Hydrology and Earth System Sciences

Article	Citations
Evaluation of the ERA5 reanalysis as a potential reference dataset for hydrological modelling over North America	289
Evaluation of 18 satellite- and model-based soil moisture products using in situ measurements from 826 sensors	150
The International Soil Moisture Network: serving Earth system science for over a decade	118
Groundwater level forecasting with artificial neural networks: a comparison of long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and non-linear autoregressive networks with exoge	114
Nonstationary weather and water extremes: a review of methods for their detection, attribution, and management	112
Rainfall–runoff prediction at multiple timescales with a single Long Short-Term Memory network	110
Urban surface water flood modelling – a comprehensive review of current models and future challenges	92
Concentration–discharge relationships vary among hydrological events, reflecting differences in event characteristics	90
A standardized index for assessing sub-monthly compound dry and hot conditions with application in China	87
Revisiting the global hydrological cycle: is it intensifying?	87
Deep learning methods for flood mapping: a review of existing applications and future research directions	75
Benchmarking data-driven rainfall–runoff models in Great Britain: a comparison of long short-term memory (LSTM)-based models with four lumped conceptual models	71
Progressive water deficits during multiyear droughts in basins with long hydrological memory in Chile	68
Uncertainty of simulated groundwater recharge at different global warming levels: a global-scale multi-model ensemble study	66
The 2018 northern European hydrological drought and its drivers in a historical perspective	64
Deep learning rainfall–runoff predictions of extreme events	61
Rapid reduction in ecosystem productivity caused by flash droughts based on decade-long FLUXNET observations	61
Machine-learning methods for stream water temperature prediction	58
Hydrologically informed machine learning for rainfall–runoff modelling: towards distributed modelling	58
A history of TOPMODEL	54
Flood forecasting with machine learning models in an operational framework	53
Technical Note: Improved partial wavelet coherency for understanding scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships in geosciences	53
Suitability of 17 gridded rainfall and temperature datasets for large-scale hydrological modelling in West Africa	51
Comparative analysis of kernel-based versus ANN and deep learning methods in monthly reference evapotranspiration estimation	50
Quantifying the impacts of compound extremes on agriculture	48

Comparing Palmer Drought Severity Index drought assessments using the traditional offline approach with direct climate model outputs	48
A review of the complementary principle of evaporation: from the original linear relationship to generalized nonlinear functions	48
Sentinel-3 radar altimetry for river monitoring – a catchment-scale evaluation of satellite water surface elevation from Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B	47
Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years	47
Flash drought onset over the contiguous United States: sensitivity of inventories and trends to quantitative definitions	46
Future streamflow regime changes in the United States: assessment using functional classification	46
Rainfall estimation from a German-wide commercial microwave link network: optimized processing and validation for 1 year of data	46
Two-stage variational mode decomposition and support vector regression for streamflow forecasting	45
In situ measurements of soil and plant water isotopes: a review of approaches, practical considerations and a vision for the future	45
Global cotton production under climate change – Implications for yield and water consumption	45
The accuracy of weather radar in heavy rain: a comparative study for Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland and Sweden	45
Why does a conceptual hydrological model fail to correctly predict discharge changes in response to climate change?	43
Do small and large floods have the same drivers of change? A regional attribution analysis in Europe	42
A history of the concept of time of concentration	42
Uncertainty estimation with deep learning for rainfall–runoff modeling	41
Comparison of statistical downscaling methods for climate change impact analysis on precipitation-driven drought	41
High-resolution fully coupled atmospheric–hydrological modeling: a cross-compartment regional water and energy cycle evaluation	41
Compound flood potential from storm surge and heavy precipitation in coastal China: dependence, drivers, and impacts	41
Quantifying the effects of land use and model scale on water partitioning and water ages using tracer-aided ecohydrological models	41
Towards hybrid modeling of the global hydrological cycle	40
A daily 25 km short-latency rainfall product for data-scarce regions based on the integration of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission rainfall and multiple-satellite soil moisture products	40
Climate elasticity of evapotranspiration shifts the water balance of Mediterranean climates during multi-year droughts	40
Using water stable isotopes to understand evaporation, moisture stress, and re-wetting in catchment forest and grassland soils of the summer drought of 2018	39
Evaluation of random forests for short-term daily streamflow forecasting in rainfall- and snowmelt-driven watersheds	39
Ensemble streamflow forecasting over a cascade reservoir catchment with integrated hydrometeorological modeling and machine learning	39
Changing global cropping patterns to minimize national blue water scarcity	37
Hydrological concept formation inside long short-term memory (LSTM) networks	36
