General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Papers
(The median citation count of General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-06-01 to 2025-06-01.)
ArticleCitations
Enhancing identification of early-stage lung adenocarcinomas through solid component analysis of three-dimensional computed tomography images27
Lateral approach using grasping technic for uniportal major lung resection25
Diagnosis of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation is important22
Is the QRS duration useful for determining the optimal timing of pulmonary valve replacement after tetralogy of Fallot repair?21
Hemodynamic predictors of negative false lumen remodeling after frozen elephant trunk for acute aortic dissection17
Radial artery vs saphenous vein grafts for sequential coronary bypass grafting as a second conduit for the left coronary territory17
Intraoperative margin assessment by wireless signals in thoracoscopic anterior (S3) segmentectomy using a radiofrequency identification marker16
Evaluating air leakage from staple line reinforcements in anatomical pulmonary resection (AIRSTOP): a prospective randomized controlled trial protocol16
Impact of frailty on the long-term outcomes of elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma16
A successful trimodality therapy for difficult-to-diagnose primary mediastinal dedifferentiated liposarcoma, which originated from the perihilar fat and invaded the right lungs16
Computed tomography-guided lymphangiography from the para-aortic lymph node: a useful approach for chylothorax after esophagectomy14
Preemptive fenestrated endovascular repair aimed at perfusion of cervical branches in acute type B aortic dissection13
Uniportal left S1 + 2 segmentectomy12
Improving survival after pulmonary metastasectomy for sarcoma: analysis of prognostic factors11
Comparison of radiological and pathological tumor sizes in resected non-small cell lung cancer11
Aortic wall degeneration late after ascending aortic wrapping11
Combined cardiac surgery procedures and liver transplant: a single-center experience11
Outcomes of lung cancer surgery in patients with COVID-19 history: a single center cohort study10
Comparison of new-onset post-operative atrial fibrillation between patients receiving carvedilol and metoprolol after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery10
A prospective comparative study of thoracoscopic transareolar and uniportal approaches for young male patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax8
Letter to Editor: Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on acute kidney injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass: a retrospective, single-center study8
Pectus cross bars increase hospital readmission rates due to serous pleural effusion8
Efficacy, safety, and optimal timing of single-trocar video-assisted flexible thoracoscopic debridement under local anesthesia for complicated parapneumonic empyema8
Risk factor analysis for aortic dissection after aortic valve replacement in patients with tricuspid aortic valve8
Utility of interfacility patient transfer after radiofrequency identification marker placement for precise sublobar resection of small pulmonary nodules7
Long-term results of one-and-a-half ventricle repair with open azygos vein7
Novel transparent patch as an adjunct to adult pulmonary valve replacement7
Clinical features and treatment of bronchial rupture of pulmonary hydatid cyst in children: a retrospective study of 36 patients7
Ground glass opacity: can we correlate radiological and histological features to plan clinical decision making?7
Surgical aortic valve replacement provides better left ventricular mass regression than transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with small aortic annulus7
Brachial plexus injury and upper rib fracture after median sternotomy in cardiac surgery7
Segmentectomy versus lobectomy: does FEV1.0 change accurately reflect the postoperative cardiopulmonary function?7
A sealant with a hemostatic mechanism independent of the blood coagulation function was effective in both elective and emergency surgery for thoracic aorta6
Letter to Editor: Incidence and risk factors of acute cholecystitis after cardiovascular surgery6
Advances and safe use of energy devices in lung cancer surgery6
Vagus nerve/recurrent laryngeal nerve ratio: proposal of a new parameter predicting left vocal cord palsy using intraoperative nerve monitoring during esophagectomy6
Comparison of early recurrence in young-onset primary spontaneous pneumothorax following surgery using different covering methods6
Association between frailty and long-term outcomes among patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery via median sternotomy6
Non-stapling thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax in young patients6
Single-stage repair of the right aortic arch with Kommerell diverticulum through the right thoracotomy with SIRC approach6
Postoperative outcomes of valve reoperation are associated with the number of previous cardiac operations6
Outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for complicated type B acute aortic dissection from a multicenter Japanese post-market surveillance study6
No survival benefit of primary tumor resection for non-small cell lung cancer patients with unexpectedly detected pleural disseminated nodules in the era of targeted therapy6
Two cases of catastrophic deterioration and multiple leaflet detachment in Trifecta valves6
Peripheral pulmonary mucous gland adenoma with a cavity mimicking lung cancer6
Sequential composite BIMA grafting for 3v-CAD: factors that predict successful outcome of the one-inflow and two-inflow revascularization techniques6
Video-assisted thoracoscopic tracheal resection with only endobronchial intubation6
