OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Steel Research International is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-05-01 to 2026-05-01.)

Article	Citations
Formation of Corrosion‐Resistant Nitride Coatings Based on Ti–Al–Cr–Fe–Ni High‐Entropy Alloy	78
Nitrogen‐Enhanced Temperature Dependence of Grain Refinement Strengthening in Austenitic Stainless Steel	53
Effect of Ladle Shroud Blockage on Flow Dynamics and Cleanliness of Steel in Coupled Ladle–Shroud–Tundish System	48
Numerical Modeling of Melt Flow and Mixing in an Inductively Stirred Ladle and Comparison with Gas and Mechanical Stirring	41
Phase Evolution Behavior during the Reduction Process of Medium‐Silica Fluxed Pellets	39
Effects of the Cooling Rate and Recovery Temperature on the Growth of AlN Precipitates in Gear Steel	34
Effect of Cerium on the Interaction between a Si–Mn‐Killed Steel and a MgO‐Based Refractory	34
Precision Forging Approach for Metal Iron Seat of Railway Track Based on Reversed Bending in Preforming Design	33
The 5th International High Manganese Steel Conference	31
Distribution of Large‐Size Inclusions in Transition Slabs for Automotive Exposed Panel Steel	31
Falling Angle of Fe‐C‐Based Alloy Droplet on Coke and Graphite	31
Microstructure Evolution and Cryogenic Impact Toughness Changes in Ce‐Containing Novel Cryogenic High‐Mn Austenitic Steel Weld Metals under Different Heat Inputs	30
Effect of Different Production Technologies on Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten–Molybdenum High‐Speed Steel	28
Numerical Investigation of the Inner Profiles in Ironmaking Blast Furnace: Effect of the Ratio of Belly Diameter to Effective Height	28
Effect of Permanent Magnet Stirring on Solidification of High‐Sulfur Micro‐Alloyed Steel under Different Magnetic Flux Densities	28
Analysis of Transition Zone on a Hot‐Stamped Part with Tailored Tool Tempering Approach by Numerical and Physical Simulation	28
Influence of Viscous Dissipation on Wear Behavior and Hardness Evolution of Tool Steels in Glass‐Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Processing	25
Evolution Behavior and Fracture Criterion of Carbides in D2 Cold‐Work Die Steel During Hot Working Process	25
Enhancing the Tensile Strength of Dual‐Phase Heterolamellar Steels without Loss of Plasticity by Controlling the Martensitic Strength	24
New Insights on the Corrosion Behavior of a Cr–W–V–Mo‐Rich Stainless Steel Containing Cr₇C₃–Cr₂₃C₆ Core–Shell Carbides: A Comparative Study	23
The Substructure of Quenched High‐Carbon Pearlite in Fe–C Alloys	22
Kinetic Predication for the Composition of 30CrNiMo8 Steel during Welded Billet Electrode Electroslag Remelting Process	22
Synergistic Optimization of Carbon Emissions and Economic Performance in Stainless Steelmaking Using CO ₂ as an Auxiliary Oxidant	22
Hot Deformation Behavior of DT4 Pure Iron in the Austenite Single‐Phase Region: Experiment and Finite Element Simulation	21
Recycling End‐of‐Life Solid Oxide Cell Interconnect Assemblies into Commercial‐Grade AISI 304 Stainless Steels	21

The Melting Mechanism of Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron in Liquid Slag	21
Austenite Formation during Laser Surface Hardening of Fully Pearlitic Steel	21
Gradient Structured Surface Enhancement and Performance Improvement of Laser Powder Bed Fusion 316L via Multi‐Pass Ultrasonic Surface Rolling	20
Temperature‐Dependent Deformation Behavior of 316 Stainless Steel with Heterogeneous Microstructure	19
A New Approach to Steel Slag Recycling for Synergetic Desulfurization and Denitrification from Sintering Gas via High‐Temperature Mineral Reconstruction Technology	18
A New Approach to Predict the Mechanical Properties of Hot‐Rolled Strip Based on Multi‐Dimensional Feature Weighted Similarity and Integrated Just‐In‐Time Learning	18
Numerical Study on Characteristic Positions and Transition of Flow Patterns in a Slab Continuous Casting Mold	18
Tellurium Treatment for the Modification of Sulfide Inclusions and Corresponding Industrial Applications in Special Steels: A Review	18
Effects of Cu Coating Addition on Mechanical Properties of Vacuum Brazed Joints	18
