Frontiers of Architectural Research

Article	Citations
Collineation measurement: A method for constructing the imperial citadel of Thang Long in harmony with nature	250
Fitting equations for the sorption isotherms of cement mortar with salt spray deposition	66
Evaluation of perceived value and behavioral intentions of citizens in Chinese commercially open communities: A case study of Liuyun Community	60
“Interface-element-perception” model to evaluation of urban sidewalk visual landscape in the core area of Beijing	50
Acculturation and translation: Modern architectural heritage of Zhongshan Park in Xiamen from typological perspective	47
Forcing biological sciences into architectural design: On conceptual confusions in the field of biomimetic architecture	41
Choice preferences in drum tower design among the Dong people: Evidence from the five villages in Guangxi, China	35
Reimagining tourism pedestrian street aesthetics through machine learning: Understanding the role of spatial form based on a case study in Luoyang, China	34
Landscape transparency: An approach to elucidating and harmonizing contradictions in contemporary landscape design	34
Kentos: Socio-ecologies of care	33
Resulting of pedigree and topology of centripetal spatial schema in Chinese traditional cities	32
AI approaches to architectural design	31
Water as a common reference for monastic lives and spaces in Cistercian and Han Buddhist monasteries	31
Ritual, Ceremony, Dwelling: A function-space analysis of Iranian columned Halls from Hasanlu to Pasargadae (1300–540 BC)	29
Solar radiation-based method for early design stages to balance daylight and thermal comfort in office buildings	29
Neurodiverse-friendly preschools: Aligning inclusive pedagogy and spatial design	28
Impacts of corridor design: An investigation on occupant perception of corridor forms in elderly facilities	28
Spatio-temporal continuity in post-earthquake architecture of Francesco Venezia's anomalous monuments in the Belice Valley	27
An integrated and adaptive spatial module organized around inner courtyard for ash interment chamber in public columbaria: Insights from Nanjing	26
Exploring the synergy of building massing and façade design through evolutionary optimization	25
Neurological benefits of third places for young adults in healthy urban environments	25
Deciphering built form complexity of Chinese cities through plot recognition: A case study of Nanjing, China	25
Influence of built environment and user experience on the waterfront vitality of historical urban areas: A case study of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China	24
Expression and communication in architecture philosophy of vernacular architecture of the Yorubas in Nigeria	23
Unveiling the potential of space syntax approach for revitalizing historic urban areas: A case study of Yushan Historic District, China	23

The building blocks of walkability: Pedestrian activity in Abu Dhabi city center	22
Valorising Ikseon-dong's Hanok residence as a heritage place	22
Design method based on modularization and customization for rural dwellings: A case study in Nanjing, China	22
Associative cultural landscape approach to interpreting traditional ecological wisdom: A case of Inuit habitat	21
Investigating preferences and influencing factors of age-friendly housing environments across different age groups using the Delphi-Kano model and entropy weight TOPSIS method	21
Linear cultural heritage eco-cultural spatial system: A case study of the Great Tea Route in Shanxi	20
Using social sensing to evaluate the effect of spatial planning: A case study of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China	20
A systematic method of generating hinged tessellations by adding hinged plates based on dual graphs	20
AI for conceptual architecture: Reflections on designing with text-to-text, text-to-image, and image-to-image generators	20
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in built environment impacts on urban mobility: Insights from calendar events and new towns in Beijing	19
Interscalable material microstructure organization in performance-based computational design	19
Fire detection strategies for heritage buildings in different microclimates: A case study of Baoguo Monastery in Ningbo, China	18
Analysis of the CPMV index for evaluating indoor thermal comfort in southern China in summer, a case study in Nanjing	17
Study on the spatiotemporal evolution of urban spatial structure in Nanjing's main urban area: A coupling study of POI and nighttime light data	17
Urban livability in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods: The experience of the German program “socially integrative city”	17
An interactive approach for generating spatial architecture layout based on graph theory	17
The interaction of history and modern thought in the creation of Iran's architecture by investigating the approaches of past-oriented architecture	16
The first scientific plan of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba: Graphic and dimensional analysis of an oil painting from 1741	16