Using a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to boost river streamflow forecasts over the western United States	36
A note on leveraging synergy in multiple meteorological data sets with deep learning for rainfall–runoff modeling	36
Optimal design of hydrometric station networks based on complex network analysis	35
Easy-to-use spatial random-forest-based downscaling-calibration method for producing precipitation data with high resolution and high accuracy	35
Tracking the global flows of atmospheric moisture and associated uncertainties	35
Uncertainty of gridded precipitation and temperature reference datasets in climate change impact studies	34
Evapotranspiration in the Amazon: spatial patterns, seasonality, and recent trends in observations, reanalysis, and climate models	34
Hydrological evaluation of open-access precipitation data using SWAT at multiple temporal and spatial scales	34
Systematic comparison of five machine-learning models in classification and interpolation of soil particle size fractions using different transformed data	34
Which rainfall score is more informative about the performance in river discharge simulation? A comprehensive assessment on 1318 basins over Europe	32
Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins: long short-term memory neural networks clearly outperform traditional hydrological models	32
A retrospective on hydrological catchment modelling based on half a century with the HBV model	32
Importance of snowmelt contribution to seasonal runoff and summer low flows in Czechia	31
Canopy temperature and heat stress are increased by compound high air temperature and water stress and reduced by irrigation – a modeling analysis	31
Deep learning for automated river-level monitoring through river-camera images: an approach based on water segmentation and transfer learning	30
Assimilation of vegetation optical depth retrievals from passive microwave radiometry	30
How well are we able to close the water budget at the global scale?	30
Multistep-ahead daily inflow forecasting using the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set based on gradient-boosting regression trees	30
Understanding the mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the frozen soil with three levels of model complexities	29
Sequential data assimilation for real-time probabilistic flood inundation mapping	29
Quantifying the effects of urban green space on water partitioning and ages using an isotope-based ecohydrological model	29
The Great Lakes Runoff Intercomparison Project Phase 4: the Great Lakes (GRIP-GL)	29
Variability in epilimnion depth estimations in lakes	29

Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in the Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices	28
Last-decade progress in understanding and modeling the land surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau	28
Evaporation, infiltration and storage of soil water in different vegetation zones in the Qilian Mountains: a stable isotope perspective	28
Trends and variability in snowmelt in China under climate change	28
A systematic assessment of uncertainties in large-scale soil loss estimation from different representations of USLE input factors – a case study for Kenya and Uganda	28
Simulations of future changes in thermal structure of Lake Erken: proof of concept for ISIMIP2b lake sector local simulation strategy	28
Uncertainties and their interaction in flood hazard assessment with climate change	28
Development of a revised method for indicators of hydrologic alteration for analyzing the cumulative impacts of cascading reservoirs on flow regime	28
Socio-hydrologic modeling of the dynamics of cooperation in the transboundary Lancang–Mekong River	27
Sensitivity of snow models to the accuracy of meteorological forcings in mountain environments	27
Development and validation of a new MODIS snow-cover-extent product over China	27
Impact of the quality of hydrological forecasts on the management and revenue of hydroelectric reservoirs – a conceptual approach	27
Technical note: Precipitation-phase partitioning at landscape scales to regional scales	27
Global distribution of hydrologic controls on forest growth	27
Drought onset and propagation into soil moisture and grassland vegetation responses during the 2012–2019 major drought in Southern California	26
Analysis of high streamflow extremes in climate change studies: how do we calibrate hydrological models?	26
A 10 km North American precipitation and land-surface reanalysis based on the GEM atmospheric model	26
Estimation of hydrological drought recovery based on precipitation and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) water storage deficit	26
River runoff in Switzerland in a changing climate – runoff regime changes and their time of emergence	26
Identifying the optimal spatial distribution of tracers for optical sensing of stream surface flow	26
A novel causal structure-based framework for comparing a basin-wide water–energy–food–ecology nexus applied to the data-limited Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins	26
Triple oxygen isotope systematics of evaporation and mixing processes in a dynamic desert lake system	26
A two-stage blending approach for merging multiple satellite precipitation estimates and rain gauge observations: an experiment in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau	26
Evaluation of historic and operational satellite radar altimetry missions for constructing consistent long-term lake water level records	25
Global ecosystem-scale plant hydraulic traits retrieved using model–data fusion	25
The pulse of a montane ecosystem: coupling between daily cycles in solar flux, snowmelt, transpiration, groundwater, and streamflow at Sagehen Creek and Independence Creek, Sierra Nevada, USA	25
