Frontiers of Architectural Research

Article	Citations
Collineation measurement: A method for constructing the imperial citadel of Thang Long in harmony with nature	81
“Interface-element-perception” model to evaluation of urban sidewalk visual landscape in the core area of Beijing	75
Research on styles and characteristics of Sino-Western hybrid ancestral halls in modern Jiangnan	68
Evaluation of perceived value and behavioral intentions of citizens in Chinese commercially open communities: A case study of Liuyun Community	48
Fitting equations for the sorption isotherms of cement mortar with salt spray deposition	46
Acculturation and translation: Modern architectural heritage of Zhongshan Park in Xiamen from typological perspective	44
Experience-oriented landscape character assessment for scenic roads: A perceptual-cognitive complementary approach	39
Spatio-temporal continuity in post-earthquake architecture of Francesco Venezia's anomalous monuments in the Belice Valley	39
Water as a common reference for monastic lives and spaces in Cistercian and Han Buddhist monasteries	38
Choice preferences in drum tower design among the Dong people: Evidence from the five villages in Guangxi, China	37
Landscape transparency: An approach to elucidating and harmonizing contradictions in contemporary landscape design	36
Resulting of pedigree and topology of centripetal spatial schema in Chinese traditional cities	36
Reimagining tourism pedestrian street aesthetics through machine learning: Understanding the role of spatial form based on a case study in Luoyang, China	34
Optimising thermal performance of steel façades through self-shading: Calibration, sensitivity analysis, and climatic implications	33
Exploring the synergy of building massing and façade design through evolutionary optimization	32
Ritual, Ceremony, Dwelling: A function-space analysis of Iranian columned Halls from Hasanlu to Pasargadae (1300–540 BC)	31
Kentos: Socio-ecologies of care	30
Solar radiation-based method for early design stages to balance daylight and thermal comfort in office buildings	30
AI approaches to architectural design	30
Deciphering built form complexity of Chinese cities through plot recognition: A case study of Nanjing, China	28
Neurological benefits of third places for young adults in healthy urban environments	28
Impacts of corridor design: An investigation on occupant perception of corridor forms in elderly facilities	26
Influence of built environment and user experience on the waterfront vitality of historical urban areas: A case study of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China	26
Unveiling the potential of space syntax approach for revitalizing historic urban areas: A case study of Yushan Historic District, China	26
Using social sensing to evaluate the effect of spatial planning: A case study of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China	25

A systematic method of generating hinged tessellations by adding hinged plates based on dual graphs	25
Expression and communication in architecture philosophy of vernacular architecture of the Yorubas in Nigeria	25
Linear cultural heritage eco-cultural spatial system: A case study of the Great Tea Route in Shanxi	24
Investigating preferences and influencing factors of age-friendly housing environments across different age groups using the Delphi-Kano model and entropy weight TOPSIS method	24
Valorising Ikseon-dong's Hanok residence as a heritage place	24
Design method based on modularization and customization for rural dwellings: A case study in Nanjing, China	24
AI enabled virtual architecture restoration research: A study of Tang and Song period zhang zang architectural representations in the Ba Shu rock carvings	23
AI for conceptual architecture: Reflections on designing with text-to-text, text-to-image, and image-to-image generators	23
Associative cultural landscape approach to interpreting traditional ecological wisdom: A case of Inuit habitat	23
Interscalable material microstructure organization in performance-based computational design	22
Fire detection strategies for heritage buildings in different microclimates: A case study of Baoguo Monastery in Ningbo, China	21
Energy-efficient virtual sensor-based deep reinforcement learning control of indoor CO2 in a kindergarten	21
The interaction of history and modern thought in the creation of Iran's architecture by investigating the approaches of past-oriented architecture	21
Study on the spatiotemporal evolution of urban spatial structure in Nanjing's main urban area: A coupling study of POI and nighttime light data	20
The first scientific plan of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba: Graphic and dimensional analysis of an oil painting from 1741	20
Urban livability in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods: The experience of the German program “socially integrative city”	20
