Journal of Surgical Education

Article	Citations
Masthead	65
Development of a Tool to Assess Surgical Resident Competence On-Call: The Western University Call Assessment Tool (WUCAT)	55
Conflict Competence Among Resident Physicians: Knowledge and Perception	52
Advancing Resident Training: Embracing Robotic Surgery in Emergency General Surgery	46
Orthopaedic Residency Compensation and Cost of Living: Are Orthopaedic Residents Financially Strained?	44
Masthead	43
Progression of Academic Surgical Residents to Higher Academic Training and Associations With Protected Characteristics: A UK Cohort Study	41
Away Rotations at Integrated Thoracic Surgery Programs: Applicant and Program Director Perspectives	40
Table of Contents	40
Revisiting Medical Student Expectations on the Surgery Clerkship	40
Competency in Robotic Surgery: Standard Setting for Robotic Suturing Using Objective Assessment and Expert Evaluation	37
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Plastic Surgery: Where Do We Stand? Highlighting Overlooked Issues in Efforts to Improve Representation	35
The Right Way to Teach Lefties – Exploring the Experiences of Left-Handed Trainees and Surgeons	34
Objective Test Scores Throughout Orthopedic Surgery Residency Suggest Disparities in Training Experience	34
Impact of Question Bank Use for In-Training Examination Preparation by OBGYN Residents – A Multicenter Study	31
Evaluating the Impact of Supervision on Surgical Trainees Stress Response During Simulated Surgical Procedures; A Crossover Randomized Trial	31
Patient Perceptions of Resident Involvement in Surgery: A Qualitative Study Using Surgical Video	30
Bias in Surgical Residency Evaluations: A Scoping Review	30
The Surgical Trainer	30
Analyzing Diversity Elements on Otolaryngology Residency Program Websites	30
Factors Associated With Resident Research Success: An Analysis of Canadian General Surgery Trainees	29
Leadership Coaching in Surgical Residency: Reasons for Referral and Topics Addressed to Improve Nontechnical Skill	27
Kar Seva	26
Effect of Feedback Modality on Simulated Surgical Skills Learning Using Automated Educational Systems– A Four-Arm Randomized Control Trial	25
Surgeons Are Not Pilots: Is the Aviation Safety Paradigm Relevant to Modern Surgical Practice?	25

Do Interns Learn On-The-Job How to Obtain Proper Informed Consent for Surgical Procedures?	25
“You Remember Those Days”—A Qualitative Study of Resident Surgeon Responses to Complications and Deaths	24
How Do Resident Surgeons Identify Operative Case Complexity? An Analysis of Resident versus Attending Perceptions	24
Resident Remediation: A National Survey of Urology Program Directors	24
Table of Contents	23
Mental 3D Visualization: Building Surgical Resilience for Performing High-Risk Procedures	23
Penny Wise, Pound Foolish: The Troubling Parallels of Corporatization in the Aviation Industry and Academic Surgery	22
Comparing Behavioral and Neural Activity Changes During Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery Trainings	21
Should Robotic Surgery Training Become a General Surgery Residency Requirement? A National Survey of Program Directors in Surgery	20
Improving Mental Health Support, Career Transitions and Access to Health Care for Surgical Residents	20
Inequities at the Transition to Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency	19
Is Specific Consent for Educational Sensitive Exams on Anesthetized Patients Necessary? Arguments for and Against From Canadian Medical Students	19
Improving Patient and Physician Outcomes Through LGBTQ+ Pedagogical Interventions in Surgical Training and Practice	19
Surgical Trainees and The Geriatric Patient: A Scoping Review	19
The Flipped Operating Room: Establishing Best Practices in Surgical Education Using Resident-Initiated, Inquiry-Based Preoperative Briefing: Resident-Initiated Preoperative Briefing	19
Promoting Surgical Resident Well-being Through Therapist-Facilitated Discussion Groups: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis	18
Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery Fellowship Programs: Filling a Gap in Surgical Training?	18
The Film Room: Using Artificial Intelligence to Facilitate Video Review for Urology Trainees	18
