IEEE Systems Journal

Article	Citations
List of Reviewers	184
Relay Power Control for In-Band Full-Duplex Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks Over Static and Time-Varying Channels	142
smartSDH: An Experimental Study of Mechanism-Based Building Control	141
Joint Cascade Vulnerability Assessment of Interdependent Power–Water Infrastructures	136
An Efficient Load-Balancing Scheme for UAVs in 5G Infrastructure	130
Reference Tracking MPC for Cyber-Physical Systems Under Denial-of-Service Attacks: An Omnidirectional Robot Application	128
Adaptive Distributed Graph Model for Multiple-Line Outage Identification in Large-Scale Power System	127
Editorial	125
Front Cover	120
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation and Subchannel Assignment for NOMA-Enabled Multiaccess Edge Computing	112
On Devices Selection in RF-Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks	105
Distributed Fault-Tolerant State Estimation for a Class of Nonlinear Systems Over Sensor Networks With Sensor Faults and Random Link Failures	103
Prosumer-Centric Self-Sustained Smart Grid Systems	101
Uncertainty Decision Modeling Approach for Control Engineering Tools to Support Industrial Cyber-Physical Metaverse Smart Manufacturing Systems	100
Cooperative Beamforming for Antieavesdropping Communications Systems	98
Secure Performance Analysis of User Pairs in Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided IoT Systems	98
2024 Index IEEE Systems Journal Vol. 18	97
The Influence of Battery Exchange Electric Vehicle and Transmission Line Age and Loading Related Failures on Power System Reliability	96
A Novel State Estimation Method for Smart Grid Under Consecutive Denial of Service Attacks	93
An Optimized Simple Strategy for Capacity Allocation in Satellite Systems With Smart Gateway Diversity	92
Resilience Assessment for Power Systems Under Sequential Attacks Using Double DQN With Improved Prioritized Experience Replay	84
A Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Framework for Wind Power Producers With Load Serving Entities in Retailing Layer	82
Efficient Medical Big Data Management With Keyword-Searchable Encryption in Healthchain	76
Generating Synthetic Systems of Interdependent Critical Infrastructure Networks	76
Optimizing Systemic Redundancy of Traffic Sensor Networks While Maintaining Resilience: New Evidence From Using Graph Learning	74

Forecast-Driven Stochastic Scheduling of a Virtual Power Plant in Energy and Reserve Markets	65
Reactive Power Matching Through Virtual Variable Impedance for Parallel Virtual Synchronous Generator Control Scheme	64
Stochastic Planning for Optimal Allocation of Fast Charging Stations and Wind-Based DGs	63
Benchmarking of Heuristic Algorithms for Energy Router-Based Packetized Energy Management in Smart Homes	62
Optimal Planning of Distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems in Unbalanced Distribution Networks	62
Optimal Distributed Coordinated Reinforcement Learning for Secondary Voltage Control in Time-Delayed Microgrid	62
Design and Performance Analyses of V-OFDM Integrated Signal for Cell-Free Massive MIMO Joint Communication and Radar System	61
Optimizing Civilian Response Strategy Under an Active Shooting Incident	60
An Accelerated Distance Protection Scheme for the Lines Connected to Inverter-Based Resources	59
Learning Consensus of Second-Order Unknown Nonlinear Parameterized Multiagent Systems With Periodic Disturbances	57
Redactable Blockchain-Enabled Hierarchical Access Control Framework for Data Sharing in Electronic Medical Records	57
Latency-Sensitive Task Allocation for Fog-Based Vehicular Crowdsensing	57
Modified Erdős–Rényi Random Graph Model for Generating Synthetic Power Grids	57
Management of Congestion in Distribution Networks Utilizing Demand Side Management and Reinforcement Learning	56
An Efficient Context-Aware Vehicle Incidents Route Service Management for Intelligent Transport System	56
ASPA-MOSN: An Efficient User Authentication Scheme for Phishing Attack Detection in Mobile Online Social Networks	56
