Applied Optics

Article	Citations
Spatially resolved reflectance from turbid media having a rough surface. Part II: experiments	83
Estimation precision for a normalized response matrix in linear polarization calibration	66
Potential of edge machine learning for instrumentation	61
Chemometrics applied quantitative analysis of iron oxide mixtures by terahertz spectroscopy	55
Real-time high-precision FMCW laser range extraction method based on a hardware multiplier array	55
Binarization for low-quality ESPI fringe patterns based on preprocessing and clustering	53
Free-form off-axis three-mirror optical antenna design with an integrated primary/tertiary-mirror structure	51
Mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser far off the gain peak: tunable sub-200-fs pulses near 1  µm	43
Thermally responsive polymer-dispersed liquid crystal diffusers fabricated using laser speckle pattern irradiation	41
Using a broadband long-wavelength channel to increase the capture range of segment piston phase retrieval for segmented-aperture systems	38
Adaptive dynamic adjustment star identification threshold estimation for a terrestrial star tracker	34
Confocal microscopy multi-focus image fusion method based on axial information guidance	33
Control of light-induced torque in quantum well waveguides through electron spin coherence	33
Design and implementation of a physical layer optical fiber security communication system based on a ZUC stream cipher	31
Multi-channel synthetic aperture infrared imaging and experimental research	31
Effective interference mitigation scheme for multi-LED-based mobile optical camera communication	30
Optical design and development of an underwater dual-channel microlens array integral field snapshot hyperspectral imager	30
Compact and broadband design of an 850 nm 2 × 2 3-dB directional coupler with a shallowly etched SWG gap	29
Mask correction method for surface plasmon lithography	29
Mirror-backed dielectric metasurface sensor with ultrahigh figure of merit based on a super-narrow Rayleigh anomaly	29
Phase retrieval from single-shot square wave fringe based on image denoising using deep learning	27
Cutting sinusoidal gratings to enhance light trapping in thin-film silicon solar cells	27
Design parameters for Airy beams in light-sheet microscopy	26
Combined multi-scale mesh and full-matrix inversion for enhancing time-domain breast diffuse optical tomography	26
Design of an efficient illuminator for partially coherent sources in the extreme ultraviolet	25

Performance analysis of an SMF-/MMF-based single/double/quadruple tapered optical fiber structure	25
Reed microstructure detection by optical coherence tomography, an efficient and non-invasive method	25
Engineering a conformal optical window of a square-to-circular transition isolator	25
High-performance reconstruction method combining total variation with a video denoiser for compressed ultrafast imaging	25
Single-shot enhanced imaging through multimode fiber based on self-learning networks	24
Optical design of multilayer antireflection coatings for indoor solar cell applications	24
Self-supervised stereo depth estimation based on bi-directional pixel-movement learning	23
Ultra-narrow linewidth transmission filters based on the cladding mode assisted Fabry–Perot effect in a planar waveguide	23
Optimization technology for DCF dispersion compensation based on cascaded fiber Bragg grating	23
Influences of focusing conditions on optical poling in lithium niobate using a 1035  nm femtosecond fiber laser	23
Dual-wavelength off-axis digital holography in ImageJ: toward real-time phase retrieval using CUDA streams	23
Adaptive thermal refocusing system for a high-resolution space camera	23
Design and analysis of an ultra-wide-angle laser communication optical system	23
Randomly aperiodically poled LiNbO3 crystal design by Monte Carlo–Metropolis with simulated annealing optimization for ultrabroadband photon pair generation	23
Extreme learning machine and genetic algorithm in quantitative analysis of sulfur hexafluoride by infrared spectroscopy: erratum	23
Mathematical model of potential distribution in a pinned photodiode of an indirect time of flight CMOS image sensor	23
Diamond microscraping for the fabrication of a trimmed radial Fresnel array on a roller mold	23
Optical experimental results using Singer product apertures	22
Profile evolution during photochemical nano-polishing of a rough quartz surface under direct illumination	22
Ray-tracing model of a perfect lens compliant with Fermat’s principle: the Cardinal Lens	22
Efficient progressive algorithm for light scattering of a multilayered concentric nanoparticle	22
Triple coding empowered FDMA-CDMA mode high-security CAOS camera	22
Lock-in range in a semiconductor ring laser gyroscope	22
SBS mitigation by sinusoidal phase modulation of a 1572  nm all-fiber amplifier for lidar CO2 sensing	21
Comparing optical four-flux model results with experimental data obtained by integrating sphere measurements	21
