OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Soft Robotics is 7. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-05-01 to 2025-05-01.)

Article	Citations
Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Force Sensor Incorporated into Soft Robotic Gripper for Improved Grasping Stability	230
Magnetic Soft Catheter Robot System for Minimally Invasive Treatments of Articular Cartilage Defects	113
YoMo: Yoshimura Continuum Manipulator for MR Environment	97
Shape Reconstruction of Extensible Continuum Manipulator Based on Soft Sensors	96
Soft Robotic Perspective and Concept for Planetary Small Body Exploration	86
Design and Control of Lightweight Bionic Arm Driven by Soft Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles	86
Twisting and Braiding Fluid-Driven Soft Artificial Muscle Fibers for Robotic Applications	81
An Untethered Soft Robot Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers	78
Bioinspired, Shape-Morphing Scale Battery for Untethered Soft Robots	78
Steering Muscle-Based Bio-Syncretic Robot Through Bionic Optimized Biped Mechanical Design	76
Frictional Anisotropic Locomotion and Adaptive Neural Control for a Soft Crawling Robot	67
Optimal Control of Dielectric Elastomer Actuated Multibody Dynamical Systems	65
Skeletonizing the Dynamics of Soft Continuum Body from Video	57
Stiffness Tunable Magnetic Actuators Based on Shape Memory Polymer/NdFeB Composite for Segmental Controllable Motion	57
Stiffness Preprogrammable Soft Bending Pneumatic Actuators for High-Efficient, Conformal Operation	54
Mechanics and Morphological Compensation Strategy for Trimmed Soft Whisker Sensor	54
Advancing Soft Robot Proprioception Through 6D Strain Sensors Embedding	54
Human-Inspired Tactile Perception System for Real-Time and Multimodal Detection of Tactile Stimuli	54
ZodiAq: An Isotropic Flagella-Inspired Soft Underwater Drone for Safe Marine Exploration	53
Chemically Driven Oscillating Soft Pneumatic Actuation	51
Unfolding Textile-Based Pneumatic Actuators for Wearable Applications	50
Harnessing Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Locomotion and Mechanical Intelligence in a Soft Robot	50
Biomimetic Octopus Suction Cup with Attachment Force Self-Sensing Capability for Cardiac Adhesion	49
Nanotextured Soft Electrothermo-Pneumatic Actuator for Constructing Lightweight, Integrated, and Untethered Soft Robotics	48
Thermo-Pneumatic Artificial Muscle: Air-Based Thermo-Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Pumpless Pneumatic Actuation	48

Selaginella lepidophylla-Inspired Multi-Stimulus Cooperative Control MXene-Based Flexible Actuator	47
Improvement of Precision Grasping Performance by Interaction Between Soft Finger Pulp and Hard Nail	47
A Variable Stiffness Soft Gripper Based on Rotational Layer Jamming	46
A Dual-Modal Hybrid Gripper with Wide Tunable Contact Stiffness Range and High Compliance for Adaptive and Wide-Range Grasping Objects with Diverse Fragilities	45
Hygromachines: Humidity-Powered Wheels, Seesaws, and Vehicles	44
A Variable Stiffness Bioinspired Swallowing Gripper Based on Particle Jamming	44
Performance Enhancement of Soft Nanotextured Thermopneumatic Actuator by Incorporating Silver Nanowires into Elastomer Body	43
A Passively Conforming Soft Robotic Gripper with Three-Dimensional Negative Bending Stiffness Fingers	43
Magnetic Liquid Metal Droplet Robot with Multifunction and High Output Force in Milli-Newton	43
3D-Printed Soft Sensors for Adaptive Sensing with Online and Offline Tunable Stiffness	40
Electro-Thermopneumatically Actuated, Adhesion-Force Controllable Octopus-Like Suction Cup Actuator	40
Tunable Soft Lens of Large Focal Length Change	40
