IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies

Article	Citations
Enhancing Medical Training Through Learning From Mistakes by Interacting With an Ill-Trained Reinforcement Learning Agent	240
Capturing Movement: A Tablet App, Geometry Touch, for Recording Onscreen Finger-Based Gesture Data	215
Impact of Gamified Learning Experience on Online Learning Effectiveness	186
AestheNet: Revolutionizing Aesthetic Perception Diagnosis in Education With Hybrid Deep Nets	166
Investigating the Use of Deep Learning and Implicit Feedback in K12 Educational Recommender Systems	139
IEEE Education Society Publication Information	138
Generative AI in Curriculum Design: Empirical Insights Into Model Performance and Educational Constraints	129
A Three-Factor Model of Engagement and Persistence From Difficulty-Adjusted Practice Decisions in Online Mathematics Learning	128
A Tutorial-Generating Method for Autonomous Online Learning	126
IEEE Education Society Information	123
Measuring the Effectiveness of Learning Economic Principles in a Sustainable Entrepreneurship Game-Based Setting: A Bootstrapping Approach	115
The Integration of Interactive Psychoeducation and Agent Embodiment in Virtual Reality Training: An Evaluation on Breathing Techniques	94
Embedding Educational Narrative Scripts in a Social Media Environment	90
From Discovery to Design and Implementation: A Guide on Integrating Immersive Technologies in Public Safety Training	82
Enhancing IV Needle Insertion Training With a Bimanual Haptic VR Simulator: Development, Usability, and Learning Impact	75
Exploring Intergenerational Interactions Through an Online Storytelling Experience	75
Developing and Usability Testing of an Augmented Reality Tool for Online Engineering Education	66
Motivating Students With Different Needs to Learn Chinese in a Mixed-Background Classroom by Robot-Assisted Learning	65
Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Review	58
IEEE Education Society Information	56
Audio Augmented Reality in Smart Learning Environments	56
Computational Learning Analytics to Estimate Location-Based Self-Regulation Process of Real-World Experiences	55
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies	55
AssignmentWatch: An Automated Detection and Alert Tool for Reducing Academic Misconduct Associated With File-Sharing Websites	54
Audio Instructional Design Best Practices for an Enhanced Learning Experience. A Mixed Holistic-Systematic Mapping Study	51

Process Mining Insights From a Student-Generated Questions Tool: Lower Workload and Higher Perceived Usefulness Improve the Learning Process	50
A Job-Seeking Assistance System by Integrating Interview Training With Job Recommendation	49
Seamless Crime Scene Reconstruction in Mixed Reality for Investigation Training: A Design and Evaluation Study	46
A Data-Driven Approach for the Identification of Features for Automated Feedback on Academic Essays	46
Effectiveness of Customized Exergames to Improve Postural Control in High School Physical Education	45
Designing Social Robot for Adults Using Self-Determination Theory and AI Technologies	44
Multimodal Conversational Emotion Recognition in Education With Uncertain Missing Modalities: A Graph Fusion Network Approach	44
Annotation Guideline-Based Knowledge Augmentation: Toward Enhancing Large Language Models for Educational Text Classification	42
Predicting Student Performance in a Programming Tutoring System Using AI and Filtering Techniques	41
Building Compliant Pocket Labs With IEEE STD 1876-2019: A Step Forward	41
Revolutionizing Word Clouds for Teaching and Learning With Generative Artificial Intelligence: Cases From China and Singapore	39
Developing an E-Learning Platform Capable of Being Aware of Self-Regulated Learning Behaviors of Role Models	38
MathScrub: Single-Pipeline Strikeout Removal and LaTeX Generation for Handwritten Calculus Expressions	38
Using RoblockLLy in the Classroom: Bridging the Gap in Computer Science Education Through Robotics Simulation	37
ADPS—A Prescreening Tool for Students With Dyslexia in Learning Traditional Chinese	37