Rapid focusing of light through turbid water based on a digital micromirror device	21
Flexible PTFE hollow dielectric waveguides for terahertz applications: analysis and experimental study	21
Main lobe shifting and splitting of 2D symmetric Airy beams via digital phase modulation	21
Polarimetric analysis of whitefly larvae on pomegranate leaves via Mueller matrix imaging	21
Automatic measurement system for large-aperture-angle non-holonomic spherical stitching with laser differential confocal interference	21
Sensitivity improvement of the closed-loop resonant fiber-optic gyroscope interrogated with a broadband source	20
Design of a zoom head-up display optical system based on a nodal aberration theory	20
Speckle classification of a multimode fiber based on Inception V3	20
Dynamic light scattering from single macroscopic particles	20
Optical characterization of a manual tunable lens for eye-care applications	20
On-orbit demonstration of inter-satellite free-space optical stable communication enabled by integrated optical amplification of HPA and LNA	20
Study and synthesis of inhomogeneous optical modes by solving the wave and telegraph equations	20
Ultrahigh Q SOI ring resonator with a Hermite or B-spline curved waveguide	20
Bessel beams with an adjustable focal position	20
Quasi-BIC empowered asymmetric grating for high-Q angularly tolerant THz filters with switchable transmission-reflection dualities	20
Vanadium dioxide metasurface with dual functionalities of an optical switch and a sensor	20
Dual-beam polarimeter based on nonachromatic wave plates with high polarimetric efficiency over a broad band	20
Adaptive optical wireless communication systems with camera-based underwater turbulence and fog channel estimation	19
High sensitivity detection of different pH ranges with rGO-nanocomposite coated eFBG sensor	19
Phase retrieval algorithm applied to high-energy ultrafast lasers	19
Compact high-power MIR laser through pulse fiber laser pumped PPMgLN-based OPO	19
Effect of preheating conditions on UV laser direct coloring of stainless steel surfaces	19
Prescriptive method for fiber polarization compensation in two bases	19
Formation mechanism of blemishes in a fiber-optic imaging element	19
Machine recognition of gas spectra based on a spectral image encoding method	19

Advanced terahertz-range dopamine detection using a 2D material-based metasurface biosensor	19
Reflective microring-resonator-based microwave photonic sensor incorporating a self-attention assisted convolutional neural network	19
Deep-learning-based model for the inverse design of a reconfigurable multi-tap optical filter	19
Underwater optical guiding and communication solution for the AUV and seafloor node	18
Secrecy performance of mixed single-input multiple-output-FSO/single-input multiple-output-RF networks with energy harvesting	18
Optimal vector phase-matching conditions in biaxial crystalline materials determined by the extreme surfaces method: the case of orthorhombic crystals	18
Mach–Zehnder modulator condition for a low chirp factor versus DC bias	18
Nickel oxide morphology synthesized with a hydrothermal method for inverted perovskite solar cells	18
Calibration reinforcement regularizations for optimized snapshot spectral imaging	18
Pitfalls in the spectral measurements of polarization-altering metasurfaces	18
Sensitivity analysis and comparison of broadband source-driven resonant fiber-optic gyroscopes	18
Continuously variable Fourier filters fabricated using varying angle glancing angle deposition for chip-scale spectroscopy	18
Integrated barium titanate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltage	18
Calibration for endoscopic 3D shape measurement with cone beam projection	18
Accurate stereo vision system calibration with chromatic concentric fringe patterns	18
End-to-end computational ghost imaging method that suppresses atmospheric turbulence	18
High-efficiency simulation of coherent beam combining using a scaled angular spectrum method	18
Complex Kernel-based spectrum reconstruction algorithm for cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometric spectrometer	18
Accurate ray-tracing optical model for coded aperture spectral snapshot imagers	18
Analysis and optimization of MEMS-based Michelson interferometers featuring curved mirrors under partially coherent light conditions	18
Atmospheric optical turbulence mitigation using iterative image registration and least squares lucky look fusion	18
Applied Optics Research at imec: introduction to the feature issue	17
Eliminating the influence of modulation depth by a laser interference double detection system	17
Short wavelength operation of a 10 m perimeter ring laser gyroscope	17
Effect of the purity of the host material 2FPPICz on the performance of crystalline organic light-emitting diodes	17
Integrating inverse design and partially etched platform: an ultra-compact polarization splitter and rotator as an example	17
Optical pilot tone correction of phase errors in photodetection chains	17
