Complex & Intelligent Systems

Article	Citations
RaiseAuth: a novel bio-behavioral authentication method based on ultra-low-complexity movement	485
Multi-colony ant optimization with dynamic collaborative mechanism and cooperative game	312
A novel dynamic reference point model for preference-based evolutionary multiobjective optimization	233
Bi-preference linkage-driven artificial bee colony algorithm with multi-operator fusion	167
HE-SNA: an efficient cross-platform network alignment scheme from privacy-aware perspective	138
Towards computational awareness in autonomous robots: an empirical study of computational kernels	130
Evolutionary stability strategies of tacit collusion in supervised container terminals	113
Correction to: Sleep-wakeup scheduling algorithm for lifespan maximization of directional sensor networks: a discrete cuckoo search optimization algorithm	113
Manet: motion-aware network for video action recognition	104
A noise-constrained lightweight high-quality image hiding method based on invertible neural networks	88
Correction to: MDSTF: a multi-dimensional spatio-temporal feature fusion trajectory prediction model for autonomous driving	79
A knee point-driven many-objective pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm	70
A human learning optimization algorithm with competitive and cooperative learning	68
Knowledge representation for explainable artificial intelligence	66
Bilateral network with rich semantic extractor for real-time semantic segmentation	66
Research on knowledge tracing based on learner fatigue state	65
A parallel large-scale multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on two-space decomposition	64
A joint multi-model machine learning prediction approach based on confidence for ship stability	61
An edge enhancement graph neural network model with node discrimination for knowledge graph representation learning	60
Adaptive integrated weight unsupervised multi-source domain adaptation without source data	58
A bilateral context and filtering strategy-based approach to Chinese entity synonym set expansion	55
A comprehensive review of pedestrian re-identification based on deep learning	54
Surrogate-assisted evolutionary neural architecture search with network embedding	53
A multi-layer composite identification scheme of cryptographic algorithm based on hybrid random forest and logistic regression model	53
A practical type-3 Fuzzy control for mobile robots: predictive and Boltzmann-based learning	53

MKER: multi-modal knowledge extraction and reasoning for future event prediction	52
The algorithm for foggy weather target detection based on YOLOv5 in complex scenes	51
EMExplorer: an episodic memory enhanced autonomous exploration strategy with Voronoi domain conversion and invalid action masking	51
A lightweight vision transformer with weighted global average pooling: implications for IoMT applications	50
The dilemma between eliminating dominance-resistant solutions and preserving boundary solutions of extremely convex Pareto fronts	50
Joint entity and relation extraction combined with multi-module feature information enhancement	49
Infrared and visible image fusion network based on multistage progressive injection	49
EMVAS: end-to-end multimodal emotion visualization analysis system	49
A modified evolutionary reinforcement learning for multi-agent region protection with fewer defenders