OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Soft Robotics is 8. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-08-01 to 2025-08-01.)

Article	Citations
Soft Robotic Perspective and Concept for Planetary Small Body Exploration	128
Twisting and Braiding Fluid-Driven Soft Artificial Muscle Fibers for Robotic Applications	107
Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Force Sensor Incorporated into Soft Robotic Gripper for Improved Grasping Stability	103
Frictional Anisotropic Locomotion and Adaptive Neural Control for a Soft Crawling Robot	96
An Untethered Soft Robot Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers	95
Bioinspired, Shape-Morphing Scale Battery for Untethered Soft Robots	92
Shape Reconstruction of Extensible Continuum Manipulator Based on Soft Sensors	89
Design and Control of Lightweight Bionic Arm Driven by Soft Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles	86
Model-Based 3D Shape Reconstruction of Soft Robots via Distributed Strain Sensing	84
YoMo: Yoshimura Continuum Manipulator for MR Environment	71
Magnetic Soft Catheter Robot System for Minimally Invasive Treatments of Articular Cartilage Defects	68
Stiffness Tunable Magnetic Actuators Based on Shape Memory Polymer/NdFeB Composite for Segmental Controllable Motion	64
Steering Muscle-Based Bio-Syncretic Robot Through Bionic Optimized Biped Mechanical Design	64
Chemically Driven Oscillating Soft Pneumatic Actuation	62
Mechanics and Morphological Compensation Strategy for Trimmed Soft Whisker Sensor	60
Human-Inspired Tactile Perception System for Real-Time and Multimodal Detection of Tactile Stimuli	59
Biomimetic Octopus Suction Cup with Attachment Force Self-Sensing Capability for Cardiac Adhesion	58
Optimal Control of Dielectric Elastomer Actuated Multibody Dynamical Systems	58
Skeletonizing the Dynamics of Soft Continuum Body from Video	58
ZodiAq: An Isotropic Flagella-Inspired Soft Underwater Drone for Safe Marine Exploration	57
Stiffness Preprogrammable Soft Bending Pneumatic Actuators for High-Efficient, Conformal Operation	57
Advancing Soft Robot Proprioception Through 6D Strain Sensors Embedding	56
Nanotextured Soft Electrothermo-Pneumatic Actuator for Constructing Lightweight, Integrated, and Untethered Soft Robotics	54
Harnessing Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Locomotion and Mechanical Intelligence in a Soft Robot	54
Unfolding Textile-Based Pneumatic Actuators for Wearable Applications	51

Hygromachines: Humidity-Powered Wheels, Seesaws, and Vehicles	50
Improvement of Precision Grasping Performance by Interaction Between Soft Finger Pulp and Hard Nail	50
Performance Enhancement of Soft Nanotextured Thermopneumatic Actuator by Incorporating Silver Nanowires into Elastomer Body	49
A Dual-Modal Hybrid Gripper with Wide Tunable Contact Stiffness Range and High Compliance for Adaptive and Wide-Range Grasping Objects with Diverse Fragilities	49
Magnetic Liquid Metal Droplet Robot with Multifunction and High Output Force in Milli-Newton	48
Selaginella lepidophylla-Inspired Multi-Stimulus Cooperative Control MXene-Based Flexible Actuator	47
Thermo-Pneumatic Artificial Muscle: Air-Based Thermo-Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Pumpless Pneumatic Actuation	45
A Variable Stiffness Soft Gripper Based on Rotational Layer Jamming	44
A Variable Stiffness Bioinspired Swallowing Gripper Based on Particle Jamming	44
A Passively Conforming Soft Robotic Gripper with Three-Dimensional Negative Bending Stiffness Fingers	44
A Biomimetic Adhesive Disc for Robotic Adhesion Sliding Inspired by the Net-Winged Midge Larva	43
A Versatile Topology-Optimized Compliant Actuator for Soft Robotic Gripper and Walking Robot	43
A Versatile 3D-Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuator Design for Multi-Functional Applications in Soft Robotics	41
Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field	39
Electro-Thermopneumatically Actuated, Adhesion-Force Controllable Octopus-Like Suction Cup Actuator	38
3D-Printed Soft Sensors for Adaptive Sensing with Online and Offline Tunable Stiffness	38
Toward Onboard Proportional Control of Multi-Chamber Soft Pneumatic Robots: A Magnetorheological Elastomer Valve Array	38
Tunable Soft Lens of Large Focal Length Change	37
Closing the Control Loop with Time-Variant Embedded Soft Sensors and Recurrent Neural Networks	37
A Cut-and-Fold Self-Sustained Compliant Oscillator for Autonomous Actuation of Origami-Inspired Robots	36
Ultralow Voltage High-Performance Nanocellulose-Based Electro-Ionic Actuators for Soft Robots	36
SoftSnap: Rapid Prototyping of Untethered Soft Robots Using Snap-Together Modules	36
A Holistic Indirect Contact Identification Method for Soft Robot Proprioception	35
Tensegrity Robotics	35
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2021	35
Inflatable Particle-Jammed Robotic Gripper Based on Integration of Positive Pressure and Partial Filling	35
Trajectory Planning on Rolling Locomotion of Spherical Movable Tensegrity Robots with Multi-Gait Patterns	34
Fluid-Driven Traveling Waves in Soft Robots	30
Soft Robot Proprioception Using Unified Soft Body Encoding and Recurrent Neural Network	30
Print-and-Spray Electromechanical Metamaterials	30
Fin-Bayes: A Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Framework for Soft Robotic Fingers	30
Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost Silicone and Water-Based Soft Actuator with a High Load-to-Weight Ratio	29
A Deep Learning Framework for Soft Robots with Synthetic Data	29
Reconfigurable, Transformable Soft Pneumatic Actuator with Tunable Three-Dimensional Deformations for Dexterous Soft Robotics Applications	28
Design and Motion Analysis of a Soft Modular Robot for Diverse Environments	28
Introducing the New Deputy-Editor-in-Chief	27
Rapid Soft Material Actuation Through Droplet Evaporation	27
Adaptive and Robust Switchable Adhesion System: Bio-Inspired Synergistic Integration from Octopuses and Geckos	27
A Fast Online Elastic-Spine-Based Stiffness Adjusting Mechanism for Fishlike Swimming	27
Topology Optimization and Prototype of a Multimaterial-Like Compliant Finger by Varying the Infill Density in 3D Printing	26
Honeycomb Jamming: An Enabling Technology of Variable Stiffness Reconfiguration	25
An Ambidextrous STarfish-Inspired Exploration and Reconnaissance Robot (The ASTER-bot)	25
Anguilliform Swimming Performance of an Eel-Inspired Soft Robot	25
Bioinspired Multimodal Multipose Hybrid Fingers for Wide-Range Force, Compliant, and Stable Grasping	25
Texture Discrimination with a Soft Biomimetic Finger Using a Flexible Neuromorphic Tactile Sensor Array That Provides Sensory Feedback	25
Fast Thermal Actuators for Soft Robotics	24
FluidicOscillation-BasedPneumaticActuationfor SoftLocomotionandGrasping	24
A Human-Inspired Soft Finger with Dual-Mode Morphing Enabled by Variable Stiffness Mechanism	24
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2023	23
Piezo-Wormbots for Continuous Crawling	23

The Walking Control of a Crab Biorobot in Amphibious Environment	23
Intentional Blocking Based Photoelectric Soft Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Stability	22
A Hybrid Anchoring Technology Composed of Reinforced Flexible Shells for a Knee Unloading Exosuit	22
Nonlinear Dynamics Research of Ground Undulatory Fin Robot with Flexible Deformation and Frictional Contact	22
Design of a Wearable Real-Time Hand Motion Tracking System Using an Array of Soft Polymer Acoustic Waveguides	21
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024	21
Fluidic Multichambered Actuator and Multiaxis Intrinsic Force Sensing	21
Armor-Based Stable Force Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Steady Actuation Properties	21