Ultralow Voltage High-Performance Nanocellulose-Based Electro-Ionic Actuators for Soft Robots	39
A Cut-and-Fold Self-Sustained Compliant Oscillator for Autonomous Actuation of Origami-Inspired Robots	39
Toward Onboard Proportional Control of Multi-Chamber Soft Pneumatic Robots: A Magnetorheological Elastomer Valve Array	38
A Biomimetic Adhesive Disc for Robotic Adhesion Sliding Inspired by the Net-Winged Midge Larva	38
A Holistic Indirect Contact Identification Method for Soft Robot Proprioception	38
Inflatable Particle-Jammed Robotic Gripper Based on Integration of Positive Pressure and Partial Filling	37
A Versatile Topology-Optimized Compliant Actuator for Soft Robotic Gripper and Walking Robot	36
Closing the Control Loop with Time-Variant Embedded Soft Sensors and Recurrent Neural Networks	36
Print-and-Spray Electromechanical Metamaterials	35
A Versatile 3D-Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuator Design for Multi-Functional Applications in Soft Robotics	35
Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field	35
Reconfigurable, Transformable Soft Pneumatic Actuator with Tunable Three-Dimensional Deformations for Dexterous Soft Robotics Applications	34
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2021	34
Soft Robot Proprioception Using Unified Soft Body Encoding and Recurrent Neural Network	34
Adaptive and Robust Switchable Adhesion System: Bio-Inspired Synergistic Integration from Octopuses and Geckos	33
Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost Silicone and Water-Based Soft Actuator with a High Load-to-Weight Ratio	33
A Deep Learning Framework for Soft Robots with Synthetic Data	33
Fin-Bayes: A Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Framework for Soft Robotic Fingers	33
Trajectory Planning on Rolling Locomotion of Spherical Movable Tensegrity Robots with Multi-Gait Patterns	32
Tensegrity Robotics	32
Fluid-Driven Traveling Waves in Soft Robots	32
Toward a Common Framework and Database of Materials for Soft Robotics	29
Introducing the New Deputy-Editor-in-Chief	28
FluidicOscillation-BasedPneumaticActuationfor SoftLocomotionandGrasping	28
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Stretchable and Transparent Poly(Ethyleneglycol-Sebacate) Elastomers with Autonomous Self-Healing and Capacitive Properties	27
A Human-Inspired Soft Finger with Dual-Mode Morphing Enabled by Variable Stiffness Mechanism	27
Honeycomb Jamming: An Enabling Technology of Variable Stiffness Reconfiguration	27
Rapid Soft Material Actuation Through Droplet Evaporation	27
Anguilliform Swimming Performance of an Eel-Inspired Soft Robot	26
Bioinspired Multimodal Multipose Hybrid Fingers for Wide-Range Force, Compliant, and Stable Grasping	25
Fast Thermal Actuators for Soft Robotics	25
A Fast Online Elastic-Spine-Based Stiffness Adjusting Mechanism for Fishlike Swimming	24
An Ambidextrous STarfish-Inspired Exploration and Reconnaissance Robot (The ASTER-bot)	24
Texture Discrimination with a Soft Biomimetic Finger Using a Flexible Neuromorphic Tactile Sensor Array That Provides Sensory Feedback	24
Topology Optimization and Prototype of a Multimaterial-Like Compliant Finger by Varying the Infill Density in 3D Printing	23
The Walking Control of a Crab Biorobot in Amphibious Environment	23
Nonlinear Dynamics Research of Ground Undulatory Fin Robot with Flexible Deformation and Frictional Contact	22
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2023	22

Piezo-Wormbots for Continuous Crawling	22
Intentional Blocking Based Photoelectric Soft Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Stability	21
Action Augmentation of Tactile Perception for Soft-Body Palpation	21