IRS-Enabled Secure G2A Communications for UAV System With Aerial Eavesdropping	55
Systematic Review of Collision-Avoidance Approaches for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles	53
Joint Trajectory and Power Optimization for Jamming-Aided NOMA-UAV Secure Networks	53
Real-Time Energy Management for Smart Homes	52
Table of Contents	51
Frontcover	51
Editorial	51
Magnetically Controlled Multifunctional Capsule Robot for Dual-Drug Delivery	51
IEEE Systems Journal Information for Authors	51
Deep Learning-Enabled Deceptive Jammer Detection for Low Probability of Intercept Communications	51
Resource Allocation for Enhancing Offloading Security in NOMA-Enabled MEC Networks	50
IEEE Systems Council Information	50
Consensus of Double-Integrator Multiagent Systems Under Disturbances: Two Types of PI-Based Protocols	50
CFDDR: A Centralized Faulty Data Detection and Recovery Approach for WSN With Faults Identification	49
Edge–Cloud Collaborative Computation Offloading for Mixed Traffic	48
An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Credit Score System Based on Noninteractive Zero-Knowledge Proof	48
Assessment and Enhancement of Uncertain Renewable Energy Hosting Capacity With/out Voltage Control Devices in Distribution Grids	48
Sampled-Data Secure Group Consensus for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems in Fixed/Switching Topologies	48
$H_\infty$ Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Networked Systems	47
MRC Receivers Under Multivariate Equal-Correlated Rician Fading	47
Energy-Constrained Indoor Air Quality Optimization for HVAC System in Smart Building	47
Multidata-Owner Searchable Encryption Scheme Over Medical Cloud Data With Efficient Access Control	47
Power Minimization-Based Joint Resource Allocation Algorithm for Target Localization in Noncoherent Distributed MIMO Radar System	46
A Discrete Time Domain-Based MILP Framework for Control Parameter Tuning	46
Uncertain Multiagent Systems With Distributed Constrained Optimization Missions and Event-Triggered Communications: Application to Resource Allocation	46
Decentralized Energy Management of Multiagent Distribution Systems Considering the Grid Reliability and Agent Misbehavior	46
A Recovery Model for Faulty Networked System	46
Distributed Design of Joint Transmit and Receive Beamforming for MIMO Radar Networks Using Game Theory	46
Robust Transceiver Design for SWIPT DF MIMO Relay Systems With Time-Switching Protocol	46
LDoS Attacks Detection for ICPS NB-IoTs Environment via SE-Based CNN	46
Attack Design for Maximum Malware Spread Through EVs Commute and Charge in Power-Transportation Systems	45
Joint Online Route Planning and Resource Optimization for Multitarget Tracking in Airborne Radar Systems	45
Probabilistic Available Transfer Capability Evaluation Considering Dynamic Line Rating Based on a Sequential Game-Theoretic Approach	45
Car-Following Behavior Based on LiDAR Trajectory Data at Urban Intersections	44

Reduced Complexity Frequency Ambiguity Resolution and Synchronization Signal Detection for 5G NR-V2X Communication Systems	44
Reconfigurable Model Predictive Control for Large Scale Distributed Systems	44
Leakage-Resilient Anonymous Multireceiver Certificateless Encryption Resistant to Side-Channel Attacks	44
Joint Route Optimization and Multidimensional Resource Management Scheme for Airborne Radar Network in Target Tracking Application	44
Investigation of DC-Link Stabilization Through BESS for DFIM-Fed Hydropower Unit Under Grid Faults	44
Generalized Contingency Analysis Based on Graph Theory and Line Outage Distribution Factor	43
Fault Diagnosis of Power Systems Using Visualized Similarity Images and Improved Convolution Neural Networks	43
Deep Learning-Based Traffic Prediction for Energy Efficiency Optimization in Software-Defined Networking	43
Optimal Power Flow With State Estimation in the Loop for Distribution Networks	43
WAMS Operations in Power Grids: A Track Fusion-Based Mixture Density Estimation-Driven Grid Resilient Approach Toward Cyberattacks	42
Secure Communication in UAV–RIS-Empowered Multiuser Networks: Joint Beamforming, Phase Shift, and UAV Trajectory Optimization	42
