International Review of the Red Cross

Article	Citations
The Rif War: A forgotten war?	25
When is detention by non-State actors a war crime? The Special Jurisdiction for Peace's decision on hostage-taking by the FARC-EP	16
The Sahel: Challenges and opportunities	12
Establishing a practical test for the end of non-international armed conflict	12
Seeking balance: The role of Article 6(5) of Additional Protocol II in balancing justice and peace in transitions from armed conflict to peace	10
Persons with Disabilities in Armed Conflicts: From Invisibility to Visibility	8
Interview with Michael Pollanen	7
Another brick in the wall: Climate change (in)adaptation under the law of belligerent occupation	6
Negotiating with organized crime groups: Questions of law, policy and imagination	6
Reparation for victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law: New developments	6
Interview with Peter Maurer	5
A US perspective on special operations and the law of armed conflict	5
IRC volume 103 issue 918 Cover and Back matter	5
Towards common ground: Strategies for effective collaboration between the humanitarian and peacebuilding communities	5
Mental health and the law: What else is needed for particularly vulnerable contexts facing armed conflict and development obstacles?	5
Equality and Non-Discrimination in Armed Conflict: Humanitarian and Human Rights Law in Practice	4
Interview with Nils Melzer	4
Can criminal organizations be non-State parties to armed conflict? – CORRIGENDUM	4
Reparations for victims of terrorist acts in Sahel conflicts: The case of Niger	4
The pseudo-kindness of wartime lawbreakers	4
Religion and international humanitarian law	4
Interview with Dr Gilles Yabi	4
IRC volume 106 issue 925 Cover and Front matter	4
Portraits of Women in International Law: New Names and Forgotten Faces? Edited by Immi Tallgren *	4
ICRC and International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: Some recent documents on international humanitarian law and persons with disabilities	3

“How did they die?”: Bridging humanitarian and criminal-justice objectives in forensic science to advance the rights of families of the missing under international humanitarian law	3
Decentralized armed groups: Can they be classified as parties to non-international armed conflicts?	3
“I'mpossible”: Some challenges of implementing international law in the area of humanitarian affairs for persons with disabilities	3
Pro patria mori: When States encourage civilian involvement in armed conflict	3
Scorched Earth: Environmental Warfare as a Crime against Humanity and Nature By Emmanuel Kreike *	3
Queering the humanitarian principles of neutrality and impartiality: Implications for humanitarian action, IHL effectiveness and gender justice	3
“When you have to shoot, shoot!” Rethinking the right to life of combatants during armed conflicts	3
Voices of resilience: The perspective of persons with disabilities in armed conflict	3
Interview with Emily Crawford	3
The international responsibility of a belligerent State in the event of transboundary environmental damage	3
The well-trodden path of national international humanitarian law committees	2
Humanity on the final frontier: Challenges in applying international humanitarian law to modern military space operations	2
The ICRC's legal and policy position on nuclear weapons	2
The impacts of human rights law on the regulation of armed conflict: A coherency-based approach to dealing with both the “interpretation” and “application” processes	2
Child recruitment and beyond: Prosecuting the broad spectrum of violence committed against recruited children within the former FARC-EP ranks	2
IRC volume 105 issue 922 Cover and Back matter	2
The crisis in international law and the path forward for international humanitarian law	2
IRC volume 106 issue 927 Cover and Back matter	2
“Reason to know” in the international law of command responsibility	2
Data and the dead: How does IHL regulate data related to the identification of deceased persons?	2
Detonating the air: The legality of the use of thermobaric weapons under international humanitarian law	2
Case note: The International Court of Justice’s 2022 reparations judgment in DRC v. Uganda	2
Changing the narrative: A Tool on African Traditions and the Preservation of Humanity during War	2
Addressing the accountability void: War crimes against persons with disabilities	1
Why communities hosting internally displaced persons in the Sahel need stronger and more effective legal protection	1
Wars have limits	1
The origins, causes and enduring significance of the Martens Clause: A view from Russia	1
“Sticking together while standing one's own ground”: The meanings of solidarity in humanitarian action	1
Respecting IHL obligations to the deceased does make a difference: The ICRC-led Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas identification operation	1