A Hybrid Anchoring Technology Composed of Reinforced Flexible Shells for a Knee Unloading Exosuit	21
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024	21
Armor-Based Stable Force Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Steady Actuation Properties	21
Fluidic Multichambered Actuator and Multiaxis Intrinsic Force Sensing	20
Tuning the Morphology of Suction Discs to Enable Directional Adhesion for Locomotion in Wet Environments	20
Spikebot: A Multigait Tensegrity Robot with Linearly Extending Struts	20
Single-Actuator Soft Robot for In-Pipe Crawling	20
Design of a Wearable Real-Time Hand Motion Tracking System Using an Array of Soft Polymer Acoustic Waveguides	20
A Flexible, Acoustic Localized Sensor with Mass Block–Beam Structure Based on Polydimethylsiloxane–Silver Nanowires	19
Bioinspired Soft Electrostatic Accordion-Fold Actuators	19
Miniaturized Circuitry for Capacitive Self-Sensing and Closed-Loop Control of Soft Electrostatic Transducers	18
Biohybrid Behavior-Based Navigation with Obstacle Avoidance for Cyborg Insect in Complex Environment	18
Optimal Design of Electrode Topology of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on the Parameterized Level Set Method	18
Harnessing the Multistability of Kresling Origami for Reconfigurable Articulation in Soft Robotic Arms	18
Prescribing Cartesian Stiffness of Soft Robots by Co-Optimization of Shape and Segment-Level Stiffness	18
MorphGI: A Self-Propelling Soft Robotic Endoscope Through Morphing Shape	18
Scaling Up Soft Robotics: A Meter-Scale, Modular, and Reconfigurable Soft Robotic System	18
An Air Recirculation System Based on Bioinspired Soft Re-Air Valve for Highly Efficient Pneumatic Actuation	17
Facile Analytical Extraction of the Hyperelastic Constants for the Two-Parameter Mooney–Rivlin Model from Experiments on Soft Polymers	17
Design and Feasibility Tests of a Lightweight Soft Gripper for Compliant and Flexible Envelope Grasping	17
Biomimetic Closed-Loop Control of a Novel Soft Gastric Simulator Toward Emulating Antral Contraction Waves	17
Three-Fingered Soft Pneumatic Gripper Integrating Joint-Tuning Capability	17
An Analysis of Peristaltic Locomotion for Maximizing Velocity or Minimizing Cost of Transport of Earthworm-Like Robots	16
A Bioinspired Compliant 3D-Printed Soft Gripper	16
Fully Soft Pressure Sensor Based on Bionic Spine–Pillar Structure for Robotics Motion Monitoring	16
Kirigami-Inspired 3D Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Multiple Deformation Modes for Soft Robotic Applications	15
Whisker Sensing by Force and Moment Measurements at the Whisker Base	15
Pneumatically Actuated Soft Gripper with Bistable Structures	15
A Reconfigurable Soft Helical Actuator with Variable Stiffness Skeleton	15
Engineering Magnetic Soft and Reconfigurable Robots	15
A Gecko-Inspired Robot with a Flexible Spine Driven by Shape Memory Alloy Springs	15
Generating Clear Vibrotactile Cues with a Magnet Embedded in a Soft Finger Sheath	15
Soft Crawling Microrobot Based on Flexible Optoelectronics Enabling Autonomous Phototaxis in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments	15
Analytical Modeling of the Interaction Between Soft Balloon-Like Actuators and Soft Tubular Environment for Gastrointestinal Inspection	15
A Stretchable Fiber with Tunable Stiffness for Programmable Shape Change of Soft Robots	14
Soft Robotic Heart Formed with a Myocardial Band for Cardiac Functions	14
Programmable Shape-Shifting Soft Robotic Structure Using Liquid Metal Electromagnetic Actuators	14
Static Modeling of the Fiber-Reinforced Soft Pneumatic Actuators Including Inner Compression: Bending in Free Space, Block Force, and Deflection upon Block Force	14