On Vulnerability and Resilience of Cyber-Physical Power Systems: A Review	42
Dynamic Offloading on a Hybrid Edge–Cloud Architecture for Multiobject Tracking	42
A Cyber-Physical Collaboration Based Control Method for Frequency Regulation With VPP	42
Adaptive Coordination of Relays in AC Microgrid Considering Operational and Topological Changes	42
RIS-Assisted Full-Duplex Relay Systems	42
A Robust Two-Factor User Authentication Scheme-Based ECC for Smart Home in IoT	41
An Efficient Certificateless Signature Scheme With Provably Security and Its Applications	41
Multiuser Opportunistic Beamforming Systems With Multiple Receive Antennas in Nakagami-$m$ Fading Channels	41
Multiaccess Point Coordination for Next-Gen Wi-Fi Networks Aided by Deep Reinforcement Learning	41
A Verifiable and Efficient Secure Sharing Scheme in Multiowner Multiuser Settings	41
Achieving 5G NR mmWave Indoor Coverage Under Integrated Access Backhaul	40
BioBlock: A Blockchain Analogous Mechanism for Integrity in IoBNT-Based Drug Delivery Systems	40
Mobile Sensor-Cloud for Rendering Sensors-as-a-Service	40
A Partial-Givens-Rotation-Based Symbol Detector for GSM MIMO Systems: Algorithm and VLSI Implementation	40
Bilateral Privacy-Preserving Truthful Incentive for Mobile Crowdsensing	40
A Quantum Controlled-NOT Neural Network-Based Load Forecast and Management Model for Smart Grid	40
Design of a Modular Exoskeleton Based on Distributed Central Pattern Generators	40
Multiple RIS-Assisted Mixed FSO-RF Transmission Over Generalized Fading Channels	40
A DRO-SDDP Decentralized Algorithm for Economic Dispatch of Multi Microgrids With Uncertainties	40
Performance Adjustable Event-Triggered Synchronization Policies to Nonlinear Multiagent Systems	39
Secure and Reliable Transmission in mmWave NOMA Relay Networks With SWIPT	39
G-NET: Accurate Lane Detection Model for Autonomous Vehicle	39
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Washout Filter-Based Distributed Resilient Current Control for Cyber-Physical Microgrids	39
Multifixed-Wing-UAV Software-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for System Design	39
Protocol-Based Particle Filtering and Divergence Estimation	39
Maximum Task Admission by Computing Offloading to Mobile Edge Networks	39
A Real-Time Low-Power Coding Bit-Rate Control Scheme for High-Efficiency Video Coding in a Multiprocessor System-on-Chip	38
Monitoring-Based Localization of Unbalances and Root Cause Analysis in Low-Voltage Distribution Systems	38
Detecting Electricity Theft Cyber-Attacks in AMI Networks Using Deep Vector Embeddings	38
FedVAE: Communication-Efficient Federated Learning With Non-IID Private Data	38
Optimal Sizing Considering Power Uncertainty and Power Supply Reliability Based on LSTM and MOPSO for SWPBMs	38
ISVSF: Intelligent Vulnerability Detection Against Java via Sentence-Level Pattern Exploring	38
Global Decentralized Control of $p$-Normal Large-Scale Nonlinear Systems Based on Sampled-Data Output Feedback	38
Improved Secure Transaction Scheme With Certificateless Cryptographic Primitives for IoT-Based Mobile Payments	37
Asymptotically Optimal Path Planning for Ground Surveillance by a Team of UAVs	37
Discovering Decision Manifolds to Assure Trusted Autonomous Systems	37
Exploring Stability and Accuracy Limits of Distributed Real-Time Power System Simulations via System-of-Systems Cosimulation	37
Compact Multiple Attribute-Based Signatures With Key Aggregation and Its Application	37
Mitigating Cascading Failures in Power Grids via Markov Decision-Based Load-Shedding With DC Power Flow Model	37
Iterative Learning Consensus for Nonstrict Feedback Multiagent Systems With Unknown Control Direction and Saturation Input	37
PBTM: A Privacy-Preserving Announcement Protocol With Blockchain-Based Trust Management for IoV	36
Secure Communications via Active IRS Assisted SWIPT NOMA Networks	36
An Efficient Identity Authentication Scheme With Provable Security and Anonymity for Mobile Edge Computing	36
Communication-Efficient Federated Learning for Large-Scale Multiagent Systems in ISAC: Data Augmentation With Reinforcement Learning	36