Is ChatGPT a Competent Teacher? Systematic Evaluation of Large Language Models on the Competency Model	36
Empowering Instructors: Augmented Reality Authoring Toolkit for Aviation Weather Education	34
PQSCT: Pseudo-Siamese BERT for Concept Tagging With Both Questions and Solutions	34
Automatic Generation of Multimedia Teaching Materials Based on Generative AI: Taking Tang Poetry as an Example	34
Evaluating the Impact of Lightboard Videos on College Students' Performance in a Mathematical Optimization Course	33
Supporting Teachers’ Professional Development With Generative AI: The Effects on Higher Order Thinking and Self-Efficacy	33
Guest Editorial: Designing Technologies to Support Professional and Workplace Learning for Situated Practice	32
A Script for Conversational Reflection Guidance: A Field Study on Developing Reflection Competence With Apprentices	32
An Interpretable Closed-Loop Intelligent Tutoring System for Multimodal Affective Feedback in Asynchronous Presentation Training	32
A Real-Time Predictive Model for Identifying Course Dropout in Online Higher Education	32
LEMON: A Knowledge-Enhanced, Type-Constrained, and Grammar-Guided Model for Question Generation Over Knowledge Graphs	31
Digital Twins of Pet Robots to Prolong Interdependent Relationships and Effects on Student Learning Performance	31
Exploring the Possibilities of Edu-Metaverse: A New 3-D Ecosystem Model for Innovative Learning	30
Toward an AI Knowledge Assistant for Context-Aware Learning Experiences in Software Capstone Project Development	29
Facilitating Online Self-Regulated Learning and Social Presence Using Chatbots: Evidence-Based Design Principles	29
A Systematic Review of Research on Immersive Technology-Enhanced Writing Education: The Current State and a Research Agenda	28
Front Cover	28
Improving Knowledge Tracing via Considering Two Types of Actual Differences From Exercises and Prior Knowledge	28
Contrastive Personalized Exercise Recommendation With Reinforcement Learning	28
Improvement of the Quality of Question Papers for Online Examinations Toward Simultaneous Enhancement of Students’ Learning	27
Sequential Behavior Analysis of Interdisciplinary Activities in Computational Thinking and EFL Language Learning With Game-Based Learning	27
Boundary Conditions of Generalizing Predictive Models for Academic Performance: Within Cohort Versus Within Course	27
Exploring the Potential of Tangible and Multitouch Interfaces to Promote Learning Among Preschool Children	26
Preparing Student Teachers for Professional Development: Mentoring Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Learners in Mathematical Problem Solving	26
Write-Curate-Verify: A Case Study of Leveraging Generative AI for Scenario Writing in Scenario-Based Learning	26
Exploring Augmented Reality's Influence on Cognitive Load and Emotional Dynamics Within AAV Training Environments	26
Embedding Spatial Augmented Reality in Culinary Training: A Comparative Evaluation of sAR Kitchen and Video Tutorials	26
Design and Evaluation of Trustworthy Knowledge Tracing Model for Intelligent Tutoring System	26
AI-Powered University Admission Counseling: A Use Case of Large Language Models in Student Guidance	26
Table of Contents	25
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies Publication Information	25
Transforming Education With Generative AI (GAI): Key Insights and Future Prospects	25
Assessing the Quality of Student-Generated Content at Scale: A Comparative Analysis of Peer-Review Models	25
Unleashing ChatGPT's Power: A Case Study on Optimizing Information Retrieval in Flipped Classrooms via Prompt Engineering	25
TeenChat: A Human-Calibrated Mental Health LLM With Intention-Aware Dialogue and Contrastive Counseling Regularization	25

Front Cover	24
Pedagogical Interventions in SPOCs: Learning Behavior Dashboards and Knowledge Tracing Support Exercise Recommendation	24
T-VLC: A Trust Model for Virtual Learning Communities	24
An Intelligent Tutoring System to Support Code Maintainability Skill Development	24