Perceptually Inspired C⁰-Continuity Haptic Shape Display with Trichamber Soft Actuators	14
Development of an Anthropomorphic Soft Manipulator with Rigid-Flexible Coupling for Underwater Adaptive Grasping	14
A Bioinspired Soft Swallowing Gripper for Universal Adaptable Grasping	14
Magnetic Continuum Robot with Intraoperative Magnetic Moment Programming	14
Flexible Electrical Energy Storage Structure with Variable Stiffness for Soft Robotics and Wearable Electronics	14
Learning-Based Control for Soft Robot–Environment Interaction with Force/Position Tracking Capability	14
External Steering of Vine Robots via Magnetic Actuation	13
Modeling, Analysis, and Computational Design of Muscle-driven Soft Robots	13
Omnidirectional Jump Control of a Locust-Computer Hybrid Robot	13
A Geometric Kinematic Model for Flexible Voxel-Based Robots	13
Fluid Mechanics of Pneumatic Soft Robots	13
Small-Scale Soft Terrestrial Robot with Electrically Driven Multi-Modal Locomotion Capability	12
Modular Bioinspired Hand with Multijoint Rigid-Soft Finger Possessing Proprioception	12
Robust Multimodal Indirect Sensing for Soft Robots Via Neural Network-Aided Filter-Based Estimation	12
Lattice-and-Plate Model: Mechanics Modeling of Physical Origami Robots	12
A Snake-Inspired Layer-Driven Continuum Robot	12
A Soft-Bodied Aerial Robot for Collision Resilience and Contact-Reactive Perching	12
MagWorm: A Biomimetic Magnet Embedded Worm-Like Soft Robot	12
Variable Stiffness Devices Using Fiber Jamming for Application in Soft Robotics and Wearable Haptics	11
Variable Rigidity Module with a Flexible Thermoelectric Device for Bidirectional Temperature Control	11
Graphene-Based Thermopneumatic Generator for On-Board Pressure Supply of Soft Robots	11
Bioinspired High-Degrees of Freedom Soft Robotic Glove for Restoring Versatile and Comfortable Manipulation	11
Design and Gesture Optimization of a Soft-Rigid Robotic Hand for Adaptive Grasping	11
Origami Spring-Inspired Shape Morphing for Flexible Robotics	11
Tunable, Textile-Based Joint Impedance Module for Soft Robotic Applications	11
Variable Stiffness Electroadhesion and Compliant Electroadhesive Grippers	11
Soft Pneumatic Actuator with Bimodal Bending Response Using a Single Pressure Source	11
Deformation Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Spiral Soft Actuator Driven by Water Hydraulics for Underwater Manipulator	11
Bio-SHARPE: Bioinspired Soft and High Aspect Ratio Pumping Element for Robotic and Medical Applications	10
Origami-Based Flexible Robotic Grippers via Hard-Soft Coupled Multimaterial 3D Printing	10
Magnetic Soft Helical Manipulators with Local Dipole Interactions for Flexibility and Forces	10
Teleoperation of an Anthropomorphic Robot Hand with a Metamorphic Palm and Tunable-Stiffness Soft Fingers	10
JamTac: A Tactile Jamming Gripper for Searching and Grasping in Low-Visibility Environments	10
Design and Analysis of Reconfigurable Origami-Based Vacuum Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Versatile Robotic System	10
Design and Kinematic Modeling of a Soft Continuum Telescopic Arm for the Self-Assembly Mechanism of a Modular Robot	10
Nonlinear Multimaterial Architecture for Greater Soft Material's Toughness and Delaying Damage Propagation	10
A Novel Pneudraulic Actuation Method to Enhance Soft Robot Control	9
SoRSS: A Soft Robot for Bio-Mimicking Stomach Anatomy and Motility	9
Electrostatic Adhesion Clutch with Superhigh Force Density Achieved by MXene-Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene–Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Composites	9