The Bystander, the Good Samaritan and the Just in the Holocaust and international humanitarian law	1
The legal limits to the destruction of natural resources in non-international armed conflicts: Applying international humanitarian law	1
Amnesties as a means of encouraging transition and strengthening the application of IHL in Colombia: The case of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace	1
Inaccessible justice: The violation of Article 13 of the CRPD and the ICC's role in filling the accountability gap	1
ICRC report on Detention by Non-State Armed Groups: Obligations under International Humanitarian Law and Examples of How to Implement Them	1
Niche small States in humanitarian diplomacy: Qatar's positionality in the protection ecosystem	1
Humanitarian principles and humanitarian disarmament: An operator's perspective	1
Targeting drug lords: Challenges to IHL between lege lata and lege ferenda	1
IHL in the era of climate change: The application of the UN climate change regime to belligerent occupations	1
Women of the Sahel: Portraits of women living through violence and conflict in the Sahel	1
The African Union's humanitarian policies: A closer look at Africa's regional institutions and practice	1
Selected resolutions of the 2024 Council of Delegates of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement	1
What is IHL history now?	1
(Transnational) Organized crime and corruption in conflict settings: Interview with Ms Ghada Waly	1
IRC volume 104 issue 919 Cover and Back matter	1
Normative architecture and applied international humanitarian law	1
Animals in war: At the vanishing point of international humanitarian law	1
Above the law: Drones, aerial vision and the law of armed conflict – a socio-technical approach	1
Interview with Bakary Sambe	1
Interview with Franz Perrez	1
Addressing environmental damages in contexts of armed conflict through transitional justice in Colombia	1

Re-evaluating international humanitarian law in a triple planetary crisis: New challenges, new tools	1
Climate-induced displacement in the Sahel: A question of classification	1
International Humanitarian Law and Peace	1
At the frontlines of implementing the right to a healthy environment: Understanding human rights and environmental due diligence in relation to armed conflicts	1
IRC volume 103 issue 918 Cover and Front matter	1
Exclusive humanitarianism: Policy recommendations for genuine inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action	1
The Climate and Environment Charter for Humanitarian Organizations: Strengthening the humanitarian response to the climate and environment crises	1
United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy: A framework to accelerate transformative change for persons with disabilities in the peace and security pillar	1
Jus post bellum: Scope and assessment of the applicable legal framework	1
Accounting for disability in international humanitarian law	1
The SolarWinds hack: Lessons for international humanitarian organizations	1
This is who we are: The role of military ethics, culture, and religion in disseminating international humanitarian law to the armed forces	1
Exploring Hindu ethics of warfare: The Purāṇas	1
A galaxy of norms: UN peace operations and protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict	0
IRC volume 106 issue 927 Cover and Front matter	0
Taking economic and social rights earnestly: What does international human rights law offer persons with disabilities in situations of armed conflict?	0
Increasing the safeguarding of protected areas threatened by warfare through international environmental law	0
Provisional justice in protracted conflicts: The place of temporality in bridging the international humanitarian law and transitional justice divide	0
The ever-existing “crisis” of the law of naval warfare	0
Environmental obligations of business entities during armed conflicts	0
International environmental law as a means for enhancing the protection of the environment in warfare: A critical assessment of scholarly theoretical frameworks	0
The search for missing persons: Comparative analysis of the incorporation of international standards into national search plans implemented in Latin American countries	0
How the Guidelines for the Implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 contribute to better protection of cultural property	0
Imperfect relief: Challenges to the impartiality and identity of humanitarian action	0
Chair's Summary Report of State Expert Meeting on International Humanitarian Law: Protecting the Environment in Armed Conflicts	0
Leveraging emerging technologies to enable environmental monitoring and accountability in conflict zones	0
A new understanding of disability in international humanitarian law: Reinterpretation of Article 30 of Geneva Convention III	0