Experimental generation of adjustable partially coherent optical vortices from coherent and incoherent light sources	17
Energy-scaling of a diode-pumped Alexandrite laser and prototype development for a compact general-purpose Doppler lidar	17
Accurate measurement of the frequency offset of the laser based on electromagnetically induced transparency	17
Brewster-coupling-based thin film filter design for wide-angle high-efficiency phosphor emission	17
Integrative design and processing of a conformal optical window pair in a cylindrical isolator	17
Precise measurements of the low optical absorption coefficients of massive lithium triborate crystal boules with untreated facets formed during the growth process	17
Pointing jitter correction in hollow-core fiber nonlinear systems based on LSTM	17
Optical electrocardiogram monitor with a real-time analysis of an abnormal heart rhythm for home-based medical alerts	17
Measurement of the thickness and refractive index of a thin film by analyzing reflected interference fringes	16
Feasibility analysis of an SMS-/MSM-/SMSMS-based optical fiber sensor structure	16
Athermal panoramic annular lens design with a thermal analysis method	16
One-shot reflectance direction field imaging for measuring the surface slope distribution of a capillary wave	16
Compact dual-parameter sensor design based on a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity with chirped slotted annular holes	16
Fast algorithm based on the Hilbert transform for high-speed absolute distance measurement using a frequency scanning interferometry method	16
Pulsed laser milling process of CVD single crystal diamond	16
Reconfigurable hybrid silicon waveguide Bragg filter using ultralow-loss phase-change material	16
Optimal polishing trajectory generation for complex optical surfaces modeled by meshes	16
Monolithic 24  cm2 flexible triple-junction solar cell encapsulated module based on the ipsilateral electrode welding technology: erratum	16
High-fidelity source mask optimization for suppressing line-end shortening	16
Simultaneous wavelength beam combination and dark region compressing using a segmented coated step prism group for a fiber-coupled system	16
Rapid quantitative analysis of calcium in infant formula powder assisted by long short-term memory with variable importance using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy	16
High-performance phase measuring profilometry architecture based on Zynq SoC	16
Digital holographic approaches to the detection and characterization of microplastics in water environments	16
Sensor network based on multiplexed intermodal fiber interferometers for quasi-distributed measurements	16
Implementation of stacked ensemble machine learning for the detection of surrogate plutonium contamination in soil via LIBS	16
Improving the beam quality of single-grating spectrally combined fiber lasers with adaptive optics	16
Adaptive phase control of a phase-only spatial light modulator using the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor	16
Theoretical model and optimization of diffractive optical elements with aspheric substrates in ophthalmology	16
High anti-interference dual-parameter sensor using EIT-like effect photonic crystal cavity coupled system	15
Security-enhanced optical image authentication based on cascaded geometric-phase metasurfaces	15
Numerical simulation of a large area scintillometer and laser differential image motion monitor	15
Self-healing and self-matching effects in astigmatic structured beams as a basis for measuring orbital Stokes parameters	15
THz-TDS with gigahertz Yb-based dual-comb lasers: noise analysis and mitigation strategies	15
Design and optimization of the grating coupler in the 2  µm band	15
Vibration rejection of phased array telescope systems via disturbance-propagation-characteristics-based feedforward control	15
Fabry–Perot interference optical fiber biosensor based on the ECF for label-free DNA detection	15
Frequency resolution improvement by sub-bins and an inverse matrix in discrete Fourier transform	15
Real-timing processing of fiber bundle endomicroscopy images in Python using PyFibreBundle	15
Laser-induced damage thresholds in SiO2-coated aluminum mirrors under various ultrashort pulse widths	15
Automatic lens-splitting optimization algorithm for spherical aberration correction	15
Dual-step method to manufacture a polymeric GRIN lens with a high refractive index range	15
Graphene suspensions in carbon tetrachloride: an excellent nonlinear optical limiting material with a high damage threshold at 1064  nm	15
Optical information hiding for different surface images	15
In situ areal mass measurement of laser shock-loaded aluminum using point-projection x-ray backlighting	15
Source optimization method employing dynamic polarization aberration model for high-NA EUVL	15
Ring core few-mode fiber sensor for curvature measurement	15
Grain size characterization of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy based on laser ultrasonic random forest regression	15
