BMJ-British Medical Journal

Article	Citations
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews	26521
PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews	3441
Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study	2072
Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study	1800
A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance	1611
Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis	1349
Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care	1007
Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management	899
Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study	760
Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study	711
Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study	708
Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis	688
Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score	675
Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial	653
Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis	585
Risk of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/1: matched cohort study	568
Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis	561
Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis	512
A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19	487
National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: systematic analysis and modelling study	479
Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis	478
Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: retrospective case series	477
Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study	474
Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2	469
Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial)	465

Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomisation (STROBE-MR): explanation and elaboration	452
Interpreting a covid-19 test result	441
Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study	414
Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with covid-19 in United Kingdom: prospective multicentre observational cohort study	409
Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline	376
Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health	372
Physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019: natural experiment in 149 countries	370
Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer	361
Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study	351
Covid-19: What do we know about “long covid”?	338
Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis	328
Association between prediabetes and risk of all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: updated meta-analysis	322
Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controll	315
Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant	293
Covid-19: Pfizer’s paxlovid is 89% effective in patients at risk of serious illness, company reports	289
Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data	273
Effect of tocilizumab on clinical outcomes at 15 days in patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019: randomised controlled trial	272
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health	270
Arterial events, venous thromboembolism, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding after vaccination with Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S in Denmark and Norway: population based cohort study	268
Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries	268
Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minority groups	265
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA): explanation, elaboration, and checklist	263
Clinical features and novel presentations of human monkeypox in a central London centre during the 2022 outbreak: descriptive case series	258
Violence against women during covid-19 pandemic restrictions	257
Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life	256
Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies	250
Covid-19: New coronavirus variant is identified in UK	247
Two metres or one: what is the evidence for physical distancing in covid-19?	243
Covid-19: Omicron may be more transmissible than other variants and partly resistant to existing vaccines, scientists fear	243
Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study	243
Covid-19: European countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots	233
Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management	230
Risk of hospital admission with coronavirus disease 2019 in healthcare workers and their households: nationwide linkage cohort study	227
Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis	221
The healthiness and sustainability of national and global food based dietary guidelines: modelling study	217
Effectiveness of therapeutic heparin versus prophylactic heparin on death, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission in moderately ill patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital: RAPID	216
COP27 climate change conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world	216
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 outcomes in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study	207
Long covid: How to define it and how to manage it	207
New advances in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma	206
Trajectory of long covid symptoms after covid-19 vaccination: community based cohort study	203
Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series study	200
Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis	199
Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI Extension	195
Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy	190
Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study	190
Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study	187
Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review	186
Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data	186
Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: national prospective cohort study	186

Advances in acute myeloid leukemia	183
Use of genetic variation to separate the effects of early and later life adiposity on disease risk: mendelian randomisation study	180
Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019	179
Computerised clinical decision support systems and absolute improvements in care: meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials	179
Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies	176
Covid-19: Novavax vaccine efficacy is 86% against UK variant and 60% against South African variant	173
Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial	173
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis	168
Waste in covid-19 research	167
Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study	166
Adherence to the test, trace, and isolate system in the UK: results from 37 nationally representative surveys	165
Recommended physical activity and all cause and cause specific mortality in US adults: prospective cohort study	165
Long term survival and local control outcomes from single dose targeted intraoperative radiotherapy during lumpectomy (TARGIT-IORT) for early breast cancer: TARGIT-A randomised clinical trial	162
Trends in suicide during the covid-19 pandemic	162
Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies	160