Global component analysis of errors in three satellite-only global precipitation estimates	25
Preprocessing approaches in machine-learning-based groundwater potential mapping: an application to the Koulikoro and Bamako regions, Mali	25
Benchmarking an operational hydrological model for providing seasonal forecasts in Sweden	25
Diagnosis of future changes in hydrology for a Canadian Rockies headwater basin	25
Statistical modelling and climate variability of compound surge and precipitation events in a managed water system: a case study in the Netherlands	24
Assessment of extreme flows and uncertainty under climate change: disentangling the uncertainty contribution of representative concentration pathways, global climate models and internal climate var	24
A universal Standardized Precipitation Index candidate distribution function for observations and simulations	24
From skill to value: isolating the influence of end user behavior on seasonal forecast assessment	24
Technical note: On uncertainties in plant water isotopic composition following extraction by cryogenic vacuum distillation	24
Basin-scale multi-objective simulation-optimization modeling for conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in northwest China	24
Worldwide lake level trends and responses to background climate variation	24
Comparison of generalized non-data-driven lake and reservoir routing models for global-scale hydrologic forecasting of reservoir outflow at diurnal time steps	24
Asymmetric impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts	24
Assessing the dependence structure between oceanographic, fluvial, and pluvial flooding drivers along the United States coastline	24
Evaluation of the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) transfer functions for adjusting the wind bias in solid precipitation measurements	24
Streamflow drought: implication of drought definitions and its application for drought forecasting	24
Contrasting seasonal changes in total and intense precipitation in the European Alps from 1903 to 2010	24
Improving soil moisture prediction of a high-resolution land surface model by parameterising pedotransfer functions through assimilation of SMAP satellite data	24
Machine-learning- and deep-learning-based streamflow prediction in a hilly catchment for future scenarios using CMIP6 GCM data	24
Assessing the degree of detail of temperature-based snow routines for runoff modelling in mountainous areas in central Europe	23
Insights into the isotopic mismatch between bulk soil water and <i>Salix matsudana</i> Koidz trunk water from root water stable isotope measurements	23
The value of ASCAT soil moisture and MODIS snow cover data for calibrating a conceptual hydrologic model	23
Land use and climate change effects on water yield from East African forested water towers	23
Isotopic offsets between bulk plant water and its sources are larger in cool and wet environments	23
Using multiple methods to investigate the effects of land-use changes on groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area	23
Simultaneously determining global sensitivities of model parameters and model structure	23
Behind the scenes of streamflow model performance	23
Exploring the possible role of satellite-based rainfall data in estimating inter- and intra-annual global rainfall erosivity	23
A comparison of catchment travel times and storage deduced from deuterium and tritium tracers using StorAge Selection functions	23
Estimating the probability of compound floods in estuarine regions	23
A hydrography upscaling method for scale-invariant parametrization of distributed hydrological models	23
Field-scale soil moisture bridges the spatial-scale gap between drought monitoring and agricultural yields	23
Irrigation, damming, and streamflow fluctuations of the Yellow River	22
The use of personal weather station observations to improve precipitation estimation and interpolation	22
Accelerated hydrological cycle over the Sanjiangyuan region induces more streamflow extremes at different global warming levels	22
Dynamic mechanism of an extremely severe saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang estuary in February 2014	22
Partitioning growing season water balance within a forested boreal catchment using sap flux, eddy covariance, and a process-based model	22
Comprehensive evaluation of satellite-based and reanalysis soil moisture products using in situ observations over China	22
Ecohydrological travel times derived from in situ stable water isotope measurements in trees during a semi-controlled pot experiment	22
A two-step merging strategy for incorporating multi-source precipitation products and gauge observations using machine learning classification and regression over China	22
Long-term relative decline in evapotranspiration with increasing runoff on fractional land surfaces	22
A hydrologist's guide to open science	22
Soil moisture: variable in space but redundant in time	21
A Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator (FaRAGE) for continuous in situ measurement of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> dissolved in water	21
Hydrological response to warm and dry weather: do glaciers compensate?	21
CABra: a novel large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments	21
Performance of automated methods for flash flood inundation mapping: a comparison of a digital terrain model (DTM) filling and two hydrodynamic methods	21
Assimilation of probabilistic flood maps from SAR data into a coupled hydrologic–hydraulic forecasting model: a proof of concept	21
Hydrologic regimes drive nitrate export behavior in human-impacted watersheds	21
Improved representation of agricultural land use and crop management for large-scale hydrological impact simulation in Africa using SWAT+	21