Self-adaptability and topological deformation of Ganlan architectural heritage: Conservation and regeneration of Lianghekou Tujia village in Western Hubei, China	16
Energy-efficient virtual sensor-based deep reinforcement learning control of indoor CO2 in a kindergarten	16
From Wagner to Wagner: reminiscences of the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in the reconstruction of the Carlo Felice Opera House in Genoa	16
Performance comparison of deep reinforcement robot-arm learning in sequential fabrication of rule-based building design form	16
A comparative study on the spatial vitality of national squares: A visualization analysis based on multi-source data	16
The interactive process of cultural landscape: Taking the trails around Zhengqi Pavilion as an example	15
Architectural graphics and the experience of space. Freehand drawing and photograph to deepen on communicative qualities in linear perspective	15
The architecture of the (post) studio: Jackson Pollock's barn and Andy Warhol's Silver Factory	15
Improving thermal comfort in mosques of hot-humid climates through passive and low-energy design strategies	15
The mechanism of block form diversification in urban morphological transformation: Case study of grid blocks in Beijing, China	15
Not really an aftermath. The role of actual construction in the design process of the Sydney Opera House roof	15
The effect of horizontal elements and building orientation on PM2.5 concentration in classrooms	14
Study on the distance from green space and social capital of community residents based on the development of smart city—take the city of Lansing as an example	14
A spatiotemporal analytical framework for non-statutory heritage in the global south: Constructing methodology from rural industrial heritage in Jiangsu, China	14
Investigating the influential post-disaster factors in determining the optimal location of shelters: A case study, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah province, Iran	14
A multifractal method based on Spacematrix type units for analysing cross-scale characteristics of urban morphology	13
Study examines spatial composition of vernacular opera stage courtyards in China's Ba shu region	13
Analyzing image recognition characteristics in landscape architecture: A study using eye tracking with a focus on educational perspectives	13
Climatic zoning for energy efficiency applications in buildings based on multivariate statistics: The case of the Brazilian semiarid region	13
Geometry-based graphical methods for solar control in architecture: A digital framework	13
Projecting resistance: A study on the architectural practice strategies of Kunming's Nanping Theater in 1939	13
Material Engagement Theory and urban formation: Notes towards a theoretical synthesis	13
Instrumentalization of the fluidity phenomenon in architectural design	13
Editing landscapes: Experimental frameworks for territorial-based robotic fabrication	12
Urban vitality transfer: Analysis of 50 factors based on 24-h weekday activity in Nanjing	12
A wood-wood joining system suitable for digital fabrication and its application in the design of a “wood-only” spatial module	12
Impact of floor plans on visibility among healthcare members in inpatient care units: Employing agent-based simulation and social network analysis	12
How site-specific spatial morphology influences healthy activities in urban green spaces: A case study of Lovers' Garden	12
Investigation of Pirnia's orientation theory (Roon) in Yazd Qajar houses	12
Performance-based firefighting in dense historic settlements: An exploration of a firefighting approach combining value and risk assessment with numerical simulation	11
How to generate a museum floor plan: LoRA for diffusion models, or GANs?	11
Technological continuity and innovation of city gates from the Han to Yuan dynasties in the Central Plains and Northeast China	11

A triangular architectural relation model among sustainability, beauty, and power	11
Current design guidelines’ streetscape improvement for visual perception and walkability: A case study of Sejong City, Republic of Korea	10
Optimal design strategy of traditional courtyard based on performance and data-driven method—A case study of Yanshen ancient town, China	10
Cultural heritage tourism and urban regeneration: The case of Fez Medina in Morocco	10
Revealing connectivity in residential Architecture: An algorithmic approach to extracting adjacency matrices from floor plans	10
Designing with nature: Advancing three-dimensional green spaces in architecture through frameworks for biophilic design and sustainability	9
A generative artificial intelligence approach to modular skeletal framework modeling: Bamboo stilt houses as a case study	9
The impact of biophilic design in Maggie’s Centres: A meta-synthesis analysis	9
Does architectural design require single-objective or multi-objective optimisation? A critical choice with a comparative study between model-based algorithms and genetic algorithms	9
Revitalizing industrial territories in Ukraine: Spatial model of the tourism cluster in the Prydniprovsk region	9
