Sustainability

Article	Citations
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students: A Global Perspective	835
Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Students’ Perspective	475
Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Review	442
Teleworking in the Context of the Covid-19 Crisis	432
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Green Bioinoculants: Recent Developments, Constraints, and Prospects	421
Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Mobility: Empirical Evidence from the City of Santander (Spain)	354
Waste Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials	344
A Review of Deep-Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation Methods	320
Influences of the Industry 4.0 Revolution on the Human Capital Development and Consumer Behavior: A Systematic Review	305
A Global Assessment: Can Renewable Energy Replace Fossil Fuels by 2050?	305
Anxiety and the Ecological Crisis: An Analysis of Eco-Anxiety and Climate Anxiety	276
Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions	274
The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective	273
The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food Production	269
Machine Learning in Predictive Maintenance towards Sustainable Smart Manufacturing in Industry 4.0	263
Wellbeing Costs of Technology Use during Covid-19 Remote Working: An Investigation Using the Italian Translation of the Technostress Creators Scale	260
Social Stigma during COVID-19 and its Impact on HCWs Outcomes	257
Grocery Shopping Preferences during the COVID-19 Pandemic	251
Impact of Industry 4.0 on Environmental Sustainability	227
Biodegradation of Wasted Bioplastics in Natural and Industrial Environments: A Review	223
Digital Transformation and Environmental Sustainability: A Review and Research Agenda	222
Review of Online Food Delivery Platforms and their Impacts on Sustainability	219
COVID-19 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Threat to Solidarity or an Opportunity?	213
Impact of COVID-19 on Food Behavior and Consumption in Qatar	212
Corporate Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability Performance Transformation through ESG Disclosure	207

Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture	203
A Survey of Road Traffic Congestion Measures towards a Sustainable and Resilient Transportation System	202
The Culture for Open Innovation Dynamics	196
Circular Economy Innovation and Environmental Sustainability Impact on Economic Growth: An Integrated Model for Sustainable Development	193
Trends in Educational Research about e-Learning: A Systematic Literature Review (2009–2018)	192
Work Flexibility, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance among Romanian Employees—Implications for Sustainable Human Resource Management	192
A Critical Review of Sustainable Energy Policies for the Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources	183
City Digital Twin Potentials: A Review and Research Agenda	180
Online Shopping Motives during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons from the Crisis	180
Social Isolation and Stress as Predictors of Productivity Perception and Remote Work Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Concern about the Virus in a Moderated Double Mediation	176
Sustaining Enterprise Operations and Productivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: “Enterprise Effectiveness and Sustainability Model”	174
Digital Business Model, Digital Transformation, Digital Entrepreneurship: Is There A Sustainable “Digital”?	174
15-Minute City: Decomposing the New Urban Planning Eutopia	172
Working from Home—Who Is Happy? A Survey of Lithuania’s Employees during the COVID-19 Quarantine Period	169
The Effect of Blockchain Technology on Supply Chain Sustainability Performances	167
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Resilience of Sustainable Mobility in Sicily	167
Responses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Social Media Usage for Sustaining Formal Academic Communication in Developing Countries	166
Microbes as Biofertilizers, a Potential Approach for Sustainable Crop Production	165
Mobility Behaviour in View of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Public Transport Users in Gdansk Case Study	164
Water Scarcity and Wastewater Reuse in Crop Irrigation	163
ESG: Research Progress and Future Prospects	162
Artificial Intelligence in the Agri-Food System: Rethinking Sustainable Business Models in the COVID-19 Scenario	162
Current Response and Management Decisions of the European Union to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review	161
Urban Parks as Green Buffers During the COVID-19 Pandemic	161
Digital Economy, Technological Innovation and High-Quality Economic Development: Based on Spatial Effect and Mediation Effect	157
Towards Circular Economy in the Agri-Food Sector. A Systematic Literature Review	155
Blockchain-Based Securing of Data Exchange in a Power Transmission System Considering Congestion Management and Social Welfare	155
A Charter for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19	155