The UN75 Declaration, Our Common Agenda and the development of international law	0
Protecting disabled people during armed conflict in North Kivu: Challenges and perspectives	0
Implementation of international humanitarian law: The work of Latin American international humanitarian law committees	0
Crime wars: Operational perspectives on criminal armed groups in Mexico and Brazil	0
Protection of the Environment During Armed Conflict	0
Whose war is it anyway? Proportionate reparations in wars of aggression	0
Of date palms and dialogue: Enhancing the protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law and Islamic law	0
Is wearing these sunglasses an attack? Obligations under IHL related to anti-AI countermeasures	0
International humanitarian law-making and new military technologies	0
Humanitarianism and the Quantification of Human Needs: Minimal Humanity By Joël Glasman *	0
THE MILITARY	0
Lost in digital translation? The humanitarian principles in the digital age	0
The protection of women and girls with disabilities in armed conflict: Adopting a gender-, age- and disability-inclusive approach to select IHL provisions	0
Theorizing empirical court research: The test case of the trial of Hissène Habré	0
Opportunities and failures to prosecute violence against persons with disabilities at the international tribunals for the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone	0
The regulation of crimes against water in armed conflicts and other situations of violence	0
The 2022 Political Declaration on the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas: A tool for protecting the environment in armed conflict?	0
Interview with Eirini Giorgou	0
Supporting value sensitivity in the humanitarian use of drones through an ethics assessment framework	0
Increasing visibility of persons with disabilities in armed conflict: Implications for interpreting and applying IHL	0
Decolonization, Self-Determination, and the Rise of Global Human Rights Politics Edited by A. Dirk Moses, Marco Duranti and Roland Burke *	0
Interview with Lazare W. Zoungrana	0
The right to water for internally displaced persons in the Sahel region	0
How is the term “armed conflict” defined in international humanitarian law?	0
Addressing missing persons arising from armed conflict as a driver of peace: Towards a research agenda	0
The practice of the UN Security Council pertaining to the environment and armed conflict, 1945–2021	0
What militaries need to know about data protection and the right to digital privacy/private life	0
The risks of autonomous weapons: An analysis centred on the rights of persons with disabilities	0
IRC volume 105 issue 924 Cover and Back matter	0
Humanitarian bullets and man-killers: Revisiting the history of arms regulation in the late nineteenth century	0
Punishment and pardon: The use of international humanitarian law by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace in Colombia	0
The unilateralization of international humanitarian law	0
Hidden stories: Survivors of organized crime	0
Charting Hinduism's rules of armed conflict: Indian sacred texts and international humanitarian law	0
The 1871 Mexican Criminal Code as the missing piece in the history of criminalizing violations of the laws of war	0
Intersections in International Cultural Heritage Law Edited by Anne-Marie Carstens and Elizabeth Varner	0
Redefining the neutral intermediary role: Balancing theoretical ideas with practical realities through the ICRC's experience in Yemen	0
Translating survivor-centredness into pedagogical approaches to training on sexual violence in conflict and emergency settings: A case study	0
International humanitarian law and the challenges of contemporary armed conflicts	0
The overlooked importance of intelligence analysis in IHL	0
Handling cyberspace's state of intermediacy through existing international law	0
IRC volume 105 issue 923 Cover and Back matter	0
Is Rio de Janeiro preparing for war? Combating organized crime versus non-international armed conflict	0
To respect and ensure respect for IHL: Interview with representatives of the French Ministry for the Armed Forces and Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs	0
Gender, conflict and the environment: Surfacing connections in international humanitarian law	0
Going for a test drive? Some observations on the turn to informality in the laws of armed conflict	0
IRC volume 106 issue 925 Cover and Back matter	0
Dreams of a Deafblind Person!	0
Advancing towards inclusive peace and security: Persons with disabilities and Security Council Resolution 2475	0
IRC volume 106 issue 926 Cover and Back matter	0
Interview with His Excellency Pekka Haavisto	0
Executive Summary: Avoiding civilian harm from military cyber operations during armed conflicts	0