Finite-Time Contraction Control of a Ring-Shaped Soft Pneumatic Actuator Mimicking Gastric Pathologic Motility Conditions	9
A Flexible Escape Skin Bioinspired by the Defensive Behavior of Shedding Scales	9
Flexible Capacitive Sensing and Ultrasound Calibration for Skeletal Muscle Deformations	9
A Soft Exoskeleton for Tremor Suppression Equipped with Flexible Semiactive Actuator	9
A Soft Inductive Bimodal Sensor for Proprioception and Tactile Sensing of Soft Machines	9
Bioinspired Amphibious Origami Robot with Body Sensing for Multimodal Locomotion	9
An Interconnected Soft Modular Robot with Locomotive Modules and Flexible Structures Actuated Through a Single Method	9
Impedance for Assistance: Upper-Limb Assistive Soft Robotic Suit Using Linked-Layer Jamming Mechanisms	8
A Biologically Inspired Ring-Shaped Soft Pneumatic Actuator for Large Deformations	8
A Wearable Textile-Embedded Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Haptic Display	8
Reconfigurable Soft Pneumatic Actuators Using Extensible Fabric-Based Skins	8
Topology and Morphology Design of Spherically Reconfigurable Homogeneous Modular Soft Robots	8
Ultralow-Latency Textile Sensors for Wearable Interfaces with a Human-in-Loop Sensing Approach	8
Multijointed Pneumatic Soft Hand with Flexible Thenar	8
Power Autonomy and Agility Control of an Untethered Insect-Scale Soft Robot	8
Analytical Modeling and Design of Generalized Pneu-Net Soft Actuators with Three-Dimensional Deformations	8
A Novel Inflatable Actuator Based on Simultaneous Eversion Retraction	8
Endoskeleton Soft Multi-Fingered Hand with Variable Stiffness	8
A Flexible Iontronic Capacitive Sensing Array for Hand Gesture Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks	8
A Novel Spider-Inspired Rotary-Rolling Diaphragm Actuator with Linear Torque Characteristic and High Mechanical Efficiency	8
Octopus-Inspired Muscular Hydrostats Powered By Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles	8
Complex Three-Dimensional Terrains Traversal of Insect-Scale Soft Robot	7
Compliant, Large-Strain, and Self-Sensing Twisted String Actuators	7
Inverse Origami Design Model for Soft Robotic Development	7
Model-Based Design of Variable Stiffness Soft Gripper Actuated by Smart Hydrogels	7
Sigmoidal Auxiliary Tendon-Driven Mechanism Reinforcing Structural Stiffness of Hyper-Redundant Manipulator for Endoscopic Surgery	7
Design and Development of a Continuum Robot with Switching-Stiffness	7
Soft Robotics: A Route to Equality, Diversity, and Inclusivity in Robotics	7
LM-Jelly: Liquid Metal Enabled Biomimetic Robotic Jellyfish	7
Toward the Development of Large-Scale Inflatable Robotic Arms Using Hot Air Welding	7
Simple and Fast Locomotion of Vibrating Asymmetric Soft Robots	7
An Origami Continuum Robot Capable of Precise Motion Through Torsionally Stiff Body and Smooth Inverse Kinematics	7
A Hybrid Jamming Structure Combining Granules and a Chain Structure for Robotic Applications	7
3D Printed Biomimetic Soft Robot with Multimodal Locomotion and Multifunctionality	7
Soft Robotic Finger with Energy-Coupled Quadrastability	7
Precurved, Fiber-Reinforced Actuators Enable Pneumatically Efficient Replication of Complex Biological Motions	7
A Multipole Magnetoactive Elastomer for Vibration-Driven Locomotion	7
Limpet II: A Modular, Untethered Soft Robot	7
Latent Representation-Based Learning Controller for Pneumatic and Hydraulic Dual Actuation of Pressure-Driven Soft Actuators	7
Soft Robotics to Enhance Upper Limb Endurance in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis	7
An Exoneuromusculoskeleton for Self-Help Upper Limb Rehabilitation After Stroke	7
Tactile Model O: Fabrication and Testing of a 3D-Printed, Three-Fingered Tactile Robot Hand	7