New Real-Time Demand Response Market Co-Optimized With Conventional Energy Market	36
CADFA: A Clock Skew-Based Active Device Fingerprint Authentication Scheme for Class-1 IoT Devices	36
Evaluating Machine-Learning-Based Methods for Modeling a Digital Twin of Battery Systems Providing Frequency Regulation	36
SoLiCiT: Synchronous Listen, Code, and Transmit Protocol for Wireless Control Applications	35
Design of Channel Estimation for Hybrid Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems in the Presence of Beam Squint	35
Power-Aware User Association and Content Caching Algorithm for Delay-Energy Tradeoff in Cache-Enabled Heterogeneous Cellular Networks	35
SCOPE: Cost-Efficient QoS-Aware Switch and Controller Placement in Hybrid SDN	35
Investigations of Large-Scale Voltage-Dependent Loads for Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations: Decentralized Control	35
Hierarchical Microenergy Hub Sizing and Placement in Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Distribution Systems	35
An Optimized Distributed Cooperative Control to Improve the Charging Performance of Battery Energy Storage in a Multiphotovoltaic Islanded DC Microgrid	35
Event-Triggered Output Feedback Control for Leader–Follower Consensus of Feedforward Nonlinear Multiagent Systems	35
Control Strategy for Single-Phase Grid-Interfaced Modified Multilevel Inverter Topology for Distributed Power Generation	34
Joint Energy and Reserve Scheduling of a Wind Power Producer in a Peer-to-Peer Mechanism	34
Optimal Scheduling of Demand Response Aggregators in Industrial Parks Based on Load Disaggregation Algorithm	34
Digital Twins-Based Online Monitoring of TFE-731 Turbofan Engine Using Fast Orthogonal Search	33
Assuring Behavior of Multirobot Autonomous Systems With Translation From Formal Verification to ROS Simulation	33
Research on Projection Gray Target Model Based on FANP-QFD for Weapon System of Systems Capability Evaluation	33
Security-Reliability TradeOff Analysis of Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Uplink Communications With Relay Selection	33
OBLoc: Online Batch Localization for Large-Scale Indoor Environments	33
Evaluation of Damping Effect Influenced by System Parameters on a DFIG Integrated Power System	33
Collaborative Task Offloading for LEO Satellite Internet of Things: A Novel Computing Coordinate Graph-Based Approach	33
Robust Leader–Followers Consensus for Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Exogenous Disturbances via Dynamic Triggered Strategies	32
Path Planning and Path Tracking for Collision Avoidance of Autonomous Ground Vehicles	32
Securing Transmission for UAV Swarm-Enabled Communication Network	32
Robust Beamforming Design for Cache-Enabled C-RAN With Fronthaul Multicast	32

Offloading Strategy of Green Edge Computing Based on Idle Roadside Devices Collaboration	32
FIPO: A Lightweight and Customized Software-Defined Programmable Packet Scheduling Primitive	32
Reducing Data Gathering Delay for Energy Efficient Wireless Data Collection by Jointly Optimizing Path and Speed of Mobile Sink	32
Connectivity Preserving Consensus for Second-Order Heterogeneous MASs With Input Constraints	32
Joint Resource Allocation and UAV Trajectory Optimization for Space–Air–Ground Internet of Remote Things Networks	32
Software-Defined Electric Vehicle (EV)-to-EV Charging Framework With Mobile Aggregator	31
Energy Trilemma Index-Based Multiobjective Optimal Sizing of PV-Battery System for a Building in Tropical Savanna Climate	31
Decision-Making and Path Planning for Highway Autonomous Driving Based on Spatio-Temporal Lane-Change Gaps	31
Stochastic Demand Response Management Using Mixed-Strategy Stackelberg Game	31
Digital Twin: Toward the Integration Between System Design and RAMS Assessment Through the Model-Based Systems Engineering	31
FedSeq: A Hybrid Federated Learning Framework Based on Sequential In-Cluster Training	31
Resilient Discrete-Time Quantization Communication for Distributed Secondary Control of AC Microgrids Under DoS Attacks	31