Construction 4.0: A Literature Review	154
Between Level Up and Game Over: A Systematic Literature Review of Gamification in Education	154
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on User Experience with Online Education Platforms in China	149
Issues, Impacts, and Mitigations of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Building Sector	148
Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators	147
How the Covid-19 Pandemic Is Changing Online Food Shopping Human Behaviour in Italy	144
Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic Exposing the Shortcomings of Current Supply Chain Operations: A Long-Term Prescriptive Offering	142
Addressing the Social Aspects of a Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review	142
Microplastics in Honey, Beer, Milk and Refreshments in Ecuador as Emerging Contaminants	141
Food First: COVID-19 Outbreak and Cities Lockdown a Booster for a Wider Vision on Urban Agriculture	140
How COVID-19 Redefines the Concept of Sustainability	135
Physical Activity Levels and Related Energy Expenditure during COVID-19 Quarantine among the Sicilian Active Population: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey Study	134
Artificial Intelligence in the Industry 4.0, and Its Impact on Poverty, Innovation, Infrastructure Development, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from Emerging Economies?	134
Insights from Circular Economy Literature: A Review of Extant Definitions and Unravelling Paths to Future Research	133
Social Safety of Society for Developing Countries to Meet Sustainable Development Standards: Indicators, Level, Strategic Benchmarks (with Calculations Based on the Case Study of Ukraine)	132
Eco-Anxiety and Environmental Education	132
Does the Digital Economy Promote Industrial Structural Upgrading?—A Test of Mediating Effects Based on Heterogeneous Technological Innovation	131
The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities	130
A Review on Potential Plant-Based Water Stress Indicators for Vegetable Crops	130
Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain	129
Bacterial Plant Biostimulants: A Sustainable Way towards Improving Growth, Productivity, and Health of Crops	129
Students’ Perception towards E-Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: An Empirical Study	128

Compressive Strength of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Composites: A State-of-the-Art Review	128
Modeling and Prediction of Land Use Land Cover Change Dynamics Based on Land Change Modeler (LCM) in Nashe Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia	127
Youth Mobilization to Stop Global Climate Change: Narratives and Impact	127
Impact of Industry 4.0 on Sustainability—Bibliometric Literature Review	127
A Comprehensive Review of the Benefits of and the Barriers to the Switch to a Plant-Based Diet	127
A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration	126
Entrepreneurship as the Unsung Hero during the Current COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Australian Perspectives	126
Components of Education 4.0 in 21st Century Skills Frameworks: Systematic Review	125
Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Literature Review and a Classification Framework	124
Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Battery Swapping Considering Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions	124
The Role of 5G Technologies in a Smart City: The Case for Intelligent Transportation System	122
Can Green Finance Development Reduce Carbon Emissions? Empirical Evidence from 30 Chinese Provinces	121
A Review of 3D Printing in Construction and its Impact on the Labor Market	121
Contributions of Smart City Solutions and Technologies to Resilience against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review	120
A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming	120
The Impact of Financial Development and FDI on Renewable Energy in the UAE: A Path towards Sustainable Development	119
Bill Hillier’s Legacy: Space Syntax—A Synopsis of Basic Concepts, Measures, and Empirical Application	118
COVID-19 and Higher Education: First-Year Students’ Expectations toward Distance Learning	117
A Review of Further Directions for Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in Smart Logistics	117
Teacher Digital Literacy: The Indisputable Challenge after COVID-19	116
Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Bike-Sharing Usage: The Case of Thessaloniki, Greece	116
Open Innovation 4.0 as an Enhancer of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems	113
Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat	113
Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of Microplastics in Soil—A Review	112
A Review on Global E-Waste Management: Urban Mining towards a Sustainable Future and Circular Economy	111
Sustainability of the Moderating Role of Financial Development in the Determinants of Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Turkey	111
Graduate Employability and Competence Development in Higher Education—A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA	111