Autonomy Maps: Building a Shared Mental Model for Progressive Resident Operative Autonomy on the Road to Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs)	18
Trends in Resident Supervision and Patient Outcomes of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies Within the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System	18
Surgeons vs ChatGPT: Assessment and Feedback Performance Based on Real Surgical Scenarios	18
Out of Touch: A Nationwide Mixed-Methods e-Learning Needs Assessment of General Surgery Residents	18
Clarifying the Role of the Modern General Surgeon: The Effect of Specialization on Inpatient Practice Patterns in General Surgery	18
Misperceptions and Missed Opportunities: A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers to Evaluating Surgical Teachers	17
Impact of Research Training on Performance in General Surgery Residency	17
Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Behavior Change After Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Surgical Non-Technical Skills Training Program in Rwanda	17
Program Director Opinions of Virtual Interviews: Whatever Makes my Partners Happy	17
Can Good Intraoperative Judgement Be Taught?: Pediatric Neurosurgeons’ Pedagogical Approaches to Training Residents on Intraoperative Decision-Making	17
TrustEd: A Tool for Developing Intraoperative Entrustment Skills	17
Is Online Video-Based Education an Effective Method to Teach Basic Surgical Skills to Students and Surgical Trainees? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	16
How I Do It: Improving Resident Led Medical Student Education With Premade Chalk Talks	16
Essential Competencies for the Success of International Medical Graduates in Surgical Training: A Comparative Study of Trainee and Faculty Perspectives	16
The Price of Productivity: Evaluating the Cost of a Research Year	16
Trainee Reliance on Public Service Loan Forgiveness	15
Simulation as Soothsayer: Simulated Surgical Skills MMIs During Residency Interviews are Associated With First Year Residency Performance	15
Table of Contents & Bacode	15
Application of a Validated Assessment Tool to Compare Autonomy and Operative Performance Between Surgical Residency Programs	15
The Virtual Recruitment Onion: Peeling Back the Layers of the Interview Season During the COVID-era	15
Transforming Perceptions: The Impact of a Formal Parental Leave Policy on Surgical Trainees	15
Masthead	15
Piloting a National Curricular Resource for the Transition to Surgical Residency: Characteristics of Participating Schools and Their Students	15
Preparing for the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Exam: A Survey of Residents in Obstetrics & Gynecology	15
Enhancing the Value of Surgical Entrustable Professional Activities through Integrative Learning Analytics	15
Operative Performance and Autonomy Across Training Years: Does a Preliminary Year Matter?	15
The Versius Variation: A Novel Technique for Robotic Training	15
Virtual non-technical skills assessment training is an effective, scalable approach for novice raters	14
The Kidney Transplant: Maintaining Excellent Outcomes While Increasing Skills Acquisition	14
Urology Residents Simulation Training Improves Clinical Outcomes in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy	14
Underrepresented in Medicine Applicants are Less Likely to Successfully Match into Plastic Surgery	14
A Systematic Review of Simulation-Based Training Tools in Plastic Surgery	14

Implementation and Impact Evaluation of a Virtual Orthopaedic Continuing Medical Education Conference in a Low-Resource Country	14
The Hidden Burden: Qualitative Differences in How URiM Students Experience the Clinical Microenvironment	14
A National Mixed-Methods Evaluation of General Surgery Residency Program Responsiveness and the Association with Resident Wellness	14
Validation of a High-Fidelity Fracture Fixation Model for Skill Acquisition in Orthopedic Surgery Residents	14
Moving the Needle on Global Surgery Education in the US	14
Future Surgical Leaders: Resident Perception Of Longitudinal Leadership And Non-Technical Skills Curriculum	14
Gender Differences in Self-Description: A Linguistic Analysis of Orthopedic Surgery Residency Application Personal Statements	14
Bursting the Hidden Curriculum Bubble: A Surgical Near-Peer Mentorship Pilot Program for URM Medical Students	13
Masthead	13