Efficient Fuzzy-Based 3-D Flying Base Station Positioning and Trajectory for Emergency Management in 5G and Beyond Cellular Networks	31
Enhancing Resilience of Distribution Networks by Coordinating Microgrids and Demand Response Programs in Service Restoration	31
Novel Robust Indoor Device-Free Moving-Object Localization and Tracking Using Machine Learning With Kalman Filter and Smoother	31
RESP: A Real-Time Early Stage Prediction Mechanism for Cascading Failures in Smart Grid Systems	31
Novel Detectors for Passive Radar Sensing With I/Q Imbalance and Additive Distortion	30
Fixed-Time Synchronization of Complex-Valued Inertial Neural Networks via Nonreduced-Order Method	30
Data-Driven Linear Koopman Embedding for Networked Systems: Model-Predictive Grid Control	30
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Wireless Information and Power Transfer With X-Duplex for 6G Networks	30
Optimal Operation for Hybrid AC and DC Systems Considering Branch Switching and VSC Control	30
Optimal Battery Planning for Microgrid Applications Considering Battery Swapping and Evolution of the SOH During Lifecycle Aging	30
High-Security Sequence Design for Differential Frequency Hopping Systems	30
Frontcover	30
PPRT: Privacy Preserving and Reliable Trust-Aware Platoon Recommendation Scheme in IoV	30
IEEE Systems Journal Publication Information	30
A Distributed Connectivity Maintenance Algorithm With Formal Guarantees for a Communication-Constrained Network of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles	29
Security-Reliability Analysis for Adaptive Semi-Grant-Free Transmissions	29
Benefiting from Energy-Hub Flexibilities to Reinforce Distribution System Resilience: A Pre- and Post-Disaster Management Model	29
UAVs Deployment Algorithms for Maximizing Backhaul Flow	29
A Family of Hybrid Precoding Schemes for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems	29
Performance of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Under Imperfect Channel State Information and Reciprocity Calibration	29
Authenticity Verification for Dynamic Social Data Outsourcing	29
A Systems Theory of Transfer Learning	29
EM-AMP-Based Joint Active User Detection and Channel Estimation in Cell-Free System	29
Cooperative Satellite-Terrestrial Networks With Imperfect CSI and Multiple Jammers: Performance Analysis and Deep Learning Evaluation	29
Analysis of Variable Bit Rate Spread FBMC-Based Integrated Satellite–Terrestrial Broadcast System	29
Capacity Allocation Mechanisms in High-Throughput Satellite Systems: One-to-Many Pairings	29
Robust Inverse Optimal Cooperative Control for Uncertain Linear Multiagent Systems	29
Shapley Value Method and Stochastic Dantzig–Wolfe Decomposition for Decentralized Scheduling of Multimicrogrid	28
Local Fault Location in Meshed DC Microgrids Based On Parameter Estimation Technique	28
Distributed Cooperative Control Based on Multiagent System for Islanded Microgrids With Switching Topology and Channel Interruption	28
A Linearized Multiobjective Energy Management Framework for Reconfigurable Smart Distribution Systems Considering BESSs	28
An Efficient Human Activity Recognition System Using WiFi Channel State Information	28
Scalable Attestation Protocol Resilient to Physical Attacks for IoT Environments	28
Resource Management for QoS-Guaranteed Marine Data Feedback Based on Space–Air–Ground–Sea Network	28
Enhancing Performance of Distance Relay Zone 3 Under Stressed Conditions Using an Angle-Based Algorithm	28
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Minimization Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Air Ground Integrated Heterogeneous Networks	28
Toward Usable Cloud Storage Auditing, Revisited	28
Identity-Certifying Authority-Aided Identity-Based Searchable Encryption Framework in Cloud Systems	28
A Provable Secure and Lightweight Smart Healthcare Cyber-Physical System With Public Verifiability	28
Using Deep Transfer Learning Technique to Protect Electrical Distribution Systems Against High-Impedance Faults	28
High-Impedance Fault Detection Method Based on One-Dimensional Variational Prototyping-Encoder for Distribution Networks	28