Learning an Alternative Car-Following Technique to Avoid Congestion With an Instructional Driving Simulator	23
A Scenario-Driven AI+VR Language Practice Platform: A Technical Feasibility and Formative Usability Study	23
CHEST: An Application to Support Teachers in the Use of Linked Open Data for Ubiquitous Learning	23
The Three-Stage Hierarchical Logistic Model Controlling Personalized Playback of Audio Information for Intelligent Tutoring Systems	23
Tools Designed to Support Self-Regulated Learning in Online Learning Environments: A Systematic Review	21
Exploring the Use of Multiagent Systems in Educational Robotics Activities	21
Decoding Contextual Factors Differentiating Adolescents’ High, Average, and Low Digital Reading Performance Through Machine-Learning Methods	21
Student Action Recognition for Improving Teacher Feedback During Tele-Education	21
Balancing Performance and Explainability in Academic Dropout Prediction	20
ChatGPT for Educational Purposes: Investigating the Impact of Knowledge Management Factors on Student Satisfaction and Continuous Usage	20
Corrections to “A Tutorial-Generating Method for Autonomous Online Learning”	20
Goal Ontology for Personalized Learning and Its Implementation in Child's Health Self-Management Support	20
How Learning Analytics Can Help Orchestration of Formative Assessment? Data-Driven Recommendations for Technology- Enhanced Learning	20
Personalization in Graphically Rich E-Learning Environments for K-6 Mathematics	19
Will Virtual Reality Transform Online Synchronous Learning? Evidence From a Quality of Experience Subjective Assessment	19
A Web-Based Educational System for Teaching Compilers	19
Quantum Algorithm Design and Its Implementation for Solving Test Sheet Composition Optimization Using a Quantum Annealing Approach	19
Ardosia: Simulating Circuits and Robotic Systems in a Single Learning Platform	19
Exploring the Answering Capability of Large Language Models in Addressing Complex Knowledge in Entrepreneurship Education	19
Forecasting Gender in Open Education Competencies: A Machine Learning Approach	18
AI-Based Diagnostic Assessment System: Integrated With Knowledge Map in MOOCs	18
Measuring Cognitive Load in Virtual Reality Training via Pupillometry	18
Generative Agents for Learning Behavioral Simulation: An Interview-Driven and Multiexpert Reflection Framework	18
RCKTE: Toward Global Optimal Causal Explanations for Deep Knowledge Tracing	18
HSVRS: A Virtual Reality System of the Hide-and-Seek Game to Enhance Gaze Fixation Ability for Autistic Children	18
Multidimensional Influences on College Students' Computational Thinking: An Empirical Study in Visual Programming Environments	18
Front Cover	18
An Innovative Strategy to Anticipate Students’ Cheating: The Development of Automatic Essay Assessment on the “MoLearn” Learning Management System	17
How Can Self-Evaluation and Self-Efficacy Skills of Young Learners be Scaffolded in a Web Application?	17
Assessment of Kinematic and Kinetic Attributes of Graphic Execution of Children With Autism and Typically Developing Children Using a Digitized Platform	17
Leveraging Semantic Facets for Automatic Assessment of Short Free Text Answers	17
A Journey to Identify Users' Classification Strategies to Customize Game-Based and Gamified Learning Environments	17
ARISE: Enhanced Capability and Privacy for Interdisciplinary Course Performance Prediction in Higher Education	17
A Modular Serious Game Development Framework for Virtual Laboratory Courses	16
The Design of Guiding and Adaptive Prompts for Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Its Effect on Students’ Mathematics Learning	16
FERN: Fair Team Formation for Mutually Beneficial Collaborative Learning	16
Co-Creating a Community-Focused Educational Knowledge Graph for Trustworthy Language Knowledge: A Case Study on Yanyuwa	16
Framing Professional Learning Analytics as Reframing Oneself	16
Cybersecurity Matters for Primary School Students: A Scoping Review of the Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities	16
Toward Embedding Robotics in Learning Environments With Support to Teachers: The IDEE Experience	16