Video Coaching: A National Survey of Surgical Residency Program Directors	13
Resident Training for Successful Professional Interactions	13
Ready Day One: What Residents and Program Directors Think is Needed for a Successful Transition to Residency	13
A Scoping Review of the Literature on Entrustable Professional Activities in Surgery Residency Programs	13
Natural Language Processing to Estimate Clinical Competency Committee Ratings	13
Table of Contents & Bacode	13
Residency Application Selection Committee Discriminatory Ability in Identifying Artificial Intelligence-Generated Personal Statements	13
Sewing the SEAMs: Surgical Education in the Art Museum	13
Rural Surgery Experiences in General Surgery Residency Training—The Current State an ACGME Sponsored Survey of General Surgery Program Directors	13
Enhanced Stress Resilience Training for UK Surgical Trainees; Effect and Evolution Evaluated	13
Examining Implicit Bias Differences in Pediatric Surgical Fellowship Letters of Recommendation Using Natural Language Processing	13
Impact of Mentoring for Underrepresented Groups in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review	13
Advancing Cultural Competency and Equity in Surgical Specialties (ACCESS): A Model for a Combined Resident and Faculty DEI Initiative	13
Masthead	13
Digital Training Resources in the Dutch Surgical Residency Curricula and the Perspectives of Residents: A Thematic Analysis of Resident Interviews	12
Optimizing Transitions of Care and Enhancing Surgical Education on Acute Care Surgery: A Multi-Institutional Survey Study	12
Exploring the Value of Peer Letters of Recommendation in the Holistic Review of Surgery Residency Applications: A Qualitative Study	12
Surgery 360° Assessment Tool: Informing the Clinical Competency Committee with Nonfaculty Feedback on the “Soft Skills”	12
Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Institutional Virtual Urology Course for Medical Students	12
Mentoring on Orthopedic Surgery Clinical Rotations: A Survey of Mentor Effectiveness on Student Mentees Compared to an Unmentored Control Group	12
Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Surgical Skills of Urology Resident Applicants: Four-Year Experience	12
Digital vs Conventional OSCE in Orthopedic Surgery: A Feasibility Cross-Sectional Study	12
Adapting to a Robotic Era: The Transferability of Open and Laparoscopic Skills to Robotic Surgery	12
Building a Trainee-led Research Community to Propel Academic Productivity in Health Services Research	12
Operative Experience of Esophageal Surgery among General Surgery Residents in the United States: An Analysis of ACGME Operative Case Logs	12
Ethical Considerations Regarding Global Surgery Experiences in Canadian General Surgery Residencies: A Preliminary Discussion	12
Medical School Characteristics Associated with Matched Otolaryngology Residency Applicants	12
Validity Evidence for Vascular Skills Assessment: The Feasibility of Fundamentals of Vascular Surgery in General Surgery Residency	12
Table of Contents & Bacode	11
Evaluating the Impact of Surgical Residents on Hospital Quality and Operational Metrics	11
Implementation and Impact of an Adapted Digital Perioperative Competency-Building Tool to Enhance Teaching, Learning And Feedback in Postgraduate Competency-Based Medical Education	11
Underrepresentation of African Americans in Plastic Surgery: Examining Demographics, Specialty Factors, and Medical School Experiences	11
Table of Contents & Bacode	11
Surgery Acting Internship Individual Learning Plans: Fostering Mentorship in the COVID-19 Era	11
Have Degree, Will Travel? Geography and Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Match	11
Improving the Team Response to Surgical Airway Emergencies: A Simulation-based, Multidisciplinary Approach to Quality Improvement	11
Trends in Female Plastic Surgery Resident Authorship - Signs of Changing Times?	11
Table of Contents & Bacode	11
“Surgeon’s Training Matters”. A proposal for a more comprehensive approach to surgical education.	11
Coverage of Fertility Preservation and Treatment Among Surgical Trainees in the United States of America	11
Predicting Academic Performance during Plastic Surgery Residency: Can Step 2 Scores Reliably Replace Step 1?	11
If You Can See It, You Can Be It: Perceptions of Diversity in Surgery Among Under-Represented Minority High School Students	10