International humanitarian law and peace: A brief overview	0

A next-generation protective emblem: Cross-frequency protective options for non-combatants in the context of (fully) autonomous warfare	0
Practice versus perception: A discussion of the humanitarian principle of independence in the context of migration	0
Resolutions of the 34th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent	0
The International Court of Justice and the development of international humanitarian law	0
Practical, legal and psychological issues related to the protection of the dead in cases of enforced disappearance	0
The President on Trial: Prosecuting Hissène Habré Edited by Sharon Weill, Kim Thuy Seelinger and Kerstin Bree Carlson *	0
Will the centre hold? Countering the erosion of the principle of distinction on the digital battlefield	0
Is Ecuador facing a non-international armed conflict against organized crime groups? Reality, inconsistencies and jurisprudential developments	0
The challenges of research in the humanitarian sector: An evolving relationship	0
US military legal doctrine and the emerging wartime cyber environment	0
IRC volume 106 issue 926 Cover and Front matter	0
“Grant him quickly to my longing eyes”: The evolution of the US common law of sepulchre and its potential utility in interpreting the protection of the dead under IHL	0
Militarization and privatization of security: From the War on Drugs to the fight against organized crime in Latin America	0
Who is the civilian population? Ensuring IHL is implemented for the protection of the entirety of the civilian population – including persons with disabilities	0
Article 12 of the Protocol on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Africa: A critical analysis	0
The view of the past in international humanitarian law (1860–2020)	0
The obligation to exercise “leniency” in penal and disciplinary measures against prisoners of war in light of the ICRC updated Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention	0
Some key documents on the ICRC's response to armed violence and more	0
A possible legal framework for the exploitation of natural resources by non-State armed groups	0
The power of asking “how” – a key to understanding the development of IHL?	0
Protected zones in context: Exploring the complexity of armed conflicts and their impacts on the protection of biodiversity	0
The war crime of outrages against the personal dignity of the dead: Legal basis, evolution, and elements	0
Speech by Mirjana Spoljaric Egger, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross	0
Honest Errors? Combat Decision-Making 75 Years after the Hostage Case Edited by Nobuo Hayashi and Carola Lingaas *	0
Visual representation of armed conflict-related deaths and the evolving standards of protecting the dignity of the deceased	0
Harvesting vulnerability: The challenges of organ trafficking in armed conflict	0
“Safe zones”: A protective alternative to flight or a tool of refugee containment? Clarifying the international legal framework governing access to refugee protection against the backdrop of “safe zon	0
Protecting Civilians against Digital Threats during Armed Conflict: Final report of the ICRC's Global Advisory Board	0
How harmful information on social media impacts people affected by armed conflict: A typology of harms	0
IRC volume 105 issue 922 Cover and Front matter	0
Beyond retribution: Individual reparations for IHL violations as peace facilitators	0
Enhanced labour protection for prisoners of war	0
War in cities: Why the protection of the natural environment matters even when fighting in urban areas, and what can be done to ensure protection	0
From the Gilded Age to the Digital Age: The evolution of ICRC legal commentaries	0
Informal international law-making: A way around the deadlock of international humanitarian law?	0
TheInspector-General of the Australian Defence Force Afghanistan Inquiry Reportand the applicability of Additional Protocol II to intervening foreign forces	0
Criminalizing reprisals against the natural environment	0
IRC volume 104 issue 919 Cover and Front matter	0
Challenges to implementation of humanitarian access norms in the Sahel	0
Humanitarianism and affect-based education: Emotional experiences at the Jean-Pictet Competition	0
How will international humanitarian law develop in the future?	0
IRC volume 104 issue 920-921 Cover and Back matter	0
Hacking international organizations: The role of privileges, immunities, good faith and the principle of State sovereignty	0
Can criminal organizations be non-State parties to armed conflict?	0
Interview with Gerard Quinn	0
Interview with His Royal Highness Prince Mired bin Raad Zeid Al-Hussein of Jordan	0
The protection of the natural environment in armed conflicts and agent-based modelling	0
How international humanitarian law develops	0