Acknowledgment to reviewers5
Postoperative results of the in situ fenestrated open stent technique for acute aortic dissection type A5
Modification of the Nuss procedure: the crossed bar technique for new subtypes of pectus excavatum5
Externally mounted versus internally mounted leaflet aortic bovine pericardial bioprosthesis: meta-analysis5
Postoperative pneumothorax occurrence in patients with Marfan syndrome5
Septic pulmonary embolism secondary to prosthetic conduit fungal endocarditis in a child5
Self-expandable transcatheter valve is a potentially useful option for a failing small surgical aortic bioprosthetic valve5
Predictors of late outcomes after concomitant tricuspid valve repair with left-sided valve surgery5
“Critical insights into the analysis of the changes in health‑related quality of life and employment status after surgery in patients with lung cancer”5
Strict control of phosphorus concentration of hemodialysis patients may decrease structural valve deterioration after aortic valve replacement5
Minimally invasive surgery for anterior flail chest injury in the acute phase: series of 10 cases5
IABP use and outcomes in cardiac valvular surgery: a closer look!5
Correction: Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries in Japan during 20205
Hypercoagulable state and effect of low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis on coagulation after lung cancer resection: results from thrombo-elastography4
A comparative analysis of segmentectomy-aswere medicated withinsociated factors influencing bronchial tortuosity in early-stage left upper lung cancer4
Splenic infarction after left upper lobectomy: a report of a case4
Risks factors of adverse clinical outcomes in asymptomatic mitral regurgitation patients with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis4
Near-infrared spectroscopy device selection affects intervention management for cerebral desaturation during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery4
The effect of adding an open distal anastomosis to proximal aneurysm repairs in bicuspid aortopathy4
Application of “suction-guided stapling” during uniportal thoracoscopic major lung resection4
Preoperative physical activity is associated with prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing thoracoscopic–laparoscopic esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy4
Pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis at a single Japanese center: 20 years of experience4
Proposal of a new classification: “sealed type” postinfarction left ventricular free wall rupture4
A comparison between stand-alone left atrial appendage occlusion and resection as a method of preventing cardiogenic thromboembolic stroke4
Pannus-related left main trunk ostial stenosis after aortic valve replacement4
Tranexamic acid after cardiopulmonary bypass does not increase risk of postoperative seizures: a retrospective study4
Contemporary surgical management of complete atrioventricular septal defect with tetralogy of Fallot in Japan4
Enteric-type thymic adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review focusing on prognosis based on histological subtypes4
Single lung transplantation using a lung graft from a donor whose contralateral lung is not suitable for lung transplantation4
STAT3 activation in thymic epithelial tumors: correlation with cyclin D1, JAK3, and clinical behavior4
Risk factors for distal stent graft-induced new entry after frozen elephant trunk procedure in chronic aortic dissection4
Upper partial sternal split for pediatric cardiac surgery4
Surgical outcomes of the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt: risk factors of post-operative acute events and effectiveness of regulation of pulmonary blood flow with metal clips4
Correction to: Prognostic significance of preoperative to postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen ratio after lobectomy for lung adenocarcinoma4
Letter to editor: to cover or not to cover, to promote adhesions or not? Comment on: “comparison of early recurrence in young-onset primary spontaneous pneumothorax following surgery using different c4
An accurate prediction of negative lymph node metastasis with consideration of glucose metabolism in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer4
Differences of mid-term outcomes in debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair between zone 0 and zone 1–2 landing4
The efficacy of rhomboid intercostal block for pain management after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized-controlled trial4
Computed tomography radiomics-based distinction of invasive adenocarcinoma from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules with bubble-like signs4
Postoperative pulmonary function of patients with lung cancer and interstitial lung abnormalities4
Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract with severe calcification: lantern procedure4
Impact of the expanded indication of robot-assisted thoracic surgery for mediastinal tumors4
Trends in open lobectomy outcomes for lung cancer over the last 15 years: national cohort4
Learning curve of robotic surgery for lung cancer: analysis for two surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic3
WTAP-mediated m6A modification on BASP1 mRNA contributes to ferroptosis in AAA3
Limited upper mini-sternotomy approach for closed heart surgery in the newborns and infants3
Evaluation of the blood flow in reconstructed gastric tube and its relation to anastomosis leakage3
The importance of diaphragmatic surgery, chemical pleurodesis and postoperative hormonal therapy in preventing recurrence in catamenial pneumothorax: a retrospective cohort study3