SocioMathLLM: A Multimodal Large Language Model Framework for Generating Authentic Mathematical Word Problems Driving Socialization	16
EQGG: Automatic Question Group Generation	16
Multisensory Interaction and Analytics to Enhance Smart Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review	16
Blended Laboratory Design Using Raspberry Pi Pico for Digital Circuits and Systems	16
Investigating the Efficacy of ChatGPT-3.5 for Tutoring in Chinese Elementary Education Settings	15
A Mixed-Methods Comparative Study of Remote and Traditional SDR Laboratories via Bloom’s Taxonomy, Surveys, and Focus Group	15
Can Autograding of Student-Generated Questions Quality by ChatGPT Match Human Experts?	15
Using GenAI to Assess Design Patterns in Student-Written Code	15
OrientaTree: A Mobile Tool for Geolocated Educational Orienteering	15
How to Design Immersive Virtual Learning Environments Based on Real-World Processes for the Edu-Metaverse—A Design Process Framework	14
Reinforcement Learning-Driven Optimization of Picture Book Paths for Aesthetic Perception Enhancement	14
Theory-Driven Design in Metaverse Virtual Reality Learning Environments: Two Illustrative Cases	14
Empowering Instructors With AI: Evaluating the Impact of an AI-Driven Feedback Tool in Learning Analytics	14
Editorial Technologies for Data-Driven Interventions in Smart Learning Environments	14
Building Trust in AI Through Dialogues With Eastern Ethics: Toward Ethical Partnerships in Education	14
Dynamic Cognitive Diagnosis: An Educational Priors-Enhanced Deep Knowledge Tracing Perspective	14
ProtoSim: Interactive Learning Environment for High School Students to Learn the TCP/IP Protocol Suite in Computer Science Education	14
HGCR: A Heterogeneous Graph-Enhanced Interactive Course Recommendation Scheme for Online Learning	14
Extended Reality as a Training Approach for Visual Real-Time Feedback in Golf	14
Reconceptualizing Self-Directed Learning in the Era of Generative AI: An Exploratory Analysis of Language Learning	14
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies	13
The Impact of Mobile-Assisted Social Language Learning Activities on Speaking Skills and Self-Efficacy Development	13
On the Supervision of Peer Assessment Tasks: An Efficient Instructor Guidance Technique	13
CoSKT: A Collaborative Self-Supervised Learning Method for Knowledge Tracing	13
Exploring the Impact of the Metaverse on Promoting Students’ Access to Quality Education: A Meta-Analysis	13
MOOC-BERT: Automatically Identifying Learner Cognitive Presence From MOOC Discussion Data	13
Automated Program Repair for Introductory Programming Assignments	13
IEEE Education Society Information	13
ProgTutor: A Robotic-Based Framework to Support Teaching and Learning of Programming Fundamentals	13
SimuNEX: A 3-D Simulation Framework for Teaching Control Systems	13
Pilot Study Using Decision Trees to Diagnose the Efficacy of Virtual Offshore Egress Training	13
Online Self-Service Learning Platform for Application-Inspired Cloud Development and Operations (DevOps) Curriculum	12
Robots in Inclusive Education of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder	12
Microlearning in Immersive Virtual Reality: A User-Centered Analysis of Learning Interfaces	12
Navigating the Textual Maze: Enhancing Textual Analytical Skills Through an Innovative GAI Prompt Framework	12
A Digital Learning Ecosystem to Scaffold Teachers’ Learning	12

The Guideline for Reporting Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Educational Research: Implications From a Systematic Review	12
A Dual-Mode Grade Prediction Architecture for Identifying At-Risk Students	12
Digital Game-Based Technology for English Language Learning in Preschools and Primary Schools: A Systematic Analysis	12
Modeling Cognitive Processes of Learners Based on BiGRU-Attention: A Dual-Phase Framework	12
Peer Grading Eliciting Truthfulness Based on Autograder	12
Multimodality of AI for Education: Toward Artificial General Intelligence	12