Spikebot: A Multigait Tensegrity Robot with Linearly Extending Struts	21
Action Augmentation of Tactile Perception for Soft-Body Palpation	21
MorphGI: A Self-Propelling Soft Robotic Endoscope Through Morphing Shape	20
Single-Actuator Soft Robot for In-Pipe Crawling	20
Design and Feasibility Tests of a Lightweight Soft Gripper for Compliant and Flexible Envelope Grasping	19
Harnessing the Multistability of Kresling Origami for Reconfigurable Articulation in Soft Robotic Arms	19
Optimal Design of Electrode Topology of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on the Parameterized Level Set Method	19
Tuning the Morphology of Suction Discs to Enable Directional Adhesion for Locomotion in Wet Environments	19
Facile Analytical Extraction of the Hyperelastic Constants for the Two-Parameter Mooney–Rivlin Model from Experiments on Soft Polymers	19
Bioinspired Soft Electrostatic Accordion-Fold Actuators	19
Miniaturized Circuitry for Capacitive Self-Sensing and Closed-Loop Control of Soft Electrostatic Transducers	19
An Analysis of Peristaltic Locomotion for Maximizing Velocity or Minimizing Cost of Transport of Earthworm-Like Robots	19
Biomimetic Closed-Loop Control of a Novel Soft Gastric Simulator Toward Emulating Antral Contraction Waves	19
Scaling Up Soft Robotics: A Meter-Scale, Modular, and Reconfigurable Soft Robotic System	19
A Bioinspired Compliant 3D-Printed Soft Gripper	18
Prescribing Cartesian Stiffness of Soft Robots by Co-Optimization of Shape and Segment-Level Stiffness	18
Three-Fingered Soft Pneumatic Gripper Integrating Joint-Tuning Capability	18
An Air Recirculation System Based on Bioinspired Soft Re-Air Valve for Highly Efficient Pneumatic Actuation	18
Soft Crawling Microrobot Based on Flexible Optoelectronics Enabling Autonomous Phototaxis in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments	17
Whisker Sensing by Force and Moment Measurements at the Whisker Base	17
Biohybrid Behavior-Based Navigation with Obstacle Avoidance for Cyborg Insect in Complex Environment	17
An Inchworm-Inspired Fast-Moving Micro Flexible Robot for Autonomous Terrain-Adaptive Exploration	17
Kirigami-Inspired 3D Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Multiple Deformation Modes for Soft Robotic Applications	17
Engineering Magnetic Soft and Reconfigurable Robots	17
A Gecko-Inspired Robot with a Flexible Spine Driven by Shape Memory Alloy Springs	17
Pneumatically Actuated Soft Gripper with Bistable Structures	17
A Reconfigurable Soft Helical Actuator with Variable Stiffness Skeleton	17
Generating Clear Vibrotactile Cues with a Magnet Embedded in a Soft Finger Sheath	17
Fully Soft Pressure Sensor Based on Bionic Spine–Pillar Structure for Robotics Motion Monitoring	17
Analytical Modeling of the Interaction Between Soft Balloon-Like Actuators and Soft Tubular Environment for Gastrointestinal Inspection	17
A Stretchable Fiber with Tunable Stiffness for Programmable Shape Change of Soft Robots	16
Magnetic Continuum Robot with Intraoperative Magnetic Moment Programming	16
Development of an Anthropomorphic Soft Manipulator with Rigid-Flexible Coupling for Underwater Adaptive Grasping	16
Static Modeling of the Fiber-Reinforced Soft Pneumatic Actuators Including Inner Compression: Bending in Free Space, Block Force, and Deflection upon Block Force	16
Programmable Shape-Shifting Soft Robotic Structure Using Liquid Metal Electromagnetic Actuators	16
Perceptually Inspired C⁰-Continuity Haptic Shape Display with Trichamber Soft Actuators	16
Soft Robotic Heart Formed with a Myocardial Band for Cardiac Functions	16
A Bioinspired Soft Swallowing Gripper for Universal Adaptable Grasping	15
Robust Multimodal Indirect Sensing for Soft Robots Via Neural Network-Aided Filter-Based Estimation	15