Association between recovery from desaturation after stair climbing and postoperative complications in lung resection3
Real-world observation of pain scores using patient-reported outcome measures in lung cancer surgery3
One-step thoracotomy approach for atrial-esophageal fistula repair without cardiopulmonary bypass3
Successful thoracoscopic resection of an esophageal bronchogenic cyst3
Evaluation of myocardial work changes after lung resection—the significance of surgical approach: an echocardiographic comparison between VATS and thoracotomy3
A case of tricuspid atresia with pulmonary valve absence coexisting coronary-right ventricular fistula3
Radial artery versus right mammary artery: the fight is always open, and statistics rule3
Comparison of the short-term outcomes and the incidence of post-thoracotomy pain syndrome between dual-portal and multi-portal robotic-assisted thoracic surgery3
Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in coronary artery bypass surgery: the role of local anesthetic volume—a prospective, randomized study3
Extensive aortic root endocarditis caused ventricular septal rupture3
Feasibility and safety of uniport robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in initial series of anatomical pulmonary resections under learning curve3
CircRUNX1 drives the malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma through mediating the miR-5195-3p/HMGB3 network3
Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries in Japan during 20203
Aortic floating thrombus in patients with COVID-19: a report of eight cases3
To cross or not to cross pectus bars: is this already a dilemma?3
Correction to: Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors after aortic valve surgery in patients with Takayasu arteritis3
Comprehensive multi-modality treatment of thoracic aorta pseudoaneurysms: a single-center experience3
An independent prognostic factor in surgical cases of pleural empyema caused by common bacteria is the presence of a fistula3
Intraoperative robotic surgical system-related problems in robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery3
Comparison of long-term outcomes between off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using Japanese nationwide cardiovascular surgery database3
Robotic portal right upper sleeve lobectomy with pulmonary arterioplasty3
Long-term results of the frozen elephant trunk technique in primary chronic type B aortic dissection3
Surgical indication of pulmonary metastasis arising from osteosarcoma or soft tissue sarcoma3
Successful bridge to transplantation with long-term support using Berlin heart EXCOR in a child with failing Fontan3
Positive bag lavage cytology during thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer is a significant predictor of locoregional recurrence3
A novel approach to the lung apex avoiding dissection of severe pleural adhesions2
Acknowledgment to reviewers2
A 30 year experience of truncus arteriosus repair at a single institution: usefulness of staged approach for complicated lesions2
Validation of the simplified cough symptom score in non-small cell lung cancer patients after surgery2
Cardioprotective effect of St. Thomas’ Hospital No. 2 solution against age-related changes in aquaporin-7-deficient mice2
Mitral valve surgery for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: predicting recurrent mitral regurgitation and mid-term outcome2
Prosthetic vascular graft rupture caused by claw-type rib fixation strut: a case report2
Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer: the current opinions and future perspectives of thoracic surgeons in Japan2
Myocardial ischemia risk in Fontan candidates with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum2
Relationship between walking distance within the first 24 h following lung cancer surgery and clinical outcomes2
Three-dimensional image simulation for lung segmentectomy from unenhanced computed tomography data2
Simultaneous transapical transcatheter aortic and mitral valve replacement in patients with severe valve dysfunction: initial experience2
Which pneumothorax volume/size measurement method can best predict surgical indication in primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients? A comparison of six different methods2
Novel pulmonary abdominal normothermic regional perfusion circuit for simultaneous in-donor evaluation and preservation of lungs and abdominal organs in donation after circulatory death2
Translational model of vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass graft in atherosclerotic microswine2
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair of a ruptured acute type B aortic dissection presenting with right hemothorax: a case report and review of the literature2
Prognostic value of TCBI for short-term outcomes in ATAD patients undergoing surgery2
Type A aortic dissection with left coronary malperfusion2
Incidence and risk factors of acute cholecystitis after cardiovascular surgery2
Factors related to clinical outcomes in blunt thoracic injuries2
Novel three-dimensional image simulation for lung segmentectomy developed with surgeons’ perspective2
Contemporary short-term outcomes of surgery for aortic stenosis: transcatheter vs. surgical aortic valve replacement2
Study on the relationship among typhoon, climate change, and acute Stanford type A aortic dissection in southern of Zhejiang in China2
Optimal size of Frozenix for true thoracic aneurysms: is downsizing an option?2
A simple closure method for a mechanical aortic valve in left ventricular assist device implantation2
Prognostic factors for pulmonary carcinoid with positive lymph node after surgical resection: a SEER database study2
Safety and efficacy of salvage surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study of 46 patients from four Keio-affiliated hospitals2