An Explicit-Thinking LLM-Based Cognitive Apprenticeship Approach to Promote Students’ Metacognition, Higher Order Thinking Skills, and Learning Performance	12
Facilitating the Learning Engineering Process for Educational Conversational Modules Using Transformer-Based Language Models	12
KnowSTU: Diagnosing Students’ Problem Behaviors Using Fine-Tuned LLM and RAG	12
A Telemetry-Enabled Driving Training Simulator for Autistic Learners in Community-Based Settings	12
New Scenarios and Trends in Nontraditional Laboratories From 2000 to 2020	11
A Collaborative Virtual Reality Flight Simulator: Efficacy, Challenges, and Potential	11
Attention Level Evaluation in Children With Autism: Leveraging Head Pose and Gaze Parameters From Videos for Educational Intervention	11
ConfuciusLM: Exploring Confucian Personalized Instruction for Primary Learners With Large Language Models	11
ChatPRCS: A Personalized Support System for English Reading Comprehension Based on ChatGPT	11
Hybrid Models for Knowledge Tracing: A Systematic Literature Review	11
Embedding Test Questions in Educational Mobile Virtual Reality: A Study on Hospital Hygiene Procedures	11
A Gamified Platform to Support Educational Activities About Fake News in Social Media	11
A Systematic Literature Review of Game-Based Assessment Studies: Trends and Challenges	11
Exploring Manifestations of Learners’ Self-Regulated Tactics and Strategies Across Blended Learning Courses	10
Engaging Online Learners in Blended Synchronous Learning: A Systematic Literature Review	10
Beyond Student Outputs: Design Requirements for Teacher-Facing Process Analytics in AI-Assisted Block-Based Programming	10
Characteristic Behaviors of Elementary Students in a Low Attention State During Online Learning Identified Using Electroencephalography	10
Fostering Balanced Contributions Among Children Through Dialogue Visualization	10
Virtual Robots in E-Learning: A Pathway to Enhanced Academic Self-Esteem, Math Performance, and Engagement in Children	10
Leveraging Generative AI Agent to Promote Teaching Reflection in a K–12 AI Course: Effects on Teachers’ Reflection Self-Efficacy, Instructional Design, and Reflective Thinking	10
Co-Design and Field Testing of a Platform to Support the Screening of Learning Difficulties	10
The Impact of Artificial General Intelligence-Assisted Project-Based Learning on Students’ Higher Order Thinking and Self-Efficacy	10
Serious Video Games for Agricultural Learning: Scoping Review	10
Characterizing Interbrain Synchrony in Student Dyads During Collaborative Problem-Solving via Hyperscanning EEG	10
The Impact of Integrating an Intelligent Personal Assistant (IPA) on Secondary School Physics Students’ Scientific Inquiry Skills	10
Future Changes in Teachers’ Professional Roles Under the Impact of Artificial Intelligence: A Study in English as a Foreign Language Education	10
Exploring ChatGPT's Ability to Classify the Structure of Literature Reviews in Engineering Research Articles	10
Front Cover	10
Design and Evaluation of an AI-Based Conversational Agent for Adaptive Feedback in Educational Robotics	10
Development of a Computer-Aided Education System Inspired by Face-to-Face Learning by Incorporating EEG-Based Neurofeedback Into Online Video Lectures	10
Design and Evaluation of a Set of Methodological Strategies for Learning a Second Language in Students With Down Syndrome Using Computer-Based Instruction	10
Toward Fair and Efficient Intelligent Learning: A Generative Cognitive Diagnosis Approach	9
Benchmarking In-Context Learning Strategies of Large Language Models for Math Reasoning Tasks	9
The Effects of the Badminton Teaching-Assisted System Using Electromyography and Gyroscope on Learners' Badminton Skills	9
Front Cover	9
Introducing Massive Open Metaverse Course and Its Enabling Technology	9
Robotics in the Context of Primary and Preschool Education: A Scoping Review	9
Applying Smart Glasses in Situated Exploration for Learning English in a National Science Museum	9
Can Edu-Metaverse Reshape Virtual Teaching Community (VTC) to Promote Educational Equity? An Exploratory Study	9