Designing for well-Being: Using facial micro-expression analysis and EEG biosensor to evaluate human responses to 2D biophilically-driven geometries	9
Spatial sight analysis of Hangzhou Xiaoyingzhou based on tourists' landscape preference	9
Rethinking the basic plan types of architecture	9
Kahn's light: The measurable and the unmeasurable of the Bangladesh National Assembly Building	8
Digital and physical materiality in contemporary architectural design: A material engagement approach	8
The influence of calculation error of hourly marine meteorological parameter on building energy consumption calculation	8
Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health, well-being, and sustainability: A critical review	8
The key spatial elements and high-density development of urban peninsula: A discussion on the relationship between core and cape	8
Quantifying the quality of outdoor space in high-intensity residential areas: A case study of Nanjing in China	8
Evolution of the “Golden Royal City”: Analytical study on urban forms of ancient capital cities in Myanmar	8
Investigation of typical residential block typologies and their impact on pedestrian-level microclimate in summers in Nanjing, China	8
3D extrusion of multi-biomaterial lattices using an environmentally informed workflow	8
The appropriation of autopoiesis in architecture	8
Comprehensive improvement of energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality for university library atrium—A multi-objective fast optimization framework	7
Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of pop-up activities in Beijing based on artistic ecosystem framework	7
Problematizing the model-building duality: Examining the New Sacristy at S. Lorenzo, Florence, Italy	7
Recapturing meaning: Toward a new material-based design theory for architecture	7
Cognitive preferences for architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages combining subjective evaluation and eye tracking	7
Design and mechanism of building responsive skins: State-of-the-art and systematic analysis	7
Micro-resilience assessment tool for living streets: Development, testing, and application in Chinese Jiangnan’s small and medium-sized cities	7
Digital heritage construction: Testing the heritage value of construction documentation and building processes through Virtual Reality	7
Alternative path to modernization: Research on three construction types in wartime Chongqing	7
Neglected vertical linkage: A study on the form of the canal network in the Huainan Salt Area during the Ming and Qing dynasties using space syntax measurements	7
Reimagining synergy between architects and computational systems: Insights from web-based generative design applications	7
Spatial characteristics of defensive traditional architecture in multiethnic village of Guangxi: Case studies of Mozhuang Village and Guxietun Village	7
Role of public space design on the perception of historical environment: A pilot study in Amasya	7
“Design nature”: A color interpretation of Bauhaus school building in Dessau and its conceptual origins	6
Simulation study of non-traveling pedestrian traffic in high-speed railway station areas: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta	6
Adding new floors to old timber-framed buildings: An assessment of demolished and preserved courtyard houses in the historic centre of Madrid	6
Monitoring the transformation in New Cairo's urban vitality and the accompanying social and economic phenomena	6
Structural form-finding of bending components in buildings by using parametric tools and principal stress lines	6
Contemporary construction in historical sites: The missing factors	6
A case study of the railway line: Speculative urbanism and the urban planning process in Nairobi, Kenya	6
Morphological typology pedigree of centripetal spatial schema in traditional Chinese settlements	6
Enhancing elderly passenger safety in within-station metro transfers: A case study of Xujiapeng Station, Wuhan	6
Contemplative neuroaesthetics and architecture: A sensorimotor exploration	6
Current status and research progress in architectural programming: A comparative analysis between China and other countries	6
A constructal poly-narrative of architectural and urban practices and theories across history	6
Exploring thermal comfort for the older adults: A comparative study in Dalian City's diverse living environments	6
Computational and conceptual blends: Material considerations and agency in a multi-material design workflow	6
Identifying a research gap in relation to family and domestic violence accommodation design within Victoria, Australia: A systematic review	6
Understanding the neighborhoods’ in-between spaces on spatial perception, social interaction, and security	6
Creative interior design matching the indoor structure generated through diffusion model with an improved control network	6
Multi-objective optimization of spatial morphology for highrise residential buildings in cold-climate regions of China	6
Study on the gene mapping and formation mechanism of historical buildings influenced by multiculturalism: A case of Gulangyu, China	5