E-Learning vs. Face-To-Face Learning: Analyzing Students’ Preferences and Behaviors	111
Sustainable Curriculum Planning for Artificial Intelligence Education: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective	110
Design of Multi-Information Fusion Based Intelligent Electrical Fire Detection System for Green Buildings	110
Biomass Waste as Sustainable Raw Material for Energy and Fuels	110
Scoping the Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Research in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Era	109
Performance Analysis of a New Electricity and Freshwater Production System Based on an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle and Multi-Effect Desalination	109
State-of-the-Art Review of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation and Its Sustainability in Engineering Applications	109
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)	107
Circular Digital Built Environment: An Emerging Framework	107
Key Challenges and Opportunities for Recycling Electric Vehicle Battery Materials	107
Renewable Energy Use and Ecological Footprints Mitigation: Evidence from Selected South Asian Economies	106
A Review on Battery Modelling Techniques	106
Chatbots in Education and Research: A Critical Examination of Ethical Implications and Solutions	106
COVID-19 Impacts and Recovery Strategies: The Case of the Hospitality Industry in Spain	106
A Sustainable Deep Learning Framework for Object Recognition Using Multi-Layers Deep Features Fusion and Selection	105
Cycling in the Era of COVID-19: Lessons Learnt and Best Practice Policy Recommendations for a More Bike-Centric Future	105
The Post Pandemic City: Challenges and Opportunities for a Non-Motorized Urban Environment. An Overview of Italian Cases	105
Fintech and Sustainability: Do They Affect Each Other?	105
Ultra-Processed Foods and Food System Sustainability: What Are the Links?	105
The Advantages of Industry 4.0 Applications for Sustainability: Results from a Sample of Manufacturing Companies	104
Effects of COVID-19 on Indian Energy Consumption	104
Sound Absorption Properties of Natural Fibers: A Review	104
Society 5.0: A Japanese Concept for a Superintelligent Society	104
Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7	103
The Impact of COVID-19 on Sustainable Business Models in SMEs	103
Identifying World Types to Deliver Gameful Experiences for Sustainable Learning in the Metaverse	103
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications for Rural Economies	103
Why Not Green Marketing? Determinates of Consumers’ Intention to Green Purchase Decision in a New Developing Nation	103
Thriving, Not Just Surviving in Changing Times: How Sustainability, Agility and Digitalization Intertwine with Organizational Resilience	103
The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems	103
Exploring the Role of Carbon Taxation Policies on CO2 Emissions: Contextual Evidence from Tax Implementation and Non-Implementation European Countries	102
Applications of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review	102
Electric Scooter Sharing and Bike Sharing User Behaviour and Characteristics	101
Does the ESG Index Affect Stock Return? Evidence from the Eurostoxx50	101
How is COVID-19 Experience Transforming Sustainability Requirements of Residential Buildings? A Review	101
Technology-Enhanced Education through VR-Making and Metaverse-Linking to Foster Teacher Readiness and Sustainable Learning	100
The Impact of the Digital Economy on CO2 Emissions: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis	100
Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students’ Learning Life: An Integrated Conceptual Motivational Model for Sustainable and Healthy Online Learning	100
Environmental Sustainability of Digitalization in Manufacturing: A Review	99
COVID-19 Drives Consumer Behaviour and Agro-Food Markets towards Healthier and More Sustainable Patterns	99
Smart Tourism City: Developments and Transformations	98
Best–Worst Method for Modelling Mobility Choice after COVID-19: Evidence from Italy	98
Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks’ Response to Various Carbon Policies during COVID-19	98
A Low-Cost Platform for Environmental Smart Farming Monitoring System Based on IoT and UAVs	98
Short Food Supply Chains (SFSC) as Local and Sustainable Systems	98
Information and Communication Technology Solutions for the Circular Economy	98
Digital Twin of Experimental Smart Manufacturing Assembly System for Industry 4.0 Concept	97
A Practical Overview of Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Microplastics in Riverine Environments	97
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Big Data Analytics in the Digital Transformation Era: Case Study of Jordanian SMEs	97
Agrivoltaic Systems Design and Assessment: A Critical Review, and a Descriptive Model towards a Sustainable Landscape Vision (Three-Dimensional Agrivoltaic Patterns)	97
BIM and LCA Integration: A Systematic Literature Review	97
Identification and Analysis of Barriers against Electric Vehicle Use	97
Sustainability in Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review	97