Embeddings for Automatic Short Answer Grading: A Scoping Review	9
Front Cover	8
Front Cover	8
Collaborative Human–AI Research Practices: Identifying Critical Touchpoints for Human Intervention in Educational Research	8
Design and Implementation Framework of Game Activity Generators for Declarative Knowledge Training	8
A Comprehensive Survey on Large-Language-Model-Based Agents for Education	8
Integrating Blended Learning Behaviors via Multimodal Fusion for Student Performance Prediction	8
Design and Evaluation of a Choreography-Based Virtual Reality Authoring Tool for Experiential Learning in Industrial Training	8
Knowledge Graph Augmented Generation for Examination Questions	8
A Dynamic Eye-Movement Alignment Method for Assessing Context-Based Mathematical Problem-Solving	8
An Immersive Virtual Field Experience Structuring Method for Geoscience Education	8
A Feasible Study of a Deep Learning Model Supporting Human–Machine Collaborative Learning of Object-Oriented Programming	8
XR Vest: A Novel System for Demonstration-Based Learning of Safety Skills	8
Guest Editorial: Special Issue Intelligence Augmentation and the Future of Education: Transforming Learning Landscapes Across Modalities and Lifecycles	8
Interpretable Cognitive State Prediction via Temporal Fuzzy Cognitive Map	7
A Deep Neural Network-Based Adaptive Gamification Approach for Virtual Learning	7
Editorial An Update and A Reflection on TLT's Year of 2023	7
Profiling Preschool Teachers' Readiness for AI-Enhanced Professional Development: A Diagnostic Framework Based on Digital Literacy	7
Experimenting With Soft Robotics in Education: A Systematic Literature Review From 2006 to 2022	7
Development of an Intelligent Tutoring System That Assesses Internal Visualization Skills in Engineering Using Multimodal Triangulation	7
Multisource Soft Labeling and Hard Negative Sampling for Retrieval Distractor Ranking	7
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Accommodations Given to Students With Learning Impairments: Ordinal and Interpretable Machine-Learning-Based Methodology	7
Metaverse for Education: Technical Framework and Design Criteria	7
The Transition From Centralized Machine Learning to Federated Learning for Mental Health in Education: A Survey of Current Methods and Future Directions	7
Predicting Student Performance in Future Exams via Neutrosophic Cognitive Diagnosis in Personalized E-Learning Environment	7
A Study on the Adoption of Virtual Reality in Industrial Design Education	7
A Framework for Constructing a Technology -Enhanced Education Metaverse: Learner Engagement With Human–Machine Collaboration	7
Space Adventure Game-Based Learning: How Games and Scaffolds Affect Eighth Graders' Physics Learning and Game Immersion	7
Video-Based Learning Recommender Systems: A Systematic Literature Review	7
Learning Style Identification Using Semisupervised Self-Taught Labeling	7
Modeling of Learning Processes Using Continuous-Time Markov Chain for Virtual-Reality-Based Surgical Training in Laparoscopic Surgery	7
Academic Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning Approaches: A Survey	7
Understanding Depth of Reflective Writing in Workplace Learning Assessments Using Machine Learning Classification	7
Increased Immersion in the Digital Multiverse: Implications for Adult Motivation	7
Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Physiotherapy Education: A Case Study on the Use of Large Language Models (LLM) to Enhance Feedback	7
GAI Versus Teacher Scoring: Which is Better for Assessing Student Performance?	7
Automatic Evaluation of Instructional Videos Based on Video Features and Student Watching Experience	7
Investigating Culture and Resource-Sensitive Technology-Enabled Learning	7
A Tool to Support Students-to-Teacher Feedback in Asynchronous Online Contexts	7
Past, Present, and Future of TLT's Journey in Publishing	7
Automatic Learning Path Creation Using OER: A Systematic Literature Mapping	7
Adopting Coding in Early Childhood Education: Teachers’ Perspectives	7
AAKT: Enhancing Knowledge Tracing With Alternate Autoregressive Modeling	7