Evolution of Crystallographic Texture and Its Impact on Magnetic Losses of Non‐oriented Electrical Steel	17
Kinetic Analysis for Steel Desulfurization during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Process	17
Enhancing the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Fe‐36Ni Invar Alloy via Introducing Mg	17
Influence of Graphene‐Based Flux Interlayers on the Microstructure and Properties of Low‐Alloy Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer‐Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing	16
Effect of Pressure on the Linear Friction Welding of a Tool Steel and a Low‐Alloy Carbon Steel	16
Ti‐Nb Synergistic Precipitation: Enhancing Grain Refinement and Dislocation Strengthening in Advanced Ultralow‐Carbon Automotive Microalloyed Steels	16
Effect of Ca Addition on Inclusions, Microstructures, and Impact Toughness of Coarse‐Grained Heat‐Affected Zone After High‐Heat Input Welding in Mg‐Deoxidized Shipbuilding Steel Plates	16
Comparison of Intergranular Corrosion Resistance and Hardness between Nitrogen and Carbon Martensites in Stainless Steels	16
A Simplified Bubble Size Relation Compatible with the Energy Minimization Multiscale Drag Model for Studying Hydrodynamics in a 2D Gas–Solid Tapered Fluidized Bed	16
Numerical Analysis of the Damage Evolution of DP600 Steel Using Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman Model	16
A New Analysis Method for Flow Field and Inclusion Behavior in a Tundish With Channel‐Type Induction Heater	16
An Improved YOLOX Model for Detecting Strip Surface Defects	15
Analyses of the Deformability and Chemistry of Non‐Metallic Inclusions in QT Steels With Increased Recycling‐Induced Tramp Element Content	15
Effect of Coiling Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of a Ti–Nb Microalloyed High‐Speed Guardrail Steel	15
Crack Initiation Mechanism of AISI 4340 Steel for High‐Cycle Torsional Fatigue Loading	15
A Carbon‐Stabilized Austenitic Steel with Lower Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility	15
Effects of Cu Content on Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of High‐Strength Nonoriented Silicon Steel	15
Comparison Study of the Effect of MgO, MgO‐CaO, MgO‐Al₂O₃‐C, and MgO‐C Refractories on Cleanliness of a SiMn‐Killed Steel	15
Multiparameter Optimization and Dephosphorization Capacity Evaluation of Converter Slag Based on Response Surface Methodology, Industrial, and Laboratory Experiments	15
Numerical Simulation of Carbon Redistribution during Steel Composite Production	15
Reduction, Softening, and Melting Characteristics of Mill Scale‐Based Briquettes for Blast Furnace Ironmaking	14
Effectiveness of Using Low‐Strength‐Grade Filler Wires for 800 MPa Grade Ultra‐High‐Strength Steels Laser Beam Welds	14
Bonding Behavior and Mechanism of Composite Interface Between Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Laminates at Different Temperatures and Strain Rates	14
Contents: steel research int. 5/2023	14
Direct Laser Metal Deposition of AISI H13 Cladding on Copper–Beryllium Alloy Substrate Through a Stainless‐Steel Buffer Layer Strategy	14
Substitution of Ti by Nb in Maraging Steel: Effects on Strengthening Mechanisms and Crystallographic Behavior	14
Effect of Cyclic Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steel	14
Hot Deformation Behavior of 301L Stainless Steel and Dissolution Behavior of δ‐Ferrite During Heat Treatment	14
Masthead	14
Design of Heterogeneous Lamella Microstructure of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel and Effect of Aging on Its Mechanical Behavior and Corrosion Properties	14
Investigation of the Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution in Titanium‐Steel Clad Plates Undergoing In Situ Tensile Testing	14
Optimization of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process Parameters for Low‐Carbon Steel and Properties Prediction by Support Vector Regression Model	14
Comparison of Metastable Pitting Behavior of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels under U‐Bending Deformation	14
Influence of Nonuniform Microstructure on High‐Cycle Fatigue Properties of the Electron‐Beam‐Welded Joint of High‐Strength Steel	14