Understanding the Impact of ESG Practices in Corporate Finance	97
Circular Economy Models in Agro-Food Systems: A Review	96
Transformation of Solid Waste Management in China: Moving towards Sustainability through Digitalization-Based Circular Economy	96
A Critical Review of Academic Approaches, Methods and Tools to Assess Circular Economy at the Micro Level	96
The Effects of Digital Transformation on Firm Performance: Evidence from China’s Manufacturing Sector	96
Effects of Circular Economy Policies on the Environment and Sustainable Growth: Worldwide Research	96
Can Digital Transformation Promote Green Technology Innovation?	96
Digital Economy and Environmental Quality: Evidence from 217 Cities in China	96
The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Opportunity to Foster the Sustainable Development of Teaching in Higher Education	95
Customer Behavior as an Outcome of Social Media Marketing: The Role of Social Media Marketing Activity and Customer Experience	95
An Evaluation of the Tourism-Induced Environmental Kuznets Curve (T-EKC) Hypothesis: Evidence from G7 Countries	95
Novel Multi-Criteria Intuitionistic Fuzzy SWARA–COPRAS Approach for Sustainability Evaluation of the Bioenergy Production Process	95
Sustainable Food Supply Chains: Is Shortening the Answer? A Literature Review for a Research and Innovation Agenda	94
Quality 4.0: The EFQM 2020 Model and Industry 4.0 Relationships and Implications	94
Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection and Prediction in the Kathmandu District of Nepal Using Remote Sensing and GIS	94
Modelling and Prediction of Water Quality by Using Artificial Intelligence	94
Current Progress and Future Prospects of Agriculture Technology: Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture	94
Self-Perception of the Digital Competence of Educators during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Analysis of Different Educational Stages	93
Chromium Stress in Plants: Toxicity, Tolerance and Phytoremediation	93
Real-Time DDoS Attack Detection System Using Big Data Approach	93
Dietary Fiber from Underutilized Plant Resources—A Positive Approach for Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes	93
Fruit Image Classification Model Based on MobileNetV2 with Deep Transfer Learning Technique	93
A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 across Science and Social Science Research Landscape	93
Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY	93
Real-Time Vehicle Detection Based on Improved YOLO v5	92
The Impacts of Fear and Uncertainty of COVID-19 on Environmental Concerns, Brand Trust, and Behavioral Intentions toward Green Hotels	92
CSR, Co-Creation and Green Consumer Loyalty: Are Green Banking Initiatives Important? A Moderated Mediation Approach from an Emerging Economy	92
Has Digital Financial Inclusion Narrowed the Urban-Rural Income Gap: The Role of Entrepreneurship in China	92
Sustainable B2B E-Commerce and Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Finance	92
Role of Government to Enhance Digital Transformation in Small Service Business	92
Worldwide Research on Geoparks through Bibliometric Analysis	92
Drought Stress Alleviation by ACC Deaminase Producing Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Enterobacter cloacae, with and without Timber Waste Biochar in Maize	91
University Student Mental Well-Being during COVID-19 Outbreak: What Are the Relationships between Information Seeking, Perceived Risk and Personal Resources Related to the Academic Context?	91
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability. A Bibliometric Analysis of Their Interrelations	91
Immediate Impact of the COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity Levels in Spanish Adults	90
Minimizing Risk of Failure from Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Prosthesis by Selecting Ceramic Materials Based on Tresca Stress	90
An Investigation of Pro-Environmental Behaviour and Sustainable Development in Malaysia	90
Impact on City Bus Transit Services of the COVID–19 Lockdown and Return to the New Normal: The Case of A Coruña (Spain)	89
A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies	89
Analyzing the Characteristics of Green Bond Markets to Facilitate Green Finance in the Post-COVID-19 World	89
Mobile Apps Use and WOM in the Food Delivery Sector: The Role of Planned Behavior, Perceived Security and Customer Lifestyle Compatibility	89
The Limits of Green Finance: A Survey of Literature in the Context of Green Bonds and Green Loans	89
Fuel Cell Power Systems for Maritime Applications: Progress and Perspectives	88
Developing a Holistic Success Model for Sustainable E-Learning: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach	88
Environmental, Social, Governance Activities and Firm Performance: Evidence from China	88
Green Human Resource Management: An Evidence-Based Systematic Literature Review	88
Adapting Universities for Sustainability Education in Industry 4.0: Channel of Challenges and Opportunities	88
Artificial Intelligence and Business Strategy towards Digital Transformation: A Research Agenda	88