A Water-Energy-Food Nexus approach for conducting trade-off analysis: Morocco's phosphate industry in the Khouribga region	21
Hybrid forecasting: blending climate predictions with AI models	21
Assessing global water mass transfers from continents to oceans over the period 1948–2016	21
Characteristics of droughts in Argentina's core crop region	21

Untangling irrigation effects on maize water and heat stress alleviation using satellite data	21
Summary and synthesis of Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) research in the interior of western Canada – Part 2: Future change in cryosphere, vegetation, and hydrology	20
Evaporation enhancement drives the European water-budget deficit during multi-year droughts	20
Interaction of soil water and groundwater during the freezing–thawing cycle: field observations and numerical modeling	20
Sensitivity of meteorological-forcing resolution on hydrologic variables	20
The 63-year changes in annual streamflow volumes across Europe with a focus on the Mediterranean basin	20
Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, <i>Eupatorium capillifolium</i> (Lam. dogfennel)	20
Calibration of a lumped karst system model and application to the Qachqouch karst spring (Lebanon) under climate change conditions	20
Data-driven estimates of evapotranspiration and its controls in the Congo Basin	20
Data assimilation for continuous global assessment of severe conditions over terrestrial surfaces	20
Diverging hydrological drought traits over Europe with global warming	20
Satellite rainfall products outperform ground observations for landslide prediction in India	20
High-resolution satellite products improve hydrological modeling in northern Italy	20
Stochastic simulation of streamflow and spatial extremes: a continuous, wavelet-based approach	20
GRAINet: mapping grain size distributions in river beds from UAV images with convolutional neural networks	20
A combination of soil water extraction methods quantifies the isotopic mixing of waters held at separate tensions in soil	20
Importance of the informative content in the study area when regionalising rainfall-runoff model parameters: the role of nested catchments and gauging station density	20
Modeling and interpreting hydrological responses of sustainable urban drainage systems with explainable machine learning methods	20
Watershed zonation through hillslope clustering for tractably quantifying above- and below-ground watershed heterogeneity and functions	20
Water resources management and dynamic changes in water politics in the transboundary river basins of Central Asia	20
Advances in soil moisture retrieval from multispectral remote sensing using unoccupied aircraft systems and machine learning techniques	19
Microphysical features of typhoon and non-typhoon rainfall observed in Taiwan, an island in the northwestern Pacific	19
Reduction of vegetation-accessible water storage capacity after deforestation affects catchment travel time distributions and increases young water fractions in a headwater catchment	19
Improved understanding of regional groundwater drought development through time series modelling: the 2018–2019 drought in the Netherlands	19
Learning about precipitation lapse rates from snow course data improves water balance modeling	19
Bias in dynamically downscaled rainfall characteristics for hydroclimatic projections	19
Estimating propagation probability from meteorological to ecological droughts using a hybrid machine learning copula method	19
The value of citizen science for flood risk reduction: cost–benefit analysis of a citizen observatory in the Brenta-Bacchiglione catchment	19
Identifying uncertainties in hydrologic fluxes and seasonality from hydrologic model components for climate change impact assessments	19
Multi-objective calibration by combination of stochastic and gradient-like parameter generation rules – the caRamel algorithm	19
Signatures of human intervention – or not? Downstream intensification of hydrological drought along a large Central Asian river: the individual roles of climate variability and land use change	19
Low hydrological connectivity after summer drought inhibits DOC export in a forested headwater catchment	19
Projected changes in Rhine River flood seasonality under global warming	19
Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India	19
Modelling rainfall with a Bartlett–Lewis process: new developments	19
Mapping groundwater abstractions from irrigated agriculture: big data, inverse modeling, and a satellite–model fusion approach	18
Karst spring discharge modeling based on deep learning using spatially distributed input data	18
On the selection of precipitation products for the regionalisation of hydrological model parameters	18
Hydrological and runoff formation processes based on isotope tracing during ablation period in the source regions of Yangtze River	18
Impact of detention dams on the probability distribution of floods	18
Evaluating different machine learning methods to simulate runoff from extensive green roofs	18
Using soil water isotopes to infer the influence of contrasting urban green space on ecohydrological partitioning	18
New flood frequency estimates for the largest river in Norway based on the combination of short and long time series	18
Future changes in annual, seasonal and monthly runoff signatures in contrasting Alpine catchments in Austria	18
Widespread decline in terrestrial water storage and its link to teleconnections across Asia and eastern Europe	18
Estimation of subsurface soil moisture from surface soil moisture in cold mountainous areas	18
An uncertainty partition approach for inferring interactive hydrologic risks	18
A graph neural network (GNN) approach to basin-scale river network learning: the role of physics-based connectivity and data fusion	18