Titanium‐Dependent Kinetics of Ferrite Single‐Phase Recrystallization in Cold‐Rolled Ultra‐High‐Strength Low‐Alloy Steels During Annealing	14
	14
Computational Fluid Dynamics‐Discrete Element Method Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of the Blast Furnace Raceway with Polyhedral Particles	13
Alloying Strategies for Secondary Hardening in High‐Boron Cold Work Tool Steels: A Comparative Study	13
Potential for Reducing Emissions by Regulating O ₂ , CO, and H ₂ O in the Recirculation Gas in Iro	13
A Review on the Modeling of Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides in Gas‐Based Shaft Furnaces	13
Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Ti‐Bearing Al‐Killed Steel during Heat Treatment at 1200 °C	13

Dephosphorization Kinetics of Hot Metal at Low Slag Basicity and Low Temperature under the Different Fe₂O₃ Addition Amounts	13
Cover Picture	13
Influence of Cooling Rates and Titanium Content on Hot Ductility in Niobium‐Fixed Microalloyed Steels	13
Superior Strength–Ductility Synergy in Multiheterogeneous Gradient‐Structured Medium Mn Steel	13
Cooling Performance Experiment and Simulation Investigation of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer for Wire Rods during Quenching in Molten Salt Mixtures	12
Melting and Crystallization Behaviors of Mold Flux with the Addition of Waste Electrolyte	12
Influence of Heat Treatment and Scan Rotation on the Microstructure of Hot Work Tool Steel Manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion	12
Reaction Behavior of High‐Manganese High‐Aluminum Steel with Glazed MgO Refractory	12
Formation Mechanism of Transverse Cracks in Continuous Casting of 20Mn23AlV Steel	12
The Combined Effect of Ti, Nb, and V Microalloying on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Carbon Steel Wire Rod	12
Development and Testing of Operator Vision Assistance System for Foundry Applications	12
Study on Transformation of Glassy and Crystalline Inclusions in Cord Steel during Heat Treatment at 1100 °C	12
Microstructure Characterization of Bending Effects in 304L Stainless Steel Cladded with Low‐Alloy Steel Weld	12
Short‐Term Heat Treatment of the High‐Alloy Cold‐Work Tool Steel X153CrMoV12: Calculation of Metastable Microstructural States	12
Evolution of Eutectic Carbide during M₇C₃/M₂₃C₆ in situ Transformation in Martensitic Stainless Steel	12
Effect of Cr on Isothermal Structure Transformation of Iron Oxide Scale	12
Investigation of Microscopic Nonmetallic Inclusions in Powder Metallurgical High‐Speed Steels	12
Effect of Chemistry and External Electric Potential on Interfacial Tension between Steel and Slag	12
Influence of Higher Tramp Element Level on the Weldability of Automotive Steels	12
Investigation of Multistage Oxidation Behavior of Al₄SiC₄ Powders with Aid of Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network	12
Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Manipulating Internal Interface Characteristics	11
Interphase Precipitation in Cold‐Rolled Dual‐Phase Steel Strip: Design and Challenges	11
Convolutional Neural Network‐Based Method for Predicting Oxygen Content at the End Point of Converter	11
Simulation of the Solidification and Microstructural Evolution in Steel Casting Processes Using the InterDendritic Solidification Tool	11
Influence of Preheating Temperature on Microstructure Evolution and Hardness of High‐Speed Steel AISI M50 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion	11
Development of Higher‐Order Interaction Parameter Formalisms for a Ternary Solution in a Thermodynamically Consistent Manner	11
Nucleation, Growth, Sintering, and Densification of Sulfide in 1215MS Free‐Cutting Steel Billet	11
Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Silicon Carbide‐Free Bainitic Steel	11
The Investigation of Phase Transition and Solute Transport for Bloom Continuous Casting with Steel Strip‐Feeding Process and Mold Electromagnetic Stirring: A Comparative Study	11
Processing Fundamentals and Performance Investigation of Selective Laser Melting of High‐Speed Steel in Reactive N₂ Atmosphere	11