Flexible Electrical Energy Storage Structure with Variable Stiffness for Soft Robotics and Wearable Electronics	15
Modeling, Analysis, and Computational Design of Muscle-driven Soft Robots	15
A Geometric Kinematic Model for Flexible Voxel-Based Robots	15
Fluid Mechanics of Pneumatic Soft Robots	14
A Soft-Bodied Aerial Robot for Collision Resilience and Contact-Reactive Perching	14
Small-Scale Soft Terrestrial Robot with Electrically Driven Multi-Modal Locomotion Capability	14
Learning-Based Control for Soft Robot–Environment Interaction with Force/Position Tracking Capability	14
A Snake-Inspired Layer-Driven Continuum Robot	14
External Steering of Vine Robots via Magnetic Actuation	14
Modular Bioinspired Hand with Multijoint Rigid-Soft Finger Possessing Proprioception	14
Lattice-and-Plate Model: Mechanics Modeling of Physical Origami Robots	14
MagWorm: A Biomimetic Magnet Embedded Worm-Like Soft Robot	14
Omnidirectional Jump Control of a Locust-Computer Hybrid Robot	14
Variable Stiffness Devices Using Fiber Jamming for Application in Soft Robotics and Wearable Haptics	13
Design and Gesture Optimization of a Soft-Rigid Robotic Hand for Adaptive Grasping	13
Teleoperation of an Anthropomorphic Robot Hand with a Metamorphic Palm and Tunable-Stiffness Soft Fingers	13
Tunable, Textile-Based Joint Impedance Module for Soft Robotic Applications	13
Design and Analysis of Reconfigurable Origami-Based Vacuum Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Versatile Robotic System	13
Variable Rigidity Module with a Flexible Thermoelectric Device for Bidirectional Temperature Control	13
Bioinspired High-Degrees of Freedom Soft Robotic Glove for Restoring Versatile and Comfortable Manipulation	13
Variable Stiffness Electroadhesion and Compliant Electroadhesive Grippers	13
Deformation Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Spiral Soft Actuator Driven by Water Hydraulics for Underwater Manipulator	13
Nonlinear Multimaterial Architecture for Greater Soft Material's Toughness and Delaying Damage Propagation	12
JamTac: A Tactile Jamming Gripper for Searching and Grasping in Low-Visibility Environments	12
Origami Spring-Inspired Shape Morphing for Flexible Robotics	12
Bioinspired Design for Energy-Efficient Soft Actuators Achieving Asymmetrical Spatiotemporal Deformation	12
Design and Kinematic Modeling of a Soft Continuum Telescopic Arm for the Self-Assembly Mechanism of a Modular Robot	12
A Soft Exoskeleton for Tremor Suppression Equipped with Flexible Semiactive Actuator	12
A Wearable Textile-Embedded Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Haptic Display	12
Graphene-Based Thermopneumatic Generator for On-Board Pressure Supply of Soft Robots	12
Bio-SHARPE: Bioinspired Soft and High Aspect Ratio Pumping Element for Robotic and Medical Applications	12
Finite-Time Contraction Control of a Ring-Shaped Soft Pneumatic Actuator Mimicking Gastric Pathologic Motility Conditions	12
Bioinspired Amphibious Origami Robot with Body Sensing for Multimodal Locomotion	12

Origami-Based Flexible Robotic Grippers via Hard-Soft Coupled Multimaterial 3D Printing	12
Soft Pneumatic Actuator with Bimodal Bending Response Using a Single Pressure Source	12
Magnetic Soft Helical Manipulators with Local Dipole Interactions for Flexibility and Forces	12
A Novel Pneudraulic Actuation Method to Enhance Soft Robot Control	11
A Flexible Escape Skin Bioinspired by the Defensive Behavior of Shedding Scales	11
A Novel Inflatable Actuator Based on Simultaneous Eversion Retraction	11
Topology and Morphology Design of Spherically Reconfigurable Homogeneous Modular Soft Robots	11
An Interconnected Soft Modular Robot with Locomotive Modules and Flexible Structures Actuated Through a Single Method	11
SoRSS: A Soft Robot for Bio-Mimicking Stomach Anatomy and Motility	11
Impedance for Assistance: Upper-Limb Assistive Soft Robotic Suit Using Linked-Layer Jamming Mechanisms	11