Exploring Gender Diversity in Canadian Surgical Residency Leadership	10
Experiences and Perceptions of Ophthalmic Simulation-Based Surgical Education in Sub-Saharan Africa	10
Video Commentary & Machine Learning: Tell Me What You See, I Tell You Who You Are	10
Validation of a Surgical Objective Structured Clinical Examination (S-OSCE) Using Convergent, Divergent, And Trainee-Based Assessments of Fidelity	10
Beyond Mentorship: Walking the Talk Through Sponsorship to Support Women in Academic Surgery	10
Contemporary Cardiac Surgical Training: Is Competency–Based Education Enough? A Canadian Perspective	10
Corrigendum to “Advocating for a New Residency Application Process: A Student Perspective”. J Surg Educ. 2022 January-February; 79(1): 20–24	10
From Wilderness to the Bedside: Creating Adventurous and Mindful Physicians Entering Residency (CAMPER) by Residents for Residents to Foster Belongingness	10
Digital Professionalism in Patient Care: A Case Based Survey of Patients	10
A Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Surgical Educators: Creation of the MAISE	10
Not From Around Here: Evaluation of In-Person Interviews in an Urban General Surgery Residency Program	10
Prediction of Basic Robotic Competence for Robotic Visceral Operations Using the O-Score within the “Robotic Curriculum for Young Surgeons” (RoCS)	10
Changes in Medical Student Perceptions of Surgery Are Sustainable Through Focused Preclinical Surgical Exposure	10
Effect of Surgical Team Communication on Adherence to Opioid Discharge Guidelines in Post-Operative Inpatients	10
Allopathic and Osteopathic Residents Perform Similarly on the Orthopedic In-Training Examination (OITE)	10
Competency Assessment of General Surgery Trainees: A Perspective From the Global South, in a CBME-Naive Context	9
Bias Perpetuates Bias: ChatGPT Learns Gender Inequities in Academic Surgery Promotions	9
A Focus Group Discussion Study Exploring General Surgery Trainees’ Views on Evidence-Based Medicine Within Their Training Program in the United Kingdom	9
Influence of Applicant Interview Format Choice on Demographics and Outcomes from the Residency Match	9
Demographics and Characteristics of Vice Chairs in Academic Orthopaedic Surgery Programs: A Descriptive Study	9
Are Age, Sex, or Race and Ethnicity Associated With Performance on the OBGYN NBME Exam and Clerkship?	9
Author Index	9
Understanding Impostorism in the Pediatric Surgeon	9
Identification of Leadership Behaviors that Impact General Surgery Junior Residents’ Well-being: A Needs Assessment in a Single Academic Center	9
Surgical Innovation Discovery Course: Utilizing Surgical Trainee Agile Innovation and Empowerment (STAIR) Framework to Promote Innovation Amongst Surgical Residents	9
The Role of Online Videos in Teaching Procedural Skills in Postgraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review	9
Robotic-Assisted Surgery Training (RAST): Assessment of Surgeon Console Ergonomic Skills	9
Use of Low-Cost Task Trainer for Emergency Department Thoracotomy Training in General Surgery Residency Program	9
Attitudes Among General Surgery Program Directors and Faculty Toward Openly Nonheterosexual Applicants	9

Racial and Ethnic Diversity Within U.S. Residencies: Trends from 2011 to 2019	9
Three-Dimension Sawbone Models and Shadow-Play: A Low-Cost Approach to Improve Orthopedic Plain Radiograph Reading in Medical Students	9
The Academic Impact of Advanced Clinical Fellowship Training among General Thoracic Surgeons	9
One Minute Preceptor Model: The Impact of Incorporating an Interactive Didactic Session Into Surgery Intern Orientation	9
Concordance in Intraoperative Surgeons’ Opinion in the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Appendicitis: The Role of Training	9
Feasibility of a Novel Fluoroscopic Trainer for the Orthopaedic Trainee	9
A Call for Action for an Association of Program Directors in Surgery in Mexico	9
Implementation of a Near-Peer Surgical Anatomy Teaching Program into the Surgery Clerkship	9
A Qualitative Study of the Barriers and Benefits to Resident Education in Ambulatory Surgical Centers	9
Designing a Leadership Curriculum for Otolaryngology Residents: A Mixed Methods Needs Assessment	9
Forum Theatre to Address Peer-to-Peer Mistreatment in General Surgery Residency	8