A Promising Pressurized Duplex Manufacturing Route of High Nitrogen Stainless Steel	11
Recent Progress of Corrosion Prevention Method of Magnesium Alloy	11
Effect of Gas Distribution Mode on Bath Stirring and Mixing in a Bottom‐Blown Converter	11
Influence of Partial Replacement of Co with Cu on Isothermal Transformation Kinetics in Ferritic/Martensitic Heat‐Resistant Steel	11
Softening Behavior of a Cold Work Tool Steel and High‐Boron Tool Steel Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition	11
Nucleation, Growth, Sintering, and Densification of Sulfide in 1215MS Free‐Cutting Steel Billet	11
The Formability and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Pulsed Arc Swing Additive Manufacturing	11
Study on High‐Temperature Reactions of MgO Refractory with Ti‐Bearing Al‐Killed Steel	11
Effect of Nonsinusoidal Mold Oscillation Modes on Slag Consumption and Initial Solidification Behavior in the Meniscus Region during Continuous Casting Process	11
A Critical Review on Medium‐Mn Steels: Mechanical Properties Governed by Microstructural Morphology	11
Suppression and Control of Vortex Formation Caused by Boundary Disturbance during Ladle Teeming Process	11
	11
Continuous Casting Tundish Dead Volume Study by Physical Modeling and Computational Investigation	11
Competition and Precipitation Mechanism of Inclusions in the Al–Ti–Mg Complex Deoxidized Steel	11
Microstructural Refinement and Strain Hardening Behavior in Low‐Density Ultrafine Pearlite Steel	11
A Comparative Study on Hot Deformation Behaviors of Niobium Microalloyed Low‐Carbon and Medium‐Carbon Steels by Physical Constitutive Analysis	10
Effect of Ferrite Second Phase on Shape Memory Effect of Corrosion‐Resistant Fe–Mn–Si Shape Memory Alloy	10
Analysis of Surface Behavior and Cavity Oscillations in a Liquid Metal Model Experiment of the Basic Oxygen Furnace Process	10
Thermodynamic Evaluation of Enhanced CO₂ Conversion in Innovative Slag Splashing Processes in Converters	10
Formation Mechanism and Main Control Methods of Bright‐Band Defects in Strip Casting Based on Numerical Simulation	10
Influences of Weld Nugget Shape and Material Gradient on the Shear Strength of Resistance Spot‐Welded Joints	10
Nucleation Kinetics of Magnesium and Aluminum Complex Deoxidation in Liquid Iron	10
Effect of Tensile Loading and Temperature on the Hydrogen Solubility of Steels at High Gas Pressure	10
Oxidation Mechanism of Ti‐Doped Fe₃O₄ (111): A Combined DFT and AIMD Study with an Experimental Verification	10
Segregation Control and Dendritic Structure Improvement of Steel Plate Hot Rolled Commercial Steel by Electromagnetic Swirling Flow	10
	10
Contents: steel research int. 4/2025	10
Prediction and Optimization of Water Flux Distribution for Flat Nozzles in Slab Continuous Casting	10
Effects of Calcium Addition on Nonmetallic Inclusions in High‐Al Steel	10
Analysis of Flow Pattern and Bubble Behavior in Slab Continuous Casting with Mold Electromagnetic Stirring	10
Effect of the Timing Addition of Ferrosilicon with Al and Ca Impurities on Inclusion Formation in Al‐Killed Automobile Gear Steel SCr420H	10
Role of Activating Flux in Weld Bead Symmetricity during Dissimilar Metal Joining	10
Effect of Electroslag Remelting on the Microstructure and Ballistic Penetration Characteristics of an Austenite‐Based Lightweight Steel	10
Anisotropic Microstructure Evolution in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless Steel Alloy	10
Mechanical Testing and Microstructural Characterization of Bimetallic Structure of Austenitic Steel Fabricated via Wire plus Arc Additive Manufacturing	10
Optimize the Operation Parameters in Surging Auxiliary Slag Skimming Process Based on Large Eddy Simulation –Volume of Fluid –Discrete Phase Model Coupled Model	10
Effect of Annealing Time on Texture Evolution of Fe–3.4 wt% Si Nonoriented Electrical Steel	10
Optimization of Port Angle for Narrow‐Width Mold Flow Field under High Casting Speed Based on Large Eddy Simulation and High‐Temperature Measurement of Velocity	10
Thermal Deformation Control of Multiphase Composite Inclusions in Bearing Steel Treated by Ce‐Mg Combined Treatment	10