An interactive approach for generating spatial architecture layout based on graph theory	20
The architecture of the (post) studio: Jackson Pollock's barn and Andy Warhol's Silver Factory	20
Spatial thermal comfort autonomy (sTCA) for corridor–atrium buildings in cold-climate high-density contexts: UTCI-based multi-objective optimisation and sensitivity analysis	20
From Wagner to Wagner: reminiscences of the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in the reconstruction of the Carlo Felice Opera House in Genoa	20
The interactive process of cultural landscape: Taking the trails around Zhengqi Pavilion as an example	19
Reframing the “H” in HBIM: from systematic review to UML-based conceptual modeling	19
Architectural graphics and the experience of space. Freehand drawing and photograph to deepen on communicative qualities in linear perspective	19
Self-adaptability and topological deformation of Ganlan architectural heritage: Conservation and regeneration of Lianghekou Tujia village in Western Hubei, China	18
Spatial evolution and adaptive conservation of Tibetan vernacular architecture along the Gannan section of the Taomin–Chang'an ancient road, China	18
A spatiotemporal analytical framework for non-statutory heritage in the global south: Constructing methodology from rural industrial heritage in Jiangsu, China	18
The mechanism of block form diversification in urban morphological transformation: Case study of grid blocks in Beijing, China	18
A comparative study on the spatial vitality of national squares: A visualization analysis based on multi-source data	18
Investigating the influential post-disaster factors in determining the optimal location of shelters: A case study, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah province, Iran	18
Not really an aftermath. The role of actual construction in the design process of the Sydney Opera House roof	18
Improving thermal comfort in mosques of hot-humid climates through passive and low-energy design strategies	17
A study on the global sensitivity of early-stage design parameters on energy consumption in classroom buildings of Beijing’s universities	17
Performance comparison of deep reinforcement robot-arm learning in sequential fabrication of rule-based building design form	17
Instrumentalization of the fluidity phenomenon in architectural design	16
Study on the distance from green space and social capital of community residents based on the development of smart city—take the city of Lansing as an example	16
Material Engagement Theory and urban formation: Notes towards a theoretical synthesis	15
A multifractal method based on Spacematrix type units for analysing cross-scale characteristics of urban morphology	15
Analyzing image recognition characteristics in landscape architecture: A study using eye tracking with a focus on educational perspectives	15
Impact of floor plans on visibility among healthcare members in inpatient care units: Employing agent-based simulation and social network analysis	15
Investigation of Pirnia's orientation theory (Roon) in Yazd Qajar houses	15
The effect of horizontal elements and building orientation on PM2.5 concentration in classrooms	15
Projecting resistance: A study on the architectural practice strategies of Kunming's Nanping Theater in 1939	14
Uncovering spatiotemporal impacts of landscape patterns on urban carbon emissions: Evidence from machine learning and case study in Wuhan	14
The architectural spatial complexity index (A-SCI): Assessment of cognitive enrichment for hippocampal neurogenesis	14
Urban vitality transfer: Analysis of 50 factors based on 24-h weekday activity in Nanjing	14
Geometry-based graphical methods for solar control in architecture: A digital framework	14
Technological continuity and innovation of city gates from the Han to Yuan dynasties in the Central Plains and Northeast China	13
Current design guidelines’ streetscape improvement for visual perception and walkability: A case study of Sejong City, Republic of Korea	13
When the frontier lost the Great Wall: The spatial planning of the Northern Song Northwest Fortress System	13
Revealing connectivity in residential Architecture: An algorithmic approach to extracting adjacency matrices from floor plans	13

Editing landscapes: Experimental frameworks for territorial-based robotic fabrication	13
A wood-wood joining system suitable for digital fabrication and its application in the design of a “wood-only” spatial module	12
A triangular architectural relation model among sustainability, beauty, and power	12
How to generate a museum floor plan: LoRA for diffusion models, or GANs?	12
How site-specific spatial morphology influences healthy activities in urban green spaces: A case study of Lovers' Garden	12
Revitalizing industrial territories in Ukraine: Spatial model of the tourism cluster in the Prydniprovsk region	11