Professional Experience Modulates the Effect of Impulsiveness on Laparoscopic Simulator Performance	8
Female Representation at the Association of Program Directors in Surgery Annual Meeting: Moving Towards Gender Equality	8
Implementing Mental Practice in Postgraduate Surgical Training for Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis	8
Analysis of Surgery Residency Website Content: Implications during the COVID-19 Era	8
The Risk and Reward of Speaking Out for Racial Equity in Surgical Training	8
Persistence of Gender Bias Over Four Decades of Surgical Training	8
The Role of Three-Dimensional Modeling to Improve Comprehension of Liver Anatomy and Tumor Characteristics for Medical Students and Surgical Residents	8
Surgical Simulation in East, Central, and Southern Africa: A Multinational Survey	8
Racial and Ethnic Diversity in American Plastic Surgery Residency	8
Rural General Surgeons’ Perspectives Regarding the Provision of Surgical Care to Children	8
Development of a Surgical Research Program for Medical Students and its Short-Term Impact on Academic Productivity	8
Training of Administrative Chief Residents: Report of The Association of Program Directors in Surgery Chief Resident Workshop	8
The Need for Health Policy Training for Surgeons	8
Neuropsychological Differences Between Surgery Interns and Age-Matched Adults	8
A Multi-Center Comparison of Orthopaedic Attending and Resident Learning Styles	8
Surgical Trainee Supervision During Non-Trauma Emergency Laparotomy in Rwanda and South Africa	8
Developing a Holistic Rubric for Surgery Residency Interview Evaluations: A Pilot Study for Interview Use	8
The Spaced Learning Concept in Combination With Halsted and Peyton – A Randomized Controlled Study	8
Course Design and Learning Outcomes of a Practical Online Ergonomics Course for Surgical Residents	8
Mindfulness in Surgical Training (MiST): A Modified Mindfulness Curriculum for Surgical Residents	8
Impromptu Speaking: Teaching an Essential Leadership Skill	8
An Analysis of Preliminary General Surgery Residents’ Matriculation into Categorical Positions	8
Masthead	8
Developing a Surgical Simulation Curriculum for the Rwandan Context	8
Demographic Factors Associated With Research and Career Interests in Aspiring Academic Surgeons: What are the Implications for Tomorrow's Workforce?	8
Gendered Differences in Teaching Performance Evaluations of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents	8
Mapping the Impact of Anti-LGBT Legislation on Graduate Surgical Education	8
“It's a Big Part of Being Good Surgeons”: Surgical Trainees’ Perceptions of Error Recovery in the Operating Room	8
COVID19 Limits on Physician Shadowing Harm Undergraduate Students’ Futures	8
Ethnic/Racial Bias in Medical School Performance Evaluation of General Surgery Residency Applicants	8
Career Advancement for Surgeon-Educators:Findings from a Modified Delphi Process	7
Corrigendum to “The Attending Meritocracy: Implementation of a Novel Team-Based Approach to Provide Effective Resident Feedback in the Journal of Surgical Education” Volume 78, Issue 6, November–Decem	7
Nontechnical Skills for Surgeons as a Framework to Evaluate Cardiopulmonary Bypass Management Skills of Resident Trainees	7
Masthead	7
Promoting Longevity in Surgical Careers: A Narrative Review and Fitness Program to Reduce Occupational Pain	7
GlobalSurgBox: A Portable Surgical Simulator for Surgical Trainees Worldwide	7
Drawing for Visual Communication in Medicine: A Novel Pilot Course for Senior Medical Students	7
Integrating Sustainability Into Graduate Medical Education for Surgical Trainees	7
Standardization and Implementation of a Surgical Coaching Model for Pediatric Urology	7
Active Retrieval Improves Procedural Learning in Orthopedic Surgery	7
Usability, Acceptability, and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) Techniques in Surgical Coaching and Training: A Scoping Review	7
Do Surgery Residents Prepare Enough for Surgical Cases?	7
Trainee Utilization of the SCORE Curriculum is Associated With Improved ABSITE Performance: A Multi-institutional Study	7
Fate of Research Articles Reported by Ophthalmology Residency Applicants: What Happens to “Submitted” and “In Preparation” Articles?	7