Early warning scores for detecting deterioration in adult hospital patients: systematic review and critical appraisal of methodology	159
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis or myopericarditis: population based cohort study	158
Mitigating ethnic disparities in covid-19 and beyond	157
Food is medicine: actions to integrate food and nutrition into healthcare	157
How covid-19 is accelerating the threat of antimicrobial resistance	155
Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study	154
The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis	152
Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against delta, mu, and other emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2: test negative case-control study	151
Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations	150
NICE guideline on long covid	150
Risks of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding after covid-19: nationwide self-controlled cases series and matched cohort study	150
Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI Extension	149
Covid-19: The E484K mutation and the risks it poses	146
Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing?	143
Reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions: development of the PRIOR statement	143
Dexamethasone in the management of covid -19	142
Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer	140
Advances in the diagnosis and management of IgG4 related disease	140
Long term respiratory complications of covid-19	140
Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study	140
The role of chest radiography in confirming covid-19 pneumonia	140
Glioblastoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management	139
The UK’s public health response to covid-19	139
Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study	138
P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy or dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary revascularisation: individual patient level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	138
Put to the test: use of rapid testing technologies for covid-19	138
Incidence, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in California and Washington: prospective cohort study	137
Advances in systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer	136
Use of artificial intelligence for image analysis in breast cancer screening programmes: systematic review of test accuracy	134
Sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy as first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ORIENT-15): multicentre, randomised, double b	133
Covid-19: adverse mental health outcomes for healthcare workers	132
Pandemic fatigue? How adherence to covid-19 regulations has been misrepresented and why it matters	131
Adapting interventions to new contexts—the ADAPT guidance	131
Mitigating the psychological effects of social isolation during the covid-19 pandemic	130
Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study	129
Mental health of children and young people during pandemic	125
Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5 among children born preterm: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study	125
Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission	122
Meat plants—a new front line in the covid-19 pandemic	119
Covid-19 deaths in Africa: prospective systematic postmortem surveillance study	118
Delta variant: What is happening with transmission, hospital admissions, and restrictions?	118
Infection fatality risk for SARS-CoV-2 in community dwelling population of Spain: nationwide seroepidemiological study	118
Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management	117
Associations of physician burnout with career engagement and quality of patient care: systematic review and meta-analysis	115
Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer and cancer related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials	115
Comparative evaluation of clinical manifestations and risk of death in patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and seasonal influenza: cohort study	115
Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review	115
Academic criteria for promotion and tenure in biomedical sciences faculties: cross sectional analysis of international sample of universities	113
Hospital admission and mortality rates for non-covid diseases in Denmark during covid-19 pandemic: nationwide population based cohort study	113
Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for covid-19 vaccination: descriptive study	111
Effect of reductions in amyloid levels on cognitive change in randomized trials: instrumental variable meta-analysis	111
Covid-19: What new variants are emerging and how are they being investigated?	110
Asymptomatic transmission of covid-19	110
Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis	110
Video consultations in primary and specialist care during the covid-19 pandemic and beyond	109
Evaluating the credibility of anchor based estimates of minimal important differences for patient reported outcomes: instrument development and reliability study	108
Risk of bias in studies on prediction models developed using supervised machine learning techniques: systematic review	108
Association between low density lipoprotein and all cause and cause specific mortality in Denmark: prospective cohort study	107
Elimination could be the optimal response strategy for covid-19 and other emerging pandemic diseases	106
Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP) using a digital intervention in poorly controlled hypertension: randomised controlled trial	105
Effect of the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across populations in the USA and other high income countries: simulations of provisional mortality data	104
Aducanumab for Alzheimer’s disease?	104
Remote management of covid-19 using home pulse oximetry and virtual ward support	104
Regulatory T cells for minimising immune suppression in kidney transplantation: phase I/IIa clinical trial	103
Covid-19: Delta variant is now UK’s most dominant strain and spreading through schools	103

Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries	101
Designing and undertaking randomised implementation trials: guide for researchers	101
Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia	100
Reserving coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines for global access: cross sectional analysis	100
Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: prospective cohort study	100
In-hospital cardiac arrest in critically ill patients with covid-19: multicenter cohort study	100
Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases	99
Covid-19: New UK variant may be linked to increased death rate, early data indicate	99
Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities	99
Covid-19: Is a second wave hitting Europe?	98
Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: pooled analysis	98
Statin treatment and muscle symptoms: series of randomised, placebo controlled n-of-1 trials	98
Pulmonary embolism: update on management and controversies	97
Linked electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort of more than 54 million people in England: data resource	97
Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study	97
STaRT-RWE: structured template for planning and reporting on the implementation of real world evidence studies	97
Risk of persistent and new clinical sequelae among adults aged 65 years and older during the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study	96
Poverty, health, and covid-19	96
Placebos in chronic pain: evidence, theory, ethics, and use in clinical practice	96
Food anaphylaxis in the United Kingdom: analysis of national data, 1998-2018	96
Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis	95
GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework	95
Risk of covid-19 related deaths for SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) compared with delta (B.1.617.2): retrospective cohort study	95
Electronic health record alerts for acute kidney injury: multicenter, randomized clinical trial	94
Association between high blood pressure and long term cardiovascular events in young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis	94
Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the US: observational study	94
Airborne transmission of covid-19	93
Management of hypertriglyceridemia	92
Covid-19 and alcohol—a dangerous cocktail	91
Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves	91
Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses	91
Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	90
Menstrual cycle regularity and length across the reproductive lifespan and risk of premature mortality: prospective cohort study	90
Covid-19: Molnupiravir reduces risk of hospital admission or death by 50% in patients at risk, MSD reports	90
Menstrual changes after covid-19 vaccination	90
Learning from Gothenburg model of person centred healthcare	88
Characterising the background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest for covid-19 vaccines in eight countries: multinational network cohort study	87
Hepatitis B virus persistence and reactivation	86
RETRACTED: Changes in soft drinks purchased by British households associated with the UK soft drinks industry levy: controlled interrupted time series analysis	86
Intake of whole grain foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies	86
Routine vaccination during covid-19 pandemic response	86
Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults: randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project)	85
Covid-19: risks to healthcare workers and their families	85
Covid-19: Where are we on vaccines and variants?	85
Waning of vaccine effectiveness against moderate and severe covid-19 among adults in the US from the VISION network: test negative, case-control study	84
Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of endometriosis	83
Lyme borreliosis: diagnosis and management	83
Post-acute sequelae of covid-19 six to 12 months after infection: population based study	82
Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study	82
Real time remote symptom monitoring during chemotherapy for cancer: European multicentre randomised controlled trial (eSMART)	81
Face masks can be devastating for people with hearing loss	81
Freeze-all versus fresh blastocyst transfer strategy during in vitro fertilisation in women with regular menstrual cycles: multicentre randomised controlled trial	80
Optimizing Therapy to Prevent Avoidable Hospital Admissions in Multimorbid Older Adults (OPERAM): cluster randomised controlled trial	79
The concept of “fatigue” in tackling covid-19	79
Returning to physical activity after covid-19	79
Covid-19: What have we learnt about the new variant in the UK?	77
Covid-19: Remdesivir has little or no impact on survival, WHO trial shows	77
Covid-19: Early studies give hope omicron is milder than other variants	77
Does “AI” stand for augmenting inequality in the era of covid-19 healthcare?	76
Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the treatment of back pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis	76
Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder	75
Covid-19: Moderna vaccine is nearly 95% effective, trial involving high risk and elderly people shows	75
Accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) to screen for major depression: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis	75
Advances in the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease	75
A pathway to net zero emissions for healthcare	75
Elapsed time since BNT162b2 vaccine and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: test negative design study	74
Should governments continue lockdown to slow the spread of covid-19?	74
Reporting guideline for the early stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI	74
Effectiveness of heterologous and homologous covid-19 vaccine regimens: living systematic review with network meta-analysis	73
Effect of screening by clinical breast examination on breast cancer incidence and mortality after 20 years: prospective, cluster randomised controlled trial in Mumbai	73
SARS-CoV-2 positivity in offspring and timing of mother-to-child transmission: living systematic review and meta-analysis	73
Covid-19: politicisation, “corruption,” and suppression of science	73
Why is India having a covid-19 surge?	73
A living WHO guideline on drugs to prevent covid-19	72
Association of plasma biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake with incident type 2 diabetes: EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study in eight European countries	72
Co-production of knowledge: the future	72
Thrombosis after covid-19 vaccination	72
Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity?	72
Robotic versus laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: multicenter, blinded randomized controlled trial	71
Remdesivir for severe covid-19: a clinical practice guideline	71
Effect of exercise training for five years on all cause mortality in older adults—the Generation 100 study: randomised controlled trial	71
Use of high dose cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningioma in women: cohort study	70
Mobile health and privacy: cross sectional study	70
Managing uncertainty in the covid-19 era	69
Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	69
Covid-19: Important potential side effects of wearing face masks that we should bear in mind	69
Behavioural, environmental, social, and systems interventions against covid-19	69
Covid-19: Low dose steroid cuts death in ventilated patients by one third, trial finds	69
Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis	69
Effective engagement and involvement with community stakeholders in the co-production of global health research	68
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: multi-database retrospective cohort study	68
Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen tests in asymptomatic and presymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: cross sectional study	67
Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening to detect major depression: updated systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis	67
Treatment timing and the effects of rhythm control strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study	67
Covid-19: Runny nose, headache, and fatigue are commonest symptoms of omicron, early data show	67