A Soft Inductive Bimodal Sensor for Proprioception and Tactile Sensing of Soft Machines	11
Enhanced Deformation Resistance and Load-Bearing Capacity in Tip-Growing Robots Through Scale-Inspired Layer Jamming Mechanism	11
Electrostatic Adhesion Clutch with Superhigh Force Density Achieved by MXene-Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene–Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Composites	11
Flexible Capacitive Sensing and Ultrasound Calibration for Skeletal Muscle Deformations	11
A Novel Spider-Inspired Rotary-Rolling Diaphragm Actuator with Linear Torque Characteristic and High Mechanical Efficiency	11
Ultralow-Latency Textile Sensors for Wearable Interfaces with a Human-in-Loop Sensing Approach	10
Sigmoidal Auxiliary Tendon-Driven Mechanism Reinforcing Structural Stiffness of Hyper-Redundant Manipulator for Endoscopic Surgery	10
Endoskeleton Soft Multi-Fingered Hand with Variable Stiffness	10
A Biologically Inspired Ring-Shaped Soft Pneumatic Actuator for Large Deformations	10
Reconfigurable Soft Pneumatic Actuators Using Extensible Fabric-Based Skins	10
Octopus-Inspired Muscular Hydrostats Powered By Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles	10
Analytical Modeling and Design of Generalized Pneu-Net Soft Actuators with Three-Dimensional Deformations	10
Multijointed Pneumatic Soft Hand with Flexible Thenar	10
A Flexible Iontronic Capacitive Sensing Array for Hand Gesture Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks	10
Power Autonomy and Agility Control of an Untethered Insect-Scale Soft Robot	10
Model-Based Design of Variable Stiffness Soft Gripper Actuated by Smart Hydrogels	10
Inverse Origami Design Model for Soft Robotic Development	9
Toward the Development of Large-Scale Inflatable Robotic Arms Using Hot Air Welding	9
Compliant, Large-Strain, and Self-Sensing Twisted String Actuators	9
Latent Representation-Based Learning Controller for Pneumatic and Hydraulic Dual Actuation of Pressure-Driven Soft Actuators	9
Tactile Model O: Fabrication and Testing of a 3D-Printed, Three-Fingered Tactile Robot Hand	9
Precurved, Fiber-Reinforced Actuators Enable Pneumatically Efficient Replication of Complex Biological Motions	9
Design and Development of a Continuum Robot with Switching-Stiffness	9
An Origami Continuum Robot Capable of Precise Motion Through Torsionally Stiff Body and Smooth Inverse Kinematics	9
Simple and Fast Locomotion of Vibrating Asymmetric Soft Robots	9
A Multipole Magnetoactive Elastomer for Vibration-Driven Locomotion	9
Control-Oriented Models for Hyperelastic Soft Robots Through Differential Geometry of Curves	8
Parasitic Capacitance-Free Flexible Tactile Sensor with a Real-Contact Trigger	8
Variable Stiffness Object Recognition with a CNN-Bayes Classifier on a Soft Gripper	8
Complex Three-Dimensional Terrains Traversal of Insect-Scale Soft Robot	8
3D Printed Biomimetic Soft Robot with Multimodal Locomotion and Multifunctionality	8
Role of Fiber Orientations in the Mechanics of Bioinspired Fiber-Reinforced Elastomers	8
A Hybrid Jamming Structure Combining Granules and a Chain Structure for Robotic Applications	8
Bio-Inspired Transparent Soft Jellyfish Robot	8
LM-Jelly: Liquid Metal Enabled Biomimetic Robotic Jellyfish	8
Soft Robotics to Enhance Upper Limb Endurance in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis	8
Soft Robotics: A Route to Equality, Diversity, and Inclusivity in Robotics	8
Soft Robotic Finger with Energy-Coupled Quadrastability	8
Smart Skin: Vision-Based Soft Pressure Sensing System for In-Home Hand Rehabilitation	8
Flexible Manipulator with Low-Melting-Point Alloy Actuation and Variable Stiffness	8
An Exoneuromusculoskeleton for Self-Help Upper Limb Rehabilitation After Stroke	8
A Cephalopod-Inspired Soft-Robotic Siphon for Thrust Vectoring and Flow Rate Regulation	8