Minority Resident Physicians’ Perspectives on the Role of Race/Ethnicity, Culture, and Gender in Their Surgical Training Experiences	7
Interventions Used to Improve Communication Competencies in Surgical Residencies: A Systematic Review	7
Measurement and Management of Cognitive Load in Surgical Education: A Narrative Review	7
How I Do It: Structured Narration for Cognitive Simulation-based Training in Robotic Surgery	7
The Fellowship Effect: Does Surgical Subspecialty Training Affect Pediatric Surgery Case Volume?	7
Medical Student Research Productivity and Matching to Orthopedic Residency Programs	7
Roll the Tape: Implementing and Harnessing the Power of Trauma Video Review	7
Descriptors in Letters of Recommendation for Otolaryngology Residency Across Gender, Race, and Time	7
Diving Under the SuRRFace: Achieving More Than Just Compliance with ACGME Scholarly Activity Mandate	7
Personal Characteristics Associated with Progression in Trauma and Orthopaedic Specialty Training: A Longitudinal Cohort Study	7
Implementation of a Standardized Sub-Intern Curriculum Improves Confidence for those Entering a Surgical Residency	7
Don't Judge a Letter by its Title: Linguistic Analysis of Letters of Recommendation by Author's Academic Rank	7
Paternity Leave During Surgical Training: Perspectives of Male Residents	7
Corrigendum to “Mindfulness in the OR: A Pilot Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Abbreviated Mindfulness Intervention on Improving Performance in the Operating Room.” Journal of Surgical Educatio	7
The Effect of a Microlearning Module on Knowledge Acquisition in Surgery Clerkship Students	7
Table of Contents	7
Relationship Between Residents’ Physiological Stress and Faculty Leadership Skills in a Department of Surgery	7
Resident Night Float or 24-hour Call Hospital Coverage: Impact on Training, Patient Outcome, and Length of Stay	7
Effect of COVID-19 Restrictions on 2021 Integrated Plastic Surgery Match Outcomes	7
The First Two Years of the Association of Pediatric Surgery Training Program Directors (APSTPD) Transition to Fellowship Course: Lessons Learned and Future Directions	7
Table of Contents & Bacode	7
Creating and Implementing a Novel Wellness-Inspired Resident Educational (WIRE) Curriculum	7
Medical Student Attitudes on Explicit Informed Consent for Pelvic Exams Under Anesthesia	7
Work Patterns and Intensity of Chinese Surgical Residents- A Multicenter Time-and-Motion Study	7
Feasibility and Evaluation of Surgical Simulation with Developed Crisis Scenarios: A Comparison of Performance by Vascular Surgery Training Paradigms	7
How I Do It: Teaching and Applying Qualitative Methods to Improve Surgical Simulation Design and Implementation	6
Personality Characteristics of Orthopedic Surgery Residents and Faculty: Cross-Sectional Study From the Profiling Orthopaedic Surgery Trainees (POST) Study Group	6
APDS Keynote Address: Finding Sean Connery, and Other Insights	6
Are You Thinking What I'm Thinking? Exploring Response Process Validity Evidence for a Workplace-based Assessment for Operative Feedback	6
So You Want to be a Program Director? Career Paths of Colon and Rectal Surgery Residency Program Directors	6
Table of Contents & Bacode	6
Masthead	6
High-Fidelity Bleeding Control Simulation Scenario During Medical Student Orientation Improves Students’ Self-Reported Ability to Identify and Treat Life-Threatening Bleeding with 3-year Follow-up	6
An Original Study: Is There an Optimal Time to Complete Dedicated Research During Surgical Residency? Twelve Years of Research Experience After PGY2 or PGY3	6
Using Electronic Health Record Meta-Data to Identify Variation in Trainee Progress Note Writing Patterns: Opportunity to Enhance Systems-Based Care	6
Collaborative Development and Implementation of a Hybrid Virtual Surgery Clerkship Curriculum in a Vietnamese Medical School	6
Simulation-Based Training for PAs: Improving Pediatric Surgical Skills in Rural Hospitals	6
How Does Geographic Region Affect the Total and Individual Costs for Medical Students Applying to the Competitive Surgical Residencies?	6
How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? Career Trajectories of United States General Surgery Residency Program Directors	6
Factors Influencing Residents’ Specialty Choices and Satisfaction: Impact of Gender, Career Motivation and Life Goals	6