Learning from satellite observations: increased understanding of catchment processes through stepwise model improvement	18
A coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system with variable grid sizes for rainfall–runoff simulation in semi-humid and semi-arid watersheds: how does the coupling scale affects the results?	18
High-resolution drought simulations and comparison to soil moisture observations in Germany	17
Enhanced flood hazard assessment beyond decadal climate cycles based on centennial historical data (Duero basin, Spain)	17
Satellite observations reveal 13 years of reservoir filling strategies, operating rules, and hydrological alterations in the Upper Mekong River basin	17
Snow water equivalents exclusively from snow depths and their temporal changes: the Δsnow model	17
Rivers in the sky, flooding on the ground: the role of atmospheric rivers in inland flooding in central Europe	17
Technical note: Hydrology modelling R packages – a unified analysis of models and practicalities from a user perspective	17
Extreme floods in Europe: going beyond observations using reforecast ensemble pooling	17
Remotely sensed reservoir water storage dynamics (1984–2015) and the influence of climate variability and management at a global scale	17
Intensification characteristics of hydroclimatic extremes in the Asian monsoon region under 1.5 and 2.0 °C of global warming	17
Future water temperature of rivers in Switzerland under climate change investigated with physics-based models	17
A comparative study of plant water extraction methods for isotopic analyses: Scholander-type pressure chamber vs. cryogenic vacuum distillation	17
Accretion, retreat and transgression of coastal wetlands experiencing sea-level rise	17
Vegetation greening weakened the capacity of water supply to China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project	17
From hydraulic root architecture models to macroscopic representations of root hydraulics in soil water flow and land surface models	17
Comparing Bayesian and traditional end-member mixing approaches for hydrograph separation in a glacierized basin	17
Snowpack dynamics in the Lebanese mountains from quasi-dynamically downscaled ERA5 reanalysis updated by assimilating remotely sensed fractional snow-covered area	17
The value of water isotope data on improving process understanding in a glacierized catchment on the Tibetan Plateau	17
Machine learning deciphers CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration and subsurface flowpaths from stream chemistry	17
A novel regional irrigation water productivity model coupling irrigation- and drainage-driven soil hydrology and salinity dynamics and shallow groundwater movement in arid regions in China	16
Should altitudinal gradients of temperature and precipitation inputs be inferred from key parameters in snow-hydrological models?	16
Using altimetry observations combined with GRACE to select parameter sets of a hydrological model in a data-scarce region	16
Multi-constellation GNSS interferometric reflectometry with mass-market sensors as a solution for soil moisture monitoring	16
Hydrodynamic and environmental characteristics of a tributary bay influenced by backwater jacking and intrusions from a main reservoir	16
Assessment and projection of the water budget over western Canada using convection-permitting weather research and forecasting simulations	16
How catchment characteristics influence hydrological pathways and travel times in a boreal landscape	16
Comparison of root water uptake models in simulating CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O fluxes and growth of wheat	16
Regional, multi-decadal analysis on the Loire River basin reveals that stream temperature increases faster than air temperature	16
Modeling inorganic carbon dynamics in the Seine River continuum in France	16
Flexible vector-based spatial configurations in land models	16
The role and value of distributed precipitation data in hydrological models	16
Flood spatial coherence, triggers, and performance in hydrological simulations: large-sample evaluation of four streamflow-calibrated models	16
Modelling the artificial forest (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L.) root–soil water interactions in the Loess Plateau, China	16
Future upstream water consumption and its impact on downstream water availability in the transboundary Indus Basin	16
A time-varying parameter estimation approach using split-sample calibration based on dynamic programming	16
Combining resistivity and frequency domain electromagnetic methods to investigate submarine groundwater discharge in the littoral zone	16
Improving hydrologic models for predictions and process understanding using neural ODEs	16
From mythology to science: the development of scientific hydrological concepts in Greek antiquity and its relevance to modern hydrology	15
Using Long Short-Term Memory networks to connect water table depth anomalies to precipitation anomalies over Europe	15
Investigating unproductive water losses from irrigated agricultural crops in the humid tropics through analyses of stable isotopes of water	15
Evaluating a land surface model at a water-limited site: implications for land surface contributions to droughts and heatwaves	15
Long-term climate-influenced land cover change in discontinuous permafrost peatland complexes	15
Space–time variability in soil moisture droughts in the Himalayan region	15
Reservoir evaporation in a Mediterranean climate: comparing direct methods in Alqueva Reservoir, Portugal	15
Theoretical and empirical evidence against the Budyko catchment trajectory conjecture	15
New measures of deep soil water recharge during the vegetation restoration process in semi-arid regions of northern China	15