Strengthening the medicolegal system: Fulfilling international law obligations during conflicts and disasters to prevent and resolve issues of humanitarian concern	0
IRC volume 104 issue 920-921 Cover and Front matter	0
African customs and traditions and the indigenization of international humanitarian law in armed conflict	0
Harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence for humanitarian action: Opportunities and risks	0
Building the case for a social and behaviour change approach to prevent and respond to the recruitment and use of children by armed forces and armed groups	0
Fundamental Principles	0
The applicability of international humanitarian law to acts of violence perpetrated by unidentified armed individuals in the Sahel: The case of Burkina Faso	0
No context is too challenging: Promoting, doing and achieving inclusion in the humanitarian response in South Sudan	0
The protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law: The ICRC's 2020 Guidelines	0
Protection of persons with disabilities in armed conflict under international humanitarian law and Islamic law	0
Time for “environmentarian corridors”? Investigating the concept of safe passage to protect the environment during armed conflict	0
Opening Pandora's box: The case of Mexico and the threshold of non-international armed conflicts	0
Military chaplains and equivalent religious personnel under international humanitarian law	0
Unveiling claims of discrimination based on nationality in the context of occupation under international humanitarian and human rights law	0
The question of definition: Armed banditry in Nigeria's North-West in the context of international humanitarian law	0
No longer the “forgotten victims of armed conflict”: Operational and legal considerations for accountability mechanisms regarding crimes affecting persons with disabilities	0
The importance of food systems in a climate crisis for peace and security in the Sahel	0
Advancing rights and inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action: a donor perspective	0
Rethinking direct participation in hostilities and continuous combat function in light of targeting members of terrorist non-State armed groups	0
The ICRC's approach to peace: Interview with Eva Svoboda	0
The obligation to prevent environmental harm in relation to armed conflict	0
International humanitarian law, jus post bellum and transformative justice	0
The humanitarian impact of armed violence on communities – the Americas perspective: Interview with Sophie Orr	0
Civility, Barbarism, and the Evolution of International Humanitarian Law: Who Do the Laws of War Protect? Edited by Matt Killingsworth and Tim McCormack	0
Interview with Yero Baldeh and Amel Hamza	0
Assessing the authority of the ICRC Customary IHL Study	0
“A season in hell”: The Rwandan genocide and the ICRC's Fundamental Principles	0
Advancing honour and dignity in death for victims of armed conflicts: Exploring the challenges and opportunities of AI and machine learning in humanitarian forensic action under IHL	0
The use of facial recognition for targeting under international law	0
Interview with Roberto Carlos Vidal López	0
“The Spanish Henri Dunant” of the Institut de Droit International, Nicasio Landa (1830–1891)	0
Symbiosis in violence: A case study from Sierra Leone of the international humanitarian law implications of parties to the conflict engaging in organized crime	0
Restoring dignity by granting rights: IHL and peacebuilding empowerment for Magdalena River fishing communities in Colombia	0
Equality of belligerents between States and armed groups: Proposal for a new definition of the principle of equality in non-international armed conflicts	0
De-dehumanization: Practicing humanity	0
The role of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in the development of international humanitarian law: Lessons learned and perspectives based on the Belgian Red Cross experience	0
IRC volume 105 issue 924 Cover and Front matter	0
Interview with Itonde Kakoma	0
Cultural evolution: Protecting “digital cultural property” in armed conflict	0
Inviolability in the digital era: The ICRC’s Agreement on Privileges and Immunities with Luxembourg	0
Interview with Marja Lehto	0
From invisibility to positive legal protection: The drafting of Article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities	0
IRC volume 105 issue 923 Cover and Front matter	0
How international humanitarian law develops: Towards an ever-greater humanization? An interview with Theodor Meron	0
It's all relative: The origins, legal character and normative content of the humanitarian principles	0
The origins and influence of victim assistance: Contributions of the Mine Ban Treaty, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Convention on Cluster Munitions	0
A case study on War Poses	0