A Review of Optimal Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicles under Dynamic Pricing Schemes in the Distribution Charging Network	87
Impact on the Virtual Learning Environment Due to COVID-19	87
Post-COVID 19 Tourism: Will Digital Tourism Replace Mass Tourism?	87
Machine Learning Approach Using MLP and SVM Algorithms for the Fault Prediction of a Centrifugal Pump in the Oil and Gas Industry	87
Plant Protein and Plant-Based Meat Alternatives: Consumer and Nutrition Professional Attitudes and Perceptions	86
Factors Affecting Green Entrepreneurship Intentions in Business University Students in COVID-19 Pandemic Times: Case of Ecuador	86
Blockchain Technology Adoption in Smart Learning Environments	86
Green Artificial Intelligence: Towards an Efficient, Sustainable and Equitable Technology for Smart Cities and Futures	86
Advances in Struvite Precipitation Technologies for Nutrients Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Waste and Wastewater	86
Nitrogen Losses and Potential Mitigation Strategies for a Sustainable Agroecosystem	86
Potential Development of Sustainable 3D-Printed Meat Analogues: A Review	86
Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis of Groundwater Level Using Six Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms Hybridized with ANFIS, SVM, and ANN	86
Examining the Predictors of Resilience and Work Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic	86
Digitalization for Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Potential, Status, and Risks for the MENA Region	85
A Systematic Review on Cognitive Radio in Low Power Wide Area Network for Industrial IoT Applications	85
Sustainability Driven by Agriculture through Digital Transformation	85
Management of Crop Residues for Improving Input Use Efficiency and Agricultural Sustainability	85
Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 on Education Professionals. Toward a Paradigm Shift: ICT and Neuroeducation as a Binomial of Action	85
Microalgae Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment and Biofuel Production	85
A Bibliometric Analysis of Sustainability and Risk Management	85
How (Un)sustainable Environments Are Related to the Diffusion of COVID-19: The Relation between Coronavirus Disease 2019, Air Pollution, Wind Resource and Energy	85
Digital Technologies, Circular Economy Practices and Environmental Policies in the Era of COVID-19	85
The Effectiveness of Online Education during Covid 19 Pandemic—A Comparative Analysis between the Perceptions of Academic Students and High School Students from Romania	84
COVID-19 Could Leverage a Sustainable Built Environment	84
The Mediating Role of Innovation Capability on the Relationship between Strategic Agility and Organizational Performance	84
Environmental Policy Stringency, Technical Progress and Pollution Haven Hypothesis	84
Digitalizing the Closing-of-the-Loop for Supply Chains: A Transportation and Blockchain Perspective	84
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes in Biotechnological and Industrial Processes: A Review	84
Impact Assessment of Additive Manufacturing on Sustainable Business Models in Industry 4.0 Context	84
Ammonium Utilization in Microalgae: A Sustainable Method for Wastewater Treatment	84
Sustainability and Tourism Marketing: A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications between 1997 and 2020 Using VOSviewer Software	84
The Impact of 4IR Digital Technologies and Circular Thinking on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals	83
Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Higher Education Institutions	83
Post-Pandemic Office Work: Perceived Challenges and Opportunities for a Sustainable Work Environment	83
Role of Vegetation as a Mitigating Factor in the Urban Context	83
COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Japan: What Is behind the Initial Flattening of the Curve?	83
A Systematic Literature Review. Relationships between the Sharing Economy, Sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals	83
The Role of Open Innovation and Value Co-creation in the Challenging Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0: Toward a Theoretical Framework	83
Green Packaging from Consumer and Business Perspectives	83
Design for Additive Manufacturing: A Systematic Review	83
Urban Freight Last Mile Logistics—Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Sustainability: A Literature Review	83
The Role of Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience for Tourist Satisfaction, Happiness and Revisit Intention	83
Online Foreign Language Learning in Higher Education and Its Correlates during the COVID-19 Pandemic	83
Urban Resilience Assessment: Mapping Knowledge Structure and Trends	82
A Comprehensive Review on the Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) in Concrete Production	82
Microalgae Cultivation Technologies as an Opportunity for Bioenergetic System Development—Advantages and Limitations	82
Short-Term Load Forecasting of Microgrid via Hybrid Support Vector Regression and Long Short-Term Memory Algorithms	82