Mapping all-sky diurnal air temperature in hot-humid area using an adaptive multiscale data fusion approach: a case study in Guangzhou	11
Performance-based firefighting in dense historic settlements: An exploration of a firefighting approach combining value and risk assessment with numerical simulation	11
Designing for well-Being: Using facial micro-expression analysis and EEG biosensor to evaluate human responses to 2D biophilically-driven geometries	11
Cultural heritage tourism and urban regeneration: The case of Fez Medina in Morocco	11
Repurposing leftover transport infrastructure spaces: Case studies from the Netherlands, USA, and China through an urban design governance lens	10
Tea–Chan culture in shaping garden spaces: Intermedial strategies for engaging literati in Buddhist temples of the Tang and Song dynasties	10
Enhancing pedestrian satisfaction in central metro station areas: A 3-dimensional impact-asymmetry analysis across three functional TOD typologies	10
Rethinking the basic plan types of architecture	10
A generative artificial intelligence approach to modular skeletal framework modeling: Bamboo stilt houses as a case study	10
Diagnosing bottlenecks in sports space satisfaction of commercial complexes based on IPA analysis and accurate enhancement strategies: A case study of Shanghai, China	10
Optimal design strategy of traditional courtyard based on performance and data-driven method—A case study of Yanshen ancient town, China	10
Does architectural design require single-objective or multi-objective optimisation? A critical choice with a comparative study between model-based algorithms and genetic algorithms	9
The key spatial elements and high-density development of urban peninsula: A discussion on the relationship between core and cape	9
Cognitive preferences for architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages combining subjective evaluation and eye tracking	9
Recapturing meaning: Toward a new material-based design theory for architecture	9
Spatial sight analysis of Hangzhou Xiaoyingzhou based on tourists' landscape preference	9
Quantifying the quality of outdoor space in high-intensity residential areas: A case study of Nanjing in China	9
Evolution of the “Golden Royal City”: Analytical study on urban forms of ancient capital cities in Myanmar	9
The influence of calculation error of hourly marine meteorological parameter on building energy consumption calculation	9
The impact of biophilic design in Maggie’s Centres: A meta-synthesis analysis	9
Designing with nature: Advancing three-dimensional green spaces in architecture through frameworks for biophilic design and sustainability	9
Digital and physical materiality in contemporary architectural design: A material engagement approach	9
3D extrusion of multi-biomaterial lattices using an environmentally informed workflow	9
Digital heritage construction: Testing the heritage value of construction documentation and building processes through Virtual Reality	9
Spatial characteristics of defensive traditional architecture in multiethnic village of Guangxi: Case studies of Mozhuang Village and Guxietun Village	8
Morphological typology pedigree of centripetal spatial schema in traditional Chinese settlements	8
Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of pop-up activities in Beijing based on artistic ecosystem framework	8
Reimagining synergy between architects and computational systems: Insights from web-based generative design applications	8
Comprehensive improvement of energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality for university library atrium—A multi-objective fast optimization framework	8
Visual fidelity of different immersive displays: An evaluation based on psychophysiological human responses to virtual built environments	8
Exploring thermal comfort for the older adults: A comparative study in Dalian City's diverse living environments	8
Design and mechanism of building responsive skins: State-of-the-art and systematic analysis	8
Neglected vertical linkage: A study on the form of the canal network in the Huainan Salt Area during the Ming and Qing dynasties using space syntax measurements	8
The appropriation of autopoiesis in architecture	8
Simulation and optimization of pedestrian environments in urban residential neighborhoods based on agent-based modeling	8
Problematizing the model-building duality: Examining the New Sacristy at S. Lorenzo, Florence, Italy	8
Designing a retractable roof module based on the kinematics of Class IV mechanism	8
Structural form-finding of bending components in buildings by using parametric tools and principal stress lines	7
Action/reaction: Neighbourhood improvement and informal morphogenesis between urban interventions and informal settlements in Ibero-America	7