Artificial pneumothorax suppresses postoperative inflammatory reaction in mediastinal tumor surgery2
Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries in Japan during 20232
Short- and Midterm outcomes of modified robotic tricuspid annuloplasty for secondary tricuspid regurgitation2
Impact of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation on outcomes in heart transplantation with higher risk donor heart2
Presurgical assessment of flow variability in an azygos vein aneurysm using 4D-flow MRI2
Bioprosthetic versus mechanical valves for mitral valve replacement in patients < 70 years: an updated pairwise meta-analysis2
Long-term outcomes after aortic valve surgery in patients with aortic regurgitation with preserved ejection fraction and left ventricular dilation2
Is surgery a risk factor for contralateral recurrence pneumothorax in adolescent with primary spontaneous pneumothorax?2
Impacts of complications after esophageal cancer surgery on health-related quality of life and nutritional status2
Removal of a frozen elephant trunk using a polyvinyl tube2
Anatomical lung resection for left lung cancer after thoracic aortic replacement2
Anatomical resection for right B3 downwards-shifting malformation2
Survival impact of pathologic features after salvage lung resection following definitive chemoradiotherapy or systemic therapy for initially unresectable lung cancer2
The effect of lobar shifting following right upper lobectomy on postoperative pulmonary function2
Effects of continuous erector spinae plane block on postoperative pain in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled study2
Successful lung transplantation after prone positioning in an ineligible donor: a case report2
Aortic floating thrombus and COVID‑192
Coronary ostial angioplasty for juvenile Takayasu arteritis involving the coronary artery using external iliac artery grafts2
Predictive factors for size change of aorta in patients with acute blunt traumatic aortic injury2
Modifying strategies for SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction during mesenchymal stem cell transplantation2
Effectiveness and safety of a newly introduced multidisciplinary perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for thoracic esophageal cancer surgery2
Influence of preoperative and intraoperative factors on recovery after aortic root surgery2
First case of major lung resection using the hinotori™ surgical robot system2
Impact of radiation to the eye of operators during endo-cardiovascular surgery and the importance of protection2
Prognostic nomogram and novel risk-scoring system for small cell lung cancer with different patterns of metastases2
A comparative study of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and conventional approaches for short-term outcomes of anatomical segmentectomy2
Performance of the ENSEAL X1 Curved Jaw Tissue Sealer in thoracic procedures in a Japanese cohort: a case series report2
Transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve implantation with bioprosthetic balloon expandable valve2
Correction: Preemptive fenestrated endovascular repair aimed at perfusion of cervical branches in acute type B aortic dissection2
Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis2
Totally thoracoscopic versus standard VATS lobectomies: perioperative differences2
Surgical treatment for tracheal stent prolapse in a patient with blunt tracheal trauma2
Mid-term results of mitral valve reconstruction with autologous pericardial patch for active infective endocarditis with extensive leaflet destruction2
Prognosis after non-surgical therapy for acute type A aortic dissection2
Multivariate analysis of the factors affecting medical students’ decision to join the cardiovascular surgery department1
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and post-operative drainage: a comparison of patients with aortic stenosis versus coronary artery disease1
Meta-analysis of BITA versus SITA grafting in diabetic patients: evidence from propensity score-matched studies1
Tension pneumothorax decompression with colorimetric capnography: pilot case series1
The impact of prognostic nutrition index on the waitlist mortality of lung transplantation1
Usefulness of a temporary shunt by cannulation during superior vena cava combined resection1
Intraoperative echocardiographic indicator for optimal bilateral pulmonary artery banding1
Proximal versus extensive repair in acute type A aortic dissection: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis1
Immunocompetent cells in durable ventricular assist device-implanted non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy1
Impact of sarcopenia on early and mid-term outcomes of surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in octogenarians1
Single direct right axillary artery cannulation using a modified Seldinger technique in minimally invasive cardiac surgery1
Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant triplet chemotherapy1
15-year outcomes of the JOCRI study (JOCRIED study): a randomised comparison of off-pump and on-pump multiple arterial coronary revascularisation1
Validity of surgical decision based on intraoperative frozen section diagnosis for unconfirmed pulmonary nodules with previous malignancy1
Determining optimal pretreatment in cardiac surgery: an experimental study1
Impact of preoperative comorbidities on postoperative complication rate and outcome in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients1
Effects of temperature on transient neurologic dysfunction after total arch replacement1
Clinical efficacy of digital chest drainage system in cardiac valve surgery1