Balancing priorities: An importance-performance analysis of architectural heritage protection in China's historical cities	5
The Hutong neighbourhood grammar: A procedural modelling approach to unravel the rationale of historical Beijing urban structure	5
Ordinary Urban Heritage of Rattanakosin: Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods of the historic center of Bangkok	5
A hypothetical comparative evaluation system for arctic indoors	5
The Unconventional Village model and its application as a computational design method for compact communities in rural China	5
Vernacular heritage for an underlying principle of unity in the architectural process	5
Drag2Build++: A drag-based 3D architectural mesh editing workflow based on differentiable surface modeling	5
Architectonic writing or how to write in the digital: AGI, custom search engines, and the rise of digital characters	5
Emerging patterns in the construction of Sejima's, Sanaa's and Nishizawa's domestic spaces, from 1987 to 2010	5
Traditional village preservation status evaluation and optimization based on YOLOv10 and random forest model—take the Tibetan-Qiang region in northwest Sichuan as an example	5
Nonlinear effects of built environment on living street vitality considering spatial heterogeneity: Evidence from Xiamen Island, China	5
Exploring entry-exit correlation coefficient (EEC) as new quantitative social activities performance measurement of public space: The case of Dilworth Park, Philadelphia	5
A Stanislavskian and Barthesian deconstructive analysis of Thinking Architecture of Peter Zumthor: The case of Therme Vals	5
A study of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of airflow regarding mould on building surfaces	5
Quantifying walkability's non-linear and synergistic effect on metro station area vitality: An empirical study in Shanghai	5
Both walls and embankments: Flood control construction strategies and characteristics of Yellow River floodplain cities in the Ming Dynasty	5
Between social and sustainable: A collaborative wood upcycling design process integrating AI and mixed reality tools	5
The morphological evolution of Chinese urban cemeteries from the perspective of fringe belt: A case study of Nanjing	5
A growing system: Constituent elements and spatial evolution of ancient local Confucian temples in China	5
Assessing sustainable practices in architecture: A data-driven analysis of LEED certification adoption and impact in top firms from 2000 to 2023	5
Urban landscape structure anatomy: Structure patterns and typology identification in the space-time of Setif City, Algeria	5
Understanding pedestrian behavior and spatial relations: A pedestrianized area in Besiktas, Istanbul	5
Building cognition through material engagement	5
Editorial	5
Assessing urban park services for children's wellbeing using user-generated content (UGC): A case study of Shanghai, China	5

From natural environment to artificial system: Chang'an and its water system in the Western Han Dynasty	5
A cultural geographic perspective on the site selection of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in mountainous regions of China	5
Spatial patterns of residents’ daily activity space and its influencing factors based on the CatBoost model: A case study of Nanjing, China	5
A new form-evolving approach for adaptive tree-like structures using feature region principal stress lines method	5
Investigating the impacts of urban built environments on users of multiple services in elderly care facilities	4
Quantifying the link between industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth over Kenya	4
An analysis of Rem Koolhaas's discourses on architecture and urban design using a corpus-based model	4
Exploring the relationship-oriented spaces of social networks and depressive symptoms among older adults	4
Socioeconomic performance of in-between open spaces in a post-socialist city of Tirana, Albania	4
Modeling of wind-driven rain absorption ratio of building exterior finishing materials based on field measurements	4
The architectural characteristics of the traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Shanqal Castle as a case study	4
Cultivating more-than-human care: Exploring bird watching as a landscaping practice on the example of sand martins and flooded gravel pits	4
Architectural features and typological analysis of historical Syriac churches in Mardin rural area	4
Marginalized Modern Architectural Heritage in Indonesia: The case of transformator huisje (gardu listrik) architecture of the Nederlandsche Indisch era	4
An integrated computational method for calculating dynamic thermal bridges of building facades in tropical countries	4
Is there a need for new kitchen design? Assessing the adaptative capacity of space to enable circularity in multiresidential buildings	4
Morphogenic processes of adaptability and interconnectedness between urban interventions and informal settlements	4
A study on the form contemporary developments of Tabriz leather and shoe Bazaar (marketplace) from the late Qajar to current period	4
Analysis and constructing the formation of volumetric light space in the works of Louis I. Kahn	4