Simulation study of non-traveling pedestrian traffic in high-speed railway station areas: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta	7
Contemplative neuroaesthetics and architecture: A sensorimotor exploration	7
Identifying a research gap in relation to family and domestic violence accommodation design within Victoria, Australia: A systematic review	7
Monitoring the transformation in New Cairo's urban vitality and the accompanying social and economic phenomena	7
Computational and conceptual blends: Material considerations and agency in a multi-material design workflow	7
Assessing the environmental impacts of circular economy strategies on multi-residential buildings in Quebec, Canada: a case study approach	7
Enhancing elderly passenger safety in within-station metro transfers: A case study of Xujiapeng Station, Wuhan	7
A constructal poly-narrative of architectural and urban practices and theories across history	7
Day–night vitality modeling in waterfront industrial heritage across demographics	7
Current status and research progress in architectural programming: A comparative analysis between China and other countries	7
A methodological framework for adaptive reuse integrating structural and spatial coordination: Evidence from the Xiaoxihu Historic Block, Nanjing, China	7
Micro-resilience assessment tool for living streets: Development, testing, and application in Chinese Jiangnan’s small and medium-sized cities	7
Creative interior design matching the indoor structure generated through diffusion model with an improved control network	7
“Design nature”: A color interpretation of Bauhaus school building in Dessau and its conceptual origins	7
Understanding the neighborhoods’ in-between spaces on spatial perception, social interaction, and security	7
The Unconventional Village model and its application as a computational design method for compact communities in rural China	6
A Stanislavskian and Barthesian deconstructive analysis of Thinking Architecture of Peter Zumthor: The case of Therme Vals	6
A cultural geographic perspective on the site selection of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in mountainous regions of China	6
A hypothetical comparative evaluation system for arctic indoors	6
Building cognition through material engagement	6
Contemporary construction in historical sites: The missing factors	6
Vernacular heritage for an underlying principle of unity in the architectural process	6
Assessing urban park services for children's wellbeing using user-generated content (UGC): A case study of Shanghai, China	6
Placemaking through perception: Measuring walkability and cultural identity in industrial heritage streets	6
Editorial	6
Drag2Build++: A drag-based 3D architectural mesh editing workflow based on differentiable surface modeling	6
From natural environment to artificial system: Chang'an and its water system in the Western Han Dynasty	6
Multi-objective optimization of spatial morphology for highrise residential buildings in cold-climate regions of China	6
Both walls and embankments: Flood control construction strategies and characteristics of Yellow River floodplain cities in the Ming Dynasty	6
Ordinary Urban Heritage of Rattanakosin: Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods of the historic center of Bangkok	6
Urban landscape structure anatomy: Structure patterns and typology identification in the space-time of Setif City, Algeria	6
A study on the form contemporary developments of Tabriz leather and shoe Bazaar (marketplace) from the late Qajar to current period	5
Equilibrium as the common ground: Introducing embodied perception into structural design with graphic statics	5
Spatial patterns of residents’ daily activity space and its influencing factors based on the CatBoost model: A case study of Nanjing, China	5
Passive cooling techniques in medieval Indian stepwells	5

The long-run estimation role of industrial parks on the level of sustainability in Iran and Turkey	5
Novel 3D printable yeast-based materials for architectural applications	5
A new form-evolving approach for adaptive tree-like structures using feature region principal stress lines method	5
From the backyard to collective gardens in the “blue-courtyard”: Reversing the process of upgrading historic timber-framed courtyard buildings in Madrid	5
Modeling of wind-driven rain absorption ratio of building exterior finishing materials based on field measurements	5
A growing system: Constituent elements and spatial evolution of ancient local Confucian temples in China	5
Cultivating more-than-human care: Exploring bird watching as a landscaping practice on the example of sand martins and flooded gravel pits	5
A study of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of airflow regarding mould on building surfaces	5
Between social and sustainable: A collaborative wood upcycling design process integrating AI and mixed reality tools	5