Islanding Detection in Microgrid Compromising Missing Values Using NI Sensors	28
Multilevel and Advanced Control Scheme for Multimicrogrid Under Healthy-Faulty and Islanded-Connected Conditions	28
Improved Certificateless Aggregate Signature Scheme Against Collusion Attacks for VANETs	28
Fault-Tolerant Periodic Event-Triggered Consensus Under Communication Delay and Multiple Attacks	27
Code Index Modulation-Aided Spatial Media-Based Modulation System for Future Wireless Networks	27
Enhanced Transmission and Distribution Network Coordination to Host More Electric Vehicles and PV	27
Integration of Fault Current Limiters in Electric Power Systems: A Review	27
Robust Formation Control for Multiagent Systems Based on Adaptive Observers	27
Analysis of Adversarial Jamming From a Quantum Game Theoretic Perspective	27
AUTILE Framework: An AUTOSAR Driven Agile Development Methodology to Reduce Automotive Software Defects	27
CBFL: A Communication-Efficient Federated Learning Framework From Data Redundancy Perspective	27
A Transactive-Based Control Scheme for Minimizing Real-Time Energy Imbalance in a Multiagent Microgrid: A CVaR-Based Model	27
ELISE: A Reinforcement Learning Framework to Optimize the Slotframe Size of the TSCH Protocol in IoT Networks	27
Graph Neural Networks Based Detection of Stealth False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grids	27
Second-Order Cone Programming Relaxation of Stealthy Cyberattacks Resulting in Overvoltages in Cyber-Physical Power Systems	27
Social-Aware Spectrum Sharing and Caching Helper Selection Strategy Optimized Multicast Video Streaming in Dense D2D 5G Networks	27
LiFi-Based D2D Communication in Industrial IoT	27
AI Wings: An AIoT Drone System for Commanding ArduPilot UAVs	27
A Secure and Efficient Pairing-Free Certificateless Aggregate Signcryption Scheme for V2G Networks	27
${N}$-Player Trust Game With Second-Order Reputation Evaluation in the Networked Population	27
Operational Reliability Assessment of Distribution Network With Energy Storage Systems	27
Interval-Partitioned and Correlated Uncertainty Set Based Robust Optimization of Microgrid	27
Practical Descriptor Modeling of Traffic in Intersecting Metro Lines and Robust Controller Design for Train Synchronization at Transfer Stations	26
Privacy Preserving for Electronic Medical Record Sharing in Healthchain With Group Signature	26
FORMAT: A Reconfigurable Tile-Based Antenna Array System for 5G and 6G Millimeter-Wave Testbeds	26
IEEE Systems Journal	26
Prediction of Transient and Short-Term Voltage Stability Status by Model-Free Agent-Based Scheme	26
Maximizing Branch Power Flows as a Descriptive Structural Metric for Electrical Networks	26
Global Estimation and Compensation of Linear Effects in Coherent Optical Systems Based on Nonlinear Least Squares	26
Device Selection and Resource Allocation for Layerwise Federated Learning in Wireless Networks	26
A Linearized Analog Microwave Photonic Link With an Eliminated Even-Order Distortions	26
Editorial	26
Distributed Periodic Event-Triggered Consensus of Second-Order Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Switching Topologies	26
Performance Analysis of Cooperative OFDM-QIM System With Per-Subcarrier Relay Selection	26
Workload-Aware Placement Strategies to Leverage Disaggregated Resources in the Datacenter	26
Two-Pass Privacy Preserving Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Smart Grid	25
Distributed Inference in Resource-Constrained IoT for Real-Time Video Surveillance	25
Optimal Threshold-Based High Impedance Arc Fault Detection Approach for Renewable Penetrated Distribution System	25
Efficient and Robust Power Flow Algorithm for Asynchronous Grids Coupled Through a VSC-MTDC System and Its Probability Analysis	25
Developing Cost-Effective Rumor-Refuting Strategy Through Game-Theoretic Approach	25
EuDaimon: PUF-Based Robust and Lightweight Authenticated Session Key Establishment Protocol for IoT-Enabled Smart Society	25
Relay Network Planning With Geography Information System and Genetic Algorithm in an Actual Multicell Environment	25