Equilibrium as the common ground: Introducing embodied perception into structural design with graphic statics	4
Unraveling the legacy of estancias: Territorial development and housing transformations in Buenos Aires	4
From the backyard to collective gardens in the “blue-courtyard”: Reversing the process of upgrading historic timber-framed courtyard buildings in Madrid	4
Lilly Reich: The architecture and critique of an invisibilized woman	4
ArchiWeb: A web platform for AI-driven early-stage architectural design	4
Promoting conservation or change? The UNESCO label of world heritage (re)shaping urban morphology in the Old Town of Lijiang, China	4
Contradiction and consistency: Deconstruction of landscape bridges based on multiple temporal-spatial scales	4
Passive cooling techniques in medieval Indian stepwells	4
Spatial structure and accessibility of urban parks: A multi-scale integration of GIS and space syntax in Xi'an	4
The long-run estimation role of industrial parks on the level of sustainability in Iran and Turkey	4
The construction wisdom and inheritance mechanism of human settlements unit in Xizang border in China: A case study of Kejia Village in Ali	4
The walking friendliness of ladder trails for the elderly: An empirical study in Chongqing	4
Exploring a spatial-experiential structure within the Chinese literati garden: The Master of the Nets Garden as a case study	3
Events as a means to foster knowledge-driven urban development: Experience from the new district development in Nanjing	3
Demre St. Nicholas Church: Russian repairs and conservation in the longest century	3
TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Navigating post-conflict challenges: Quality of life and heritage conservation in Bab El-Sarai, Saida's old city	3
Integrating spatial vitality and node-place model to evaluate and classify metro station areas in Wuhan	3
Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure: A data-driven computational approach	3
Multi-objective method of selecting performance-based local climatic zones using binomial logistic regression in warm and humid climate	3
Spatial spillover effects of road network topology on visual perception in urban villages	3
A performance-based generative design framework based on a design grammar for high-rise office towers during early design stage	3
Proposition and design of a new Micro-Architected Domes family: A biomimicry-based approach	3
Placemaking for social cohesion and economic vitality: The role of urban design in transforming local markets in Pakistan	3
Reflection and importance of user interventions in changes and or transformations in temporary housing after the earthquake	3
How urban environments affect public sentiment and physical activity using a cognitive computing framework	3
A typology of clustered housing for older adults towards opportunities for social interaction: A case study of Dutch social housing	3
Investigating visual stress within family and domestic violence refuges in Australia	3
Generative AI models for different steps in architectural design: A literature review	3
Influence of misting system on the thermal environment and thermal comfort of seated people in semi-outdoor space in Xi'an, China	3
The emotional structuring of the Andean territory: Mapping embodied narratives in Coporaque, Peru	3
A computation design method for architectural artifacts adapted from traditional Kagome bamboo basketry techniques	3
Study on risk assessment model and route optimization for campus travel routes during typhoons	3
Improved landscape sampling method for landscape character assessment	3
Modelling hidden geometry in Madrid “malice houses” (1561–1788): Reversing traces in enlargements to discover original, ingenious designs	3
Walking as soft mobility: A multi-criteria GIS-based approach for prioritizing tourist routes	3
The impact of the design of learning spaces on attention and memory from a neuroarchitectural approach: A systematic review	3
Green retrofitting of heritage buildings based on (3Ts) framework: An applied case study	3
A framework for rural spatial governance based on the eco-environment oriented development mode: The case of coal mining subsidence area on the Weibei Plateau	3
Courtyard design impact on indoor thermal comfort and utility costs for residential households: Comparative analysis and deep-learning predictive model	3
Gender differences in air movement preference after moderate-intensity exercise	3
ArchiBuilder: A virtual reality-based gamified experience design for architectural images in Dunhuang murals	3
Evaluation of commercial space accessibility in tourist town: A case research of Maotai Town in China	3
Research on local knowledge categories and formation mechanisms of traditional village landscapes: A case study of Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China	3
Quality of public space and sustainable development goals: analysis of nine urban projects in Spanish cities	3
Revealing urban lingering pattern at lake front: A spatial information mapping approach through public participatory GIS	3