Understanding pedestrian behavior and spatial relations: A pedestrianized area in Besiktas, Istanbul	5
Exploring entry-exit correlation coefficient (EEC) as new quantitative social activities performance measurement of public space: The case of Dilworth Park, Philadelphia	5
The construction wisdom and inheritance mechanism of human settlements unit in Xizang border in China: A case study of Kejia Village in Ali	5
Study on the gene mapping and formation mechanism of historical buildings influenced by multiculturalism: A case of Gulangyu, China	5
Emerging patterns in the construction of Sejima's, Sanaa's and Nishizawa's domestic spaces, from 1987 to 2010	5
Traditional village preservation status evaluation and optimization based on YOLOv10 and random forest model—take the Tibetan-Qiang region in northwest Sichuan as an example	5
The Hutong neighbourhood grammar: A procedural modelling approach to unravel the rationale of historical Beijing urban structure	5
The morphological evolution of Chinese urban cemeteries from the perspective of fringe belt: A case study of Nanjing	5
Balancing priorities: An importance-performance analysis of architectural heritage protection in China's historical cities	5
Diagnosis of the constructive pathologies of a masonry bridge: the case of the New Bridge of Ronda, Spain.	5
Assessing sustainable practices in architecture: A data-driven analysis of LEED certification adoption and impact in top firms from 2000 to 2023	5
Socioeconomic performance of in-between open spaces in a post-socialist city of Tirana, Albania	5
Line-Area-Point, a framework for quantitative and qualitative analysis of regional architectural culture: The case of architecture in Jiangsu, China	5
Spatial structure and accessibility of urban parks: A multi-scale integration of GIS and space syntax in Xi'an	5
High-rise timber buildings: Benchmarks in structural systems, fire safety, prefabrication efficiency and environmental insights of world's 10 tallest completed mass timber projects	5
Tibetan Archive: Exploring meta-ethnic intangible cultural heritage through VR gamification and AI-driven public education	4
From defence to heritage: Assessing the values of fortified settlements in Türkiye through the ICOFORT charter	4
ArchiWeb: A web platform for AI-driven early-stage architectural design	4
Promoting conservation or change? The UNESCO label of world heritage (re)shaping urban morphology in the Old Town of Lijiang, China	4
Exploring the relationship-oriented spaces of social networks and depressive symptoms among older adults	4
An integrated computational method for calculating dynamic thermal bridges of building facades in tropical countries	4
Investigating the impacts of urban built environments on users of multiple services in elderly care facilities	4
Marginalized Modern Architectural Heritage in Indonesia: The case of transformator huisje (gardu listrik) architecture of the Nederlandsche Indisch era	4
Quantifying the link between industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth over Kenya	4
Is there a need for new kitchen design? Assessing the adaptative capacity of space to enable circularity in multiresidential buildings	4
The architectural characteristics of the traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Shanqal Castle as a case study	4
Morphogenic processes of adaptability and interconnectedness between urban interventions and informal settlements	4
Analysis and constructing the formation of volumetric light space in the works of Louis I. Kahn	4
Lilly Reich: The architecture and critique of an invisibilized woman	4
Quality of public space and sustainable development goals: analysis of nine urban projects in Spanish cities	4
Analysis of COUM's constituent elements and measurement using a multidimensional matrix: An urban morphology perspective based on building blocks	4
Reflection and importance of user interventions in changes and or transformations in temporary housing after the earthquake	4
The walking friendliness of ladder trails for the elderly: An empirical study in Chongqing	4
An analysis of Rem Koolhaas's discourses on architecture and urban design using a corpus-based model	4
Performance analysis and optimization of the buoyancy-driven ventilation in the courtyard building	4
Unraveling the legacy of estancias: Territorial development and housing transformations in Buenos Aires	4
Unpacking the “wow” experience: Exploring profound emotional responses to evocative works of architecture	4
Architectural features and typological analysis of historical Syriac churches in Mardin rural area	4
Revealing urban lingering pattern at lake front: A spatial information mapping approach through public participatory GIS	4
Walking as soft mobility: A multi-criteria GIS-based approach for prioritizing tourist routes	4