The Coupling Effect of Hierarchical Structures and MN‐Type Precipitates on the Creep Resistance for the High N Heat‐Resistant Martensitic Steel	10
Effect of Trace Element B on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 8Cr4Mo4V Bearing Steel	10
Precipitation and Assembling Behavior of Alloying Elements of Piercing‐Plug Steel under High‐Temperature C₂H₅OH–H₂O Atmosphere	10
Low Cycle Fatigue and Damage Evaluation on 16MnCr5 Alloy Steel	10
Analysis of Erosion Mechanism of Wear‐Resistant Layer in Large Blast Furnace Tuyere	9
Effect of Double Annealing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Medium Manganese Steel	9
Effect of Ti Treatment on MnS Inclusion and Mechanical Property of a High‐Strength Sulfur‐Containing Steel	9
The Formation of the {112}<111> Shear Texture in Hot‐Rolled Sheets of Electrical Steels	9
Aggregation Behavior of Inclusions on the Surface of Liquid‐Oriented Silicon Steel: An In Situ Observation	9
	9
Effect of Austenite Reversion and Its Stability on the Tensile and Impact Transition Behavior of High‐Strength Naval Steel	9

Catalysts and Batteries Recycling to Produce Ferroalloys and High‐Speed Steel	9
Observation of Initial Interfacial Reaction between High Aluminum Molten Steel and CaO–Al₂O₃ Inclusion at 1873 K Using Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy and Micro‐Computerized T	9
Friction Stir Welding‐Induced Microstructural Changes in Low‐Alloy Steel Post‐Tempforming	9
Advancement in Laser‐Based Directed Energy Deposition of Stainless Steel on Microstructural Changes in Mechanical and Wear Properties	9
Numerical Investigation on Motion and Removal of Inclusions in Continuous Casting Tundish with Multiorifice Filter	9
Physical Modeling and Fluid Dynamic Simulation of Steel Desulfurization by Reagent Injection through the Bottom of the Ladle	9
Hard‐Facing of Nuclear‐Grade SS316LN Stainless Steel with FeCrNiMnV High‐Entropy Alloy for Improved High‐Temperature Wear and Molten Salt Corrosion Resistance	9
Experimental Study on the Melting of Hydrogen‐Reduced Iron Ore Pellets in Electric Arc Furnace‐Type Slags	9
Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel	9
Synergistic Regulation of Inclusion Characteristics by La–Ce Mixed Rare Earth and Its Impact on the Mechanical Properties of U71Mn Steel	9
The Influence of Particle Swarm Optimization‐Back Propagation Neural Network Hyperparameter Selection on the Prediction Accuracy of Converter Endpoint Temperature	9
An Improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 for Constrained Multiobjective Optimization Problems in Continuous Annealing Furnace	9
Tailoring Low‐Alloyed Cryogenic Steel Strong and Tough Introduces Fine‐Grained Equiaxed Ferrite by Intercritical Subquenching	9
Coarse‐Grain Heat‐Affected Zone Microstructure Evolution and Crack Propagation of Ca‐Treated Q550 Thick‐Steel Plate by High‐Heat Input Welding	9
Application of the Phase Transformation Model for the Design of the Cooling Conditions in Stelmor Process to Obtain a Favorable Multiphase Microstructure of Wire Rod for Cold Heading Applications	9
Cost and Life Cycle Analysis for Deep CO₂ Emissions Reduction for Steel Making: Direct Reduced Iron Technologies	9
Contents: steel research int. 12/2023	9
Desulfurization Behavior of Magnetite Pellets Reduced by Isothermal Pure Hydrogen	9
Mechanism of Strength–Toughness Balance in 2Cr13MoV Martensitic Stainless Steel under Short‐Time Heat Treatment	9
In Situ Alloying of H13 Tool Steel With TiC via PBF‐LB/M	9
Effect of Magnesium Modification on Inclusions and Carbide in As‐Cast 21‐4N Valve Steel	9
Microstructure Stabilities of Newly Developed Hot‐Working Die Steel and H13 Steel at Elevated Temperature	9
Directional Sulfur Removal from Ladle Furnace Slag by Electric Field Strengthening Treatment	9
The Effect of Zr on the High‐Temperature Oxidation Resistance of 12Cr Ferritic/Martensitic Steels	9
Effect of Rolling on Microstructure Evolution and Plastic Deformation Behavior of A473M Martensitic Stainless Steel	9
Hybrid Model Integrating Locally Linear Embedding and LightGBM for Predicting Sulfur Content in Electroslag Remelting	9