Accurate and efficient internal deformation measurement of multiphase/porous materials via segmentation-aided digital volume correlation	15
Improved phase hologram generation of multiple 3D objects	15
Enlargement of the viewing zone and size of a reconstructed image in electro-holography using multiple reconstruction lights by eye-tracking	15
Equal-intensity beam splitter fabricated by tandem dielectric beam splitters for passive laser speckle reduction	15
Binocular laser scanning imaging-based disordered object recognition method	15
Frequency multiplexing in millimeter-wave over fiber fronthaul transmission links with an InAs/InP quantum dash mode-locked laser	15

High-efficiency metalens-based compact multispectral variable spectrometer	15
Set of all possible stigmatic pairs of mirrors	15
EUV telescope for a Cubesat nanosatellite	15
Quasi-TPPs/Fano resonance systems based on an MDM waveguide structure and its sensing application	15
Dynamic measurement of three-dimensional absolute displacements using dual-camera multiplexed digital holography	14
Integrated Fabry–Perot filter with wideband noise suppression for satellite-based daytime quantum key distribution	14
Effects of illumination non-uniformity on the double-Ronchi lateral shearing interference field	14
Control of surface edge roughness for an aluminum alloy mirror based on sub-aperture polishing	14
Effect of oils on the transmission properties of a terahertz photonic crystal	14
Structured illumination and image enhancement of three-dimensional and moving objects at a distance via incoherent Fourier ptychography	14
Binocular camera calibration using a BP algorithm optimized by an improved subtraction-average-based optimizer	14
Femtosecond LIPSS on indium-tin-oxide thin films at IR wavelengths	14
Nighttime bionic compass based on a short-wave infrared polarization sensing system	14
Time-difference-of-arrival positioning based on visible light communication for harbor-border inspection	14
Ps-ViT: phase space vision transformer pre-training for the depth estimation in computer-generated holograms	14
Numerical and analytical analysis of an ultrahigh sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a black phosphorene/graphene heterostructure	14
Gbit/s secure key generation and distribution based on the phase noise of an amplified spontaneous emission source	14
Mode analysis and measurement of single-emitter blue diode lasers	14
High-precision surface profilometry on a micron-groove based on dual-comb electronically controlled optical sampling	14
Application of the Powell algorithm for estimating optical properties of a semitransparent medium based on time-domain information	14
Low-cross-talk and thermo-insensitive CWDM (de)multiplexer assisted with compact MZIs and slot waveguides	14
Super-resolution terahertz synthetic aperture image reconstruction algorithm	14
Double chiral resonances in a quasi-BIC metasurface with both strong circular dichroism and high quality factor	14
Surface profile measurement of metal objects by use of a fringe projection system with polarized dual projectors	14
Stimulated vibrational–rotational Raman scattering of hydrogen pumped at a 1064-nm laser	14
Continuous optical generation of microwave signals for fountain clocks	14
Analysis of centroiding algorithms for non-diffracting structured and hollow structured laser beams	14
Degree of cross-polarization of elliptical Gaussian partially coherent beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere	14
Multimode heralded single photons based on the DLCZ	14
Research on the Optically Addressed Liquid Crystal Light Valve Utilizing GaN as both Photoconductive and Conductive Layers	14
Automatic depth map retrieval from digital holograms using a depth-from-focus approach	14
Multiline molecular tagging velocimetry of nitric oxide at 100  kHz using an injection-seeded burst-mode OPO	14
Tri-comb generation with a dual-ring structure	14
Nondestructive nitrogen content estimation in tomato plant leaves by Vis-NIR hyperspectral imaging and regression data models	14
Optical pulling force on a uniaxial anisotropic sphere by a high-order Bessel (vortex) beam	14
Design of a single lens wavefront coded infrared camera	14
Untangling parasitic reflection in phase measuring deflectometry by multi-frequency phase-shifting	14
Performance of dual-hop FSO/RF systems with fixed-gain relaying over Fisher–Snedecor F and κ-μ shadowed fading channels	13
Practical technique for balancing the optical aberrations among conceptual thin-lens components of optical zoom lenses	13
Ultra-compact on-chip meta-waveguide phase modulator based on split ring magnetic resonance	13
Turning point monitoring of narrow bandpass filters: the enormous strength of the error self-compensation effect	13
Dynamic ONU grouping algorithm based on combination partition for centralized flexible PON	13
Optimal design for a broadband Stokes polarimeter of liquid crystal variable retarders	13
Numerical analysis of optical confinement in silica and tellurite multicore fibers for near-infrared image transportation	13