The impact of the design of learning spaces on attention and memory from a neuroarchitectural approach: A systematic review	3
Effects of urban greenway built-environment on spatio-temporal pedestrian activity patterns: Insights from the Dasha River Greenway, Shenzhen, China	3
Evolving public perceptions of the renewal of Suzhou neighborhood centers: An integrated sentiment and topic modeling framework	3
Generative AI models for different steps in architectural design: A literature review	3
Regeneration or degeneration? Living heritage evaluation for traditional villages by GWPCA model: Evidence from 60 cases in southeast Shanxi, China	3
Classroom planning from the viewpoints of spatial configuration and children's learning: a case study on “education campuses” in Vienna	3
Multi-objective method of selecting performance-based local climatic zones using binomial logistic regression in warm and humid climate	3
Study on risk assessment model and route optimization for campus travel routes during typhoons	3
Placemaking for social cohesion and economic vitality: The role of urban design in transforming local markets in Pakistan	3
Revisiting the effects of the built environment on place attachment: Individual's emotion and perceived built environment as mediators	3
3D walking network shapes social cohesion of the elderly in aging communities: Evidence from Nanjing, China	3
The virtual-real measurement of Chinese garden impression: A quantitative analysis of cognitive experience of Jiangnan gardens with virtual reality experiments	3
Living geometry, AI tools, and Alexander's 15 fundamental properties. Remodel the architecture studios!	3
Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure: A data-driven computational approach	3
Exploring a spatial-experiential structure within the Chinese literati garden: The Master of the Nets Garden as a case study	3
Architectural programming for a Mongolian medical hospital prep center driven by process flow and behavioral requirements	3
ArchiBuilder: A virtual reality-based gamified experience design for architectural images in Dunhuang murals	3
Influence of misting system on the thermal environment and thermal comfort of seated people in semi-outdoor space in Xi'an, China	3
Evaluation of commercial space accessibility in tourist town: A case research of Maotai Town in China	3
Improved landscape sampling method for landscape character assessment	3
A performance-based generative design framework based on a design grammar for high-rise office towers during early design stage	3
The emotional structuring of the Andean territory: Mapping embodied narratives in Coporaque, Peru	3
A new frontier in design studio: AI and human collaboration in conceptual design	3
Potential of natural ventilation and active cooling systems for thermal comfort improvement of an educational building under climate change scenarios	3
Unpacking visual perception of urban public space using social media images and street view imagery: Insights from Singapore riverfront	3
A framework for rural spatial governance based on the eco-environment oriented development mode: The case of coal mining subsidence area on the Weibei Plateau	3
How urban environments affect public sentiment and physical activity using a cognitive computing framework	3
Gender differences in air movement preference after moderate-intensity exercise	3
Demre St. Nicholas Church: Russian repairs and conservation in the longest century	3
A typology of clustered housing for older adults towards opportunities for social interaction: A case study of Dutch social housing	3
A computation design method for architectural artifacts adapted from traditional Kagome bamboo basketry techniques	3
Courtyard design impact on indoor thermal comfort and utility costs for residential households: Comparative analysis and deep-learning predictive model	3
Proposition and design of a new Micro-Architected Domes family: A biomimicry-based approach	3
Modelling hidden geometry in Madrid “malice houses” (1561–1788): Reversing traces in enlargements to discover original, ingenious designs	3
Utilizing remembrance in architecture: Innovative design strategies for converting schools into nursing homes—Evidence from China and Japan	3
Research on local knowledge categories and formation mechanisms of traditional village landscapes: A case study of Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China	3
Spatial spillover effects of road network topology on visual perception in urban villages	3
TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Navigating post-conflict challenges: Quality of life and heritage conservation in Bab El-Sarai, Saida's old city	3
Investigating visual stress within family and domestic violence refuges in Australia	3
Events as a means to foster knowledge-driven urban development: Experience from the new district development in Nanjing	3