Correlation Between Microstructure and Micromechanism of Quasi‐Cleavage Fracture of 33Mn2V Dual‐Phase Steel	9
Thermal Simulation of MnS Evolution in Solidification of a Low‐Carbon Alloy Steel Bloom	9
End‐Point Dynamic Control Model for 260 Tons BOF Steelmaking Based on PWWTSVR and LWOA	8
Study on the Occurrence State of Lanthanum in Rust Layer and Mechanism of Its Influence on Invasion State of Corrosion Atoms	8
Extraction of Vanadium from CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃ Slags Based on Vaporization of Vanadium Pentoxide	8
Influence of Time and Temperature of Plasma Nitriding on the Wear Resistance of Ni–Cr–Mo‐Based Films Deposited by AISI 904L Cathodic Cage on SAE 6160 Steel	8
A Computational Fluid Dynamics‐Thermodynamics Coupled Approach to Simulate Desulfurization in Ladle Furnace Based on Interface Equilibrium Assumption	8
Oxidation Kinetics and Oxide Scale Characteristics of Ni‐Containing Steel at High Temperature under Air	8
The Role of Mold Electromagnetic Stirring in the Dissipation of Superheat during the Continuous Casting of Billets	8
Research on Shape Control During Tandem Cold Rolling of High‐Strength Low‐Alloy Strip Based on Genetic Influence of Property	8
Regulating Oxides Enhances the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Martensitic Stainless Steel	8
Optimization of Process Conditions for Ultralightweight Steel with More Than 13 wt% of Al and 5 wt% of Cr	8
In Situ Observation of Phase Transformations of Pearlite Heat‐Resistant Steel during Solidification	8
Oxidation Inhibition Coatings for Grain‐Oriented Electrical Steel Slabs during High‐Temperature Reheating: A Systematic Review	8
Physical and Mathematical Simulation of the Influence of Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Process Parameters on Mixing Effect	8
An Insight in the Viscosity–Temperature Property of CaO‐SiO₂‐Al₂O₃‐Based Slag Systems from Melt Structure	8
Role of Cerium on the Intricacies of Deformed State and Softening Mechanisms of Low‐Carbon Steels	8
Cross‐Scale Study of DP780 Steel: From Crystal Plasticity Modeling to Failure and Formability Prediction	8
Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel	8
The Prediction of Ferrite Ratio in HAZ of EH36 Steel Electro‐Gas Welding Joints Based on Leblond Equation	8
Damage Mechanism of Copper Cooling Plate on Large Blast Furnace	8
Investigation of the Erosion Mechanism of the Mold Flux Containing Rare Earth Oxide on the Submerged Entry Nozzle Affected by an External Electric Field	8
	8
Numerical Simulation of the Flow Field and Inclusion Entrapment in Ultrawide Slab Continuous Casting Mold Combined with High‐Temperature Velocity Quantitative Measurement	8
Physical Metallurgy Guided Machine Learning for Strain‐Induced Precipitation of Nb (C, N) Based on the Orthogonalized Small Data	8
Functionally Gradient H13 Tool Steel/Oxygen‐Free High Thermal Conductivity Cu Composites Manufactured by Laser‐Directed Energy Deposition	8
Reduction of Iron‐Ore Pellets Using Different Gas Mixtures and Temperatures	8
Development and Application of On‐Line Solution Annealing Process for 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel	8
Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Tundish Filter on Molten Steel Flow and Inclusions Removal	8
Optimization of Mold Slag for Continuous Casting of Peritectic Steel	8
Machine Learning‐Based Regression Modeling Approach to Predict the Carbon Content in Molten Steel of Electric Arc Furnace	8
Carbide Precipitation Behavior of High‐Alloy Steel During Solidification and Cooling Process	8
Exploiting the Molten Slag to Decarbonize Iron and Steel Industry: Feasibility Analysis of Centrifugal Granulation‐Assisted Thermal Energy Recovery System beyond Pilot Scale	8
Microstructure and Properties of a Novel Carbon‐Martensitic Hot Work Tool Steel Processed by Laser Additive Manufacturing without Preheating	8
Precipitation Behavior of Cr ₂ N Phase in Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101 during Solution Treatment and its Influence on Mechanical Properties	8