Tunable and enhanced optical activity in twisted graphene metasurface bilayers	13
Detection method of micro and macro scale defects in silicon carbide castings	13
Partial Mueller matrix polarimeter using liquid crystal modulators	13
High-performance perovskite photodetectors based on CsPbBr3 microwire arrays: erratum	13
Low-noise soliton molecule generation with an in-phase controllable pulse number by third- and second-order dispersion compensation in an all-fiber erbium-doped oscillator: publisher’s note	13
45 W kHz-linewidth single-frequency fiber laser at 1120 nm	13
Defect detection system for silicon solar panels under all-day irradiation	13
Implementation of a high-resolution micro-grating accelerometer using a subdivision interpolation technique	13
Non-resonant broadband RCS reduction based on the patch distribution of a phase gradient metasurface	13
Antireflective properties of Al2O3/SiO2 multilayer stacks for GaAs solar cells	13
In-flight measurement of atmospheric-imposed tilt: experimental results and analysis	13
Hyperspectral camera as a compact payload architecture for remote sensing applications	13
Directional control of the off-normal scattering from a single nanodisk by superposed linearly and radially polarized beams	13
Parallel unambiguous generalized phase-shifting and T-spline fitting algorithms for optical micro-structured surface 3D topography metrology	13
Parametric multiphysics study of focus-variable silicone lenses	13
Camera pose estimation algorithm involving weighted measurement uncertainty of feature points based on rotation parameters	13
Fourier-domain filtering analysis for color-polarization camera demosaicking: publisher’s note	13
DL-CSPF: deep-learning-based cell segmentation with a physical framework for digital holographic microscopy	13
Application of optical switching technology in a lunar laser ranging system based on a superconducting detector	13
InSPECtor: an end-to-end design framework for compressive pixelated hyperspectral instruments	13
High-efficiency broadband fiber-to-chip coupler using a 3D nanoprinting microfiber	13
Tunable terahertz absorber based on quasi-BIC supported by a graphene metasurface	13
Freeform mirror array design for concentrating sunlight onto a CPV solar cell	13
Extended Risley scanning system with 30 × 360 coverage	13
Silicon photonics 2  ×  2 trench coupler design and foundry fabrication	13
SPP excitation and coupling mechanism based on micro/nano fibers	13
Laser radius measurement method based on the amplitude jump of a thermal wave	13
Examining the change of half-period voltage in longitudinal electro-optic modulation and residual stress of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal	13
Laser-pulse-induced temperature, thermal stress, and crater morphology effect during multipulse nanosecond laser manufacturing	13
Speckleless color dynamic three-dimensional holographic display based on complex amplitude modulation: erratum	13
Design of a terahertz encoding metalens with adjustable focusing intensity	13
Random depolarization film design for real-color displays	12
Efficient ultraviolet beam generation at 294.5  nm by frequency-quadrupling a LD-pumped actively Q-switched Nd:YAG/SrWO4 Raman laser	12
Wavefront accuracy of mechanically assembled all-cordierite reflective optical system for cryogenic applications	12
Spot diagram borders are always caustic curves and/or marginal rays III: segmented mirror in hexagons and trapezoids	12
Loading test on the oil tank ground settlement performance monitored by an optical parallel scheme	12
Compact 200  W level linearly polarized microsecond-pulse Nd:YAG oscillator with nearly diffraction-limited beam quality	12
Refractive index sensor based on a ring with a disk-shaped cavity for temperature detection applications	12
Laser-induced schliere anemometry in a Mach 6 flow with collinear light entry	12
Measuring the linear optical absorption coefficient by interferometry and the thermal lensing effect: a numerical analysis	12
Numerical study of feature-distribution effects for anti-reflection structured surfaces on binary gratings	12
Design and analysis of a far-infrared metamaterial perfect absorber with sensing applications	12
Curved OLED-based NLOS optical camera communications links	12
Theoretical study of a four-level EIT-type system in the presence of structured coupling light for microwave field detection	12
Broadband free space 2 × 4 90° optical hybrid for satellite laser communication	12
Applications of digital speckle pattern shearing interferometry in characterization of fluids	12
Surface solution to correct a freeform wavefront	12
Laser air plasma expansion by microwaves	12
Quantitative detection for textured surface cracks based on cluster integration	12
Propagation through and characterization of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena: introduction to the joint feature issue in Applied Optics and Journal of the Optical Society of America A	12
Design of an all-optical insulator-metal-insulator and metal-insulator-metal Feynman logic gates	12