Advantages of applying digital chest drainage system for postoperative management of patients following pulmonary resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials1
Repeated aortic dissection in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease1
Effect of malnutrition and frailty status on surgical aortic valve replacement1
Analysis of the changes in health-related quality of life and employment status after surgery in patients with lung cancer: a single-center longitudinal study1
Stapler-lavage cytology using a new rapid immunocytochemistry for evaluating surgical margin status after pulmonary sublobar resection1
Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries in Japan during 20191
Autologous cell salvage in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery reduces post-operative complications: a retrospective weighted-matching analysis1
Diagnosis of Carney complex following multiple recurrent cardiac myxomas1
Implications for prosthesis selection in dialysis patients undergoing aortic valve replacement1
Tracheal stenosis following mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection without history of tracheal intubation: a case report1
The usefulness of nonabsorbable polymer clips for the closure of supra-aortic vessels’ stump1
Short-term effects of preoperative nutritional intervention in lung surgery for malignant tumors: a single-center prospective study1
Compression brace for secondary pectus carinatum in infants and toddlers undergoing cardiac surgery with midline sternotomy1
Modified composite-graft technique for aortic root replacement1
Safety and outcomes of surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation in emergency surgery cases1
Stagnating blood flow related to thrombus formation in pulmonary vein stump after left upper lobectomy1
Intra‑aortic balloon pump in heart surgery1
Chunnel debranching for hybrid repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm1
The effect of spironolactone in reducing the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: randomized single-blind placebo-controlled study1
A prospective randomized controlled study to assess the effectiveness of super FIXSORB WAVE® for sternal stabilization after sternotomy1
Correction to: Myocardial ischemia due to radical resection of complex coronary fistulas with giant aneurysms: a case report1
A balanced mitral leaflet and large ring strategy avoids systolic anterior motion in Barlow’s disease1
A routine de-airing method for total endoscopic robot-assisted mitral valve repair1
Prognostic analysis and clinical characteristics of dual primary lung cancer: a population study based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database1
Aortic homograft for aortic valve replacement in patient with Alpha-Gal allergy1
Effects of thoracic sympathetic stimulation on palmar perfusion: a preliminary study in pigs1
Temporary epicardial pacing wires post-cardiac surgery: a literature review1
Clinical outcomes of continuous flow left ventricular assist device therapy as bridge to transplant strategy in muscular dystrophy: a single-center study1
Acknowledgment to reviewers1
Wedge extended bronchoplasty with caliber adjustment by membranous suture1
Right transaxillary transcatheter aortic valve replacement is comparable to left despite challenges1
Incidence and outcomes of surgical site infection after cardiovascular surgery (complete republication)1
Successful transfemoral-transcatheter aortic valve replacement in high-risk patients with a grade 4 atheroma in the ascending aorta: cerebral protection with a filter device1
Long-term outcomes of combined pulmonary endarterectomy and additional balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension1
Successful lung transplant cases with ex vivo lung perfusion assessment of extended criteria donor lungs1
The Japanese society for cardiovascular surgery, the Japanese association for thoracic surgery and the Japanese association for coronary artery surgery do not endorse Chapter 7.1 in the 2021 ACC/AHA/S1
Long-term outcomes of transapical-transcatheter aortic valve replacement1
Analysis of postoperative weight loss associated with prognosis after sublobar resections for lung cancer1
Residual middle lobectomy after right upper or lower lobectomy: indications and outcome1
Surgical repair for systolic anterior motion of anterior mitral leaflet due to mitral annular calcification1
Early postoperative pulmonary complications after minimally invasive esophagectomy in the prone position: incidence and perioperative risk factors from the perspective of anesthetic management1
Recruitment maneuvers in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis1
A novel program of cadaver surgical training for young surgeons at the Clinical Anatomy Laboratory Nagoya (CALNA)1
Clover stitch technique for aortic valve in mitral valve repair1
Minimally invasive cardiac surgeries in 2021: annual report by Japanese society of minimally invasive cardiac surgery1
Neck vessels geometry and diameter change in patients with acute type A aortic dissection1
Early thrombus formation including hypo-attenuated leaflet thrombosis after surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement1
Surgical outcomes of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement via right mini-thoracotomy for hemodialysis patients1
Anatomical variants of pulmonary segments and uni-portal thoracoscopic segmentectomy for lung cancer in a patient with Kartagener syndrome: a case report1
Optimal timing of bridging annuloplasty and patch augmentation for heterotaxy syndrome associated with functional single ventricles1
Setting a quality indicator for actual surgery time relative to scheduled surgery time in the context of increasing robotic-assisted thoracic surgery cases1
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