Effect of Austenite Reversion Treatment and Partitioning on the Phase Transformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic–Austenitic CrMnNi‐Cast Steel	8
Role of Ni Content on Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and In‐Site Local Corrosion Behavior of Welded Joints Produced by Laser Welding of Dual‐Phase Steel	8
Lateral Capillary Interaction Between Hexagonal or Triangular‐Shaped TiN Inclusions at the Gas/Steel Interface	8
Control of the Molten Steel Level in the Top Side‐Pouring Twin‐Roll Casting Process Based on Fuzzy Rules Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm	8
Influence of Electron Beam Welding with Multiple Beams on Stress Corrosion Properties of AF1410 Steel	8
Microstructure and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Thermomechanically Rolled 3Mn–Al and 5Mn–Al Sheet Steels	8
Crystal‐Scale Fatigue Damage Evolution and Predictive Modeling of Carbide‐Triggered Crack Initiation in High‐Strength Steel	8
Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure, Mechanical, and Wear Failure Behaviors of a Novel High‐Vanadium High‐Speed Steel	8
Press Hardening for Sustainable Lightweight Chassis Design in Heavy‐Duty Vehicles: A Material Performance and Life Cycle Assessment Approach	8
Applications and Progress of Machine Learning Techniques in the Ladle Furnace Refining Process: A Review	8
Vacuum Brazing of 18MAR300 Nickel Maraging Steel Joints Based on Additively Manufactured and Conventional Material Grades	8
Contents: steel research int. 3/2026	8
Observation on Reaction Mechanism of Lime Powder as Desulfurization Agent for Molten Cast Iron	8
Toward the Decarbonization of the Steel Sector: Development of an Artificial Intelligence Model Based on Hyperspectral Imaging at Fully Automated Scrap Characterization for Material Upgrading Operatio	8
Effect of Annealing Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Stamping Formability of Cold‐Rolled Medium‐Manganese Automobile Steel	8
Composition and Morphological Analysis of MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃ Inclusions during Solidification of Steel	8
Cooling Capacity Evolution of Steel Strip during Oscillatory Feeding Process in Slab Continuous Casting	8
Characteristic and Control of Solidification Microstructure in Electroslag Remelted M35 High‐Speed Steel	8
YOLOv5s‐GC‐Based Surface Defect Detection Method of Strip Steel	7
Physical Metallurgy and Mechanical Properties of Ultrahigh Strength Steels	7
Superior Yield Strength and High‐Tensile‐Toughness Matching of Medium‐Mn Steel with Gradient Structure Developed by Cyclic Torsion	7
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Co‐Based Stellite 6 Multilayer Overlays Deposited on ASTM A36 Steel by Gas Metal Arc Welding Process	7
Correlation between Interfacial Bonding Strength and Mechanical Properties of 2205/Q345 Clad Plate	7
Ratcheting Effect of 304 Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition Under Uniaxial Cyclic Stress	7
Tribological Behavior of SINTER30 Steel Subjected to Duplex Treatment	7
Response Surface Method Optimization of Hard Machining with Cryogenically Treated Cutting Tools: Surface Roughness, Cutting Force, Tool Wear, Rietveld Analysis, and Metallurgical Properties	7
Effect of a New Prestrain, Intercritical Annealing, Quenching, and Partitioning Process on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium‐Manganese Steels	7
A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting the Process Parameters and Various Measurement Techniques in Forging Processes	7
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oxidation Behavior of Cerium in High‐Speed Steel during Electroslag Remelting	7
Kinetic Mechanism Development for the Direct Reduction of Single Hematite Pellets in H₂/CO Atmospheres	7
Taguchi–Gray‐Based Optimization of Hot Rough Rolling: Energy Efficiency and Dimensional Accuracy	7
Factors Affecting Microscopic Basicity of Silicate Glasses from the Perspective of O1s Binding Energy	7
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Heterogeneous Nano/Ultrafine‐Grained Austenitic Stainless Steel Prepared by Low‐Temperature Rolling and Annealing	7
Simulation of Ladle Refining Reactions in Si–Mn‐Killed Steel	7