Prospects, Scope, and Limitations	15
Drag‐Based CME Modeling With Heliospheric Images Incorporating Frontal Deformation: ELEvoHI 2.0	15

Response of the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere System to an X‐Class Solar Flare: 30 March 2022 Case Study	15
Even‐Order Harmonic Distortion Observations During Multiple Geomagnetic Disturbances: Investigation From New Zealand	14
New Detailed Modeling of GICs in the Spanish Power Transmission Grid	14
Investigation on Horizontal and Vertical Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Propagation in Global‐Scale Using GNSS and Multi‐LEO Satellites	14
Development of the Ionospheric E‐Region Prompt Radio Occultation Based Electron Density (E‐PROBED) Model	14
Turning Noise Into Data: Characterization of the Van Allen Radiation Belt Using SDO Spikes Data	14
Global Sensitivity Analysis of Nitric Oxide‐Related Chemical Reaction Rates in the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model	14
Assessment of Space Weather Impacts on New Zealand Power Transformers Using Dissolved Gas Analysis	14
Magnetopause Standoff Position Changes and Geosynchronous Orbit Crossings: Models and Observations	14
Case Studies on the Day‐to‐Day Variability in the Occurrence of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Spread F	13
An Empirical Relationship Between Coronal Density and Solar Wind Velocity in the Middle Corona With Applications to Space Weather	13
High‐Latitude Electrodynamics Specified in SAMI3 Using AMPERE Field‐Aligned Currents	13
Measurements of Cosmic Rays by a Mini‐Neutron Monitor at Neumayer III From 2014 to 2017	13
What to Do When the F10.7 Goes Out?	12
Issue Information	12
Prediction of the SYM‐H Index Using a Bayesian Deep Learning Method With Uncertainty Quantification	12
An Examination of SuperDARN Backscatter Modes Using Machine Learning Guided by Ray‐Tracing	12
Modeling Meteorological Effects on Cosmic Ray Muons Utilizing Multivariate Analysis	12
Estimation Model of Global Ionospheric Irregularities: An Artificial Intelligence Approach	12
Investigating the Effects of Ionospheric Scintillation on Multi‐Frequency BDS‐2/BDS‐3 Signals at Low Latitudes	12
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Modeling Ionospheric TEC Using Gradient Boosting Based and Stacking Machine Learning Techniques	12
Estimates of Spherical Satellite Drag Coefficients in the Upper Thermosphere During Different Geomagnetic Conditions	12
Prediction of Proton Pressure in the Outer Part of the Inner Magnetosphere Using Machine Learning	12
Long‐Term Support Is Needed for Crucial Ground‐Based Sensor Networks	12
The First Ground‐Level Enhancement of Solar Cycle 25 as Seen by the High‐Energy Particle Detector (HEPD‐01) on Board the CSES‐01 Satellite	12
Analysis of Large Geomagnetically Induced Currents During the 7–8 September 2017 Storm: Geoelectric Field Mapping	12
Calibration of Swarm Plasma Densities Overestimation Using Neural Networks	12
Different Response of the Ionospheric TEC and EEJ to Ultra‐Fast Kelvin Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere	11
Automatic Detection and Classification of Spread‐F From Ionosonde at Hainan With Image‐Based Deep Learning Method	11
Influences of Solar Wind Parameters on Energetic Electron Fluxes at Geosynchronous Orbit Revealed by the Deep SHAP Method	11
Sensitivity of Model Estimates of CME Propagation and Arrival Time to Inner Boundary Conditions	11
Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event‐II	11
Detection and Characterization of a Coronal Mass Ejection Using Interplanetary Scintillation Measurements From the Murchison Widefield Array	11
Issue Information	11
Solar Flare X‐Ray Impacts on Long Subionospheric VLF Paths	11
Using a Differential Magnetometer Technique to Measure Geomagnetically Induced Currents: An Augmented Approach	11
Machine‐Learned HASDM Thermospheric Mass Density Model With Uncertainty Quantification	11
Quantification of Representation Error in the Neutral Winds and Ion Drifts Using Data Assimilation	11
An Examination of Geomagnetic Induction in Submarine Cables	11
Partially Erupted Prominence Material as a Diagnostic of Coronal Mass Ejection Trajectory	11
Characterization of Radiation Exposure at Aviation Flight Altitudes Using the Nowcast of Aerospace Ionizing Radiation System (NAIRAS)	11
Climatological Statistics of Extreme Geomagnetic Fluctuations With Periods From 1 s to 60 min	11
Deep Learning for Global Ionospheric TEC Forecasting: Different Approaches and Validation	11
Physics‐Based Approach to Thermospheric Density Estimation Using CubeSat GPS Data	11
Implementing an Operational Cloud‐Based Now‐ and Forecasting System for Space Weather Ground Effects in the UK	11
New Space Companies Meet a “Normal” Solar Maximum	11
Storm‐Time Ring Current Plasma Pressure Prediction Based on the Multi‐Output Convolutional Neural Network Model	11
Dayside Magnetic Depression Following Interplanetary Shock Arrivals During the February 1958 and July 1959 Superstorms	11
Correcting Projection Effects in CMEs Using GCS‐Based Large Statistics of Multi‐Viewpoint Observations	11
Reduced Order Probabilistic Emulation for Physics‐Based Thermosphere Models	11
Interpretable Machine Learning for Thermospheric Mass Density Modeling Using GRACE/GRACE‐FO Satellite Data	11
A Comparison of Auroral Oval Proxies With the Boundaries of the Auroral Electrojets	11
Ionospheric Scintillation Activity Over Canada in 2019–2023 and Its Potential Influence on Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Navigation Services for Aviation	11
Thermospheric Temperature and Density Variability During 3–4 February 2022 Minor Geomagnetic Storm	11
Observations From NOAA's Newest Solar Proton Sensor	11
Implications of Using Spheroidal “Cone Model” CMEs in Solar‐Wind Models	11
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Measurements and Modeling of the Responses of VLF Transmitter Signals to X‐Class Solar Flares at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica	11
Topside Ionosphere During the Mother's Day Superstorm as Observed by Multiple LEO Spacecraft, Including SNIPE	10
Impact of Ionospheric Scintillations on GNSS Availability and Precise Positioning	10
Estimation of the Solar Wind Extreme Events	10
New Findings From Explainable SYM‐H Forecasting Using Gradient Boosting Machines	10
The Mother's Day Geomagnetic Storm on 10 May 2024: Aurora Observations and Low Latitude Space Weather Effects in Mexico	10
Extreme Event Statistics in Dst, SYM‐H, and SMR Geomagnetic Indices	10
Quantitative Assessment of GOES 8–15 > ${ >} $0.6 and > ${ >} $4 MeV Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes	10
Resolving Moving Heliospheric Structures Using Interplanetary Scintillation Observations With the Murchison Widefield Array	10
Forecasting the Probability of Large Rates of Change of the Geomagnetic Field in the UK: Timescales, Horizons, and Thresholds	10
Response of the Ionospheric TEC to SSW and Associated Geomagnetic Storm Over the American Low Latitudinal Sector	10
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Radio Absorption in the Nightside Ionosphere of Mars During Solar Energetic Particle Events	10
Examining the Economic Costs of the 2003 Halloween Storm Effects on the North Hemisphere Aviation Using Flight Data in 2019	10
An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt	10
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Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of the SET HASDM Database	10
The Frequency‐Domain Characterization of Cosmic Ray Intensity Variations Before Forbush Decreases Associated With Geomagnetic Storms	10
New Index to Characterize Ionospheric Irregularity Distribution	10
Comparative Analysis of Higher‐Order Ionospheric Delay on PPP Long‐Term Coordinate Time Series and Residual Modeling Using Horizontal Gradients and RINEX Data	10
Issue Information	9
Quantifying Uncertainties in the Quiet‐Time Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Using WAM‐IPE	9

Enhanced Radiation Levels at Aviation Altitudes and Their Relationship to Plasma Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere	9
TEC Map Completion Through a Deep Learning Model: SNP‐GAN	9
Interpretable Machine Learning to Forecast SEP Events for Solar Cycle 23	9
On the Geoelectric Field Response to the SSC of the May 2024 Super Storm Over Europe	9
Issue Information	9
2024 Decadal Survey for Space and Solar Physics: Space Weather Inputs	9
Space Weather Into the 2030s: The 2024 Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey	9
The Impact of Lower Atmosphere Forecast Uncertainties on WACCM‐X Prediction of Ionosphere‐Thermosphere System During Geomagnetic Storms	9
Multi‐Hour‐Ahead Dst Index Prediction Using Multi‐Fidelity Boosted Neural Networks	9
CMEs and SEPs During November–December 2020: A Challenge for Real‐Time Space Weather Forecasting	9
Dynamical Complexity Transitions During High‐Intensity Long Duration Continuous Auroral Activities (HILDCAA) Events: Feature Analysis Based on Neural Network Entropy	9
Global Observations of the Short‐Term Disturbances in the Geomagnetic Field and Induced Currents During the Supersubstorms Events of Solar Cycle 24	9
Mapping a Magnetic Superstorm: March 1989 Geoelectric Hazards and Impacts on United States Power Systems	9
Evolution of Post‐Sunset EPBs: Relationships to the EIA Induced by Pre‐Reversal Enhancement Electric Fields	9
Numerical Modeling and GNSS Observations of Ionospheric Depletions Due To a Small‐Lift Launch Vehicle	9
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Geomagnetically Induced Currents at Middle Latitudes: 1. Quiet‐Time Variability	8
SIR‐HUXt—A Particle Filter Data Assimilation Scheme for CME Time‐Elongation Profiles	8
Predicting Equatorial Spread F at JICAMARCA Sector Via Supervised Machine Learning	8
Comparative Analysis of TPA‐LSTM and Transformer Models for Forecasting GEO Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes	8
Modeling TEC Irregularities in the Arctic Ionosphere Using Empirical Orthogonal Function Method	8
MEMPSEP‐I. Forecasting the Probability of Solar Energetic Particle Event Occurrence Using a Multivariate Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks	8
Specifying High Altitude Electrons Using Low‐Altitude LEO Systems: Updates to the SHELLS Model	8
Spatial and Temporal Confinement of the Ionospheric Responses During the St. Patrick's Day Storm of March 2015	8
Solar Wind and Magnetospheric Conditions for Satellite Anomalies Attributed to Shallow Internal Charging	8
Development and Validation of Precipitation Enhanced Densities for the Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model	8
Statistical Relations Between Ionospheric Conductance and Precipitating Electrons Derived From Direct Conjugate Observations	8
Super‐Intense Geomagnetic Storm on 10–11 May 2024: Possible Mechanisms and Impacts	8
Influence of Solar Wind High‐Speed Streams on the Brazilian Low‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Descending Phase of Solar Cycle 24	8
Improving Precise Orbit Determination of LEO Satellites Using Enhanced Solar Radiation Pressure Modeling	8
Issue Information	8
A Transfer Learning Method to Generate Synthetic Synoptic Magnetograms	8
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Responses of the African and American Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) to 2014 Arctic SSW Events	8
Over 20‐Year Global Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Earth's Magnetosphere	8
CME Evolution in the Structured Heliosphere and Effects at Earth and Mars During Solar Minimum	8
Ionospheric Scintillation and Geomagnetic Disturbance Caused by Space Hurricanes	8
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ED‐Autoformer: A New Model for Precise Global TEC Forecast	8
Observations of Unusual Postsunrise Interhemispheric Geomagnetic Conjugate Super Plasma Depletions at Midlatitudes During the Recovery Phase of the November 2003 Superstorm	8
The Short‐Time Prediction of Thermospheric Mass Density Based on Ensemble‐Transfer Learning	8
On the Growth and Evolution of Nocturnal Ionospheric Irregularities Using HF Radar Observations Along With Digisonde and GNSS Data Over Trivandrum, India	8
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The Growth of Ring Current/SYM‐H Under Northward IMF Bz Conditions Present During the 21–22 January 2005 Geomagnetic Storm	8
Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers	8
Specifying Satellite Drag Through Coupled Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Data Assimilation of Radio Occultation Electron Density Profiles	8
The Effect of Midnight Temperature Maximum Winds on Post‐Midnight Equatorial Spread F	8
Forward‐Looking Study of Solar Maximum Impact in 2025: Effects of Satellite Navigation Failure on Aviation Network Operation in the Greater Bay Area, China	7
3‐D Ionospheric Imaging Over the South American Region With a New TEC‐Based Ionospheric Data Assimilation System (TIDAS‐SA)	7
A Prediction Model of Relativistic Electrons at Geostationary Orbit Using the EMD‐LSTM Network and Geomagnetic Indices	7
Geomagnetic Disturbances Due To Neutral‐Wind‐Driven Ionospheric Currents	7
MEMPSEP‐II. Forecasting the Properties of Solar Energetic Particle Events Using a Multivariate Ensemble Approach	7
Studying the Inner Heliosphere Using Radio Signals Transmitted From Spacecraft Orbiting Mars	7
China's Ground‐Based Space Environment Monitoring Network—Chinese Meridian Project (CMP)	7
Issue Information	7
Prediction of Radiation Belts Electron Fluxes at a Low Earth Orbit Using Neural Networks With PROBA‐V/EPT Data	7
Solar Wind—Magnetosphere Coupling Functions: Pitfalls, Limitations, and Applications	7
Predicting Equatorial Ionospheric Convective Instability Using Machine Learning	7
A Parametric Study of Performance of Two Solar Wind Velocity Forecasting Models During 2006–2011	7
PyIRTAM: A New Module of PyIRI for IRTAM Coefficients	7
Beacon2Science: Enhancing STEREO/HI Beacon Data With Machine Learning for Efficient CME Tracking	7
Topside Electron Density Modeling Using Neural Network and Empirical Model Predictions	7
Investigating Effects of Solar Proton Events and Forbush Decreases on Ground‐Level Potential Gradient Recorded at Middle and Low Latitudes and Different Altitudes	7
Ionospheric Disturbances Generated by the 2015 Calbuco Eruption: Comparison of GITM‐R Simulations and GNSS Observations	7
On the Use of SuperDARN Ground Backscatter Measurements for Ionospheric Propagation Model Validation	7
Observations and Modeling Investigations of Ionospheric Response to 23–24 April 2023, G4‐Class Geomagnetic Storm Over Indian Sector	7
Statistical Features of Polar Cap North and South Indices in Response to Interplanetary and Terrestrial Conditions: A Revisit	7
A Method to Mitigate the Effects of Strong Geomagnetic Storm on GNSS Precise Point Positioning	7
Impacts of Auroral Precipitation on HF Propagation: A Hypothetical Over‐the‐Horizon Radar Case Study	7
Understanding Strong Neutral Vertical Winds and Ionospheric Responses to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm Using TIEGCM Driven by Data‐Assimilated Aurora and Electric Fields	7
Ionospheric Response to the M‐ and X‐Class Solar Flares of 28 October 2021 Over the African Sector	7
Interhemispheric Asymmetry in the High‐Latitude Neutral Density Variations During the 13–14 March 2022 Storm	7
PyIRI: Whole‐Globe Approach to the International Reference Ionosphere Modeling Implemented in Python	7
The Impact of Space Radiation on Brains of Future Martian and Lunar Explorers	7
The Relationship Between Upward Propagating Atmospheric Gravity Waves and Ionospheric Irregularities During Solar Minimum Periods	7
Radiation Belt Model Including Semi‐Annual Variation and Solar Driving (Sentinel)	7
Statistical Study on the Effect of Meridional Neutral Wind on the Occurrence of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities	7
Issue Information	7
Characteristics of Nighttime Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances: Longitudinal Comparison of Their Seasonal and Local Time Variations	7
MHD‐Test Particles Simulations of Moderate CME and CIR‐Driven Geomagnetic Storms at Solar Minimum	7
TIE‐GCM ROPE ‐ Dimensionality Reduction: Part I	7
Probabilistic Solar Proxy Forecasting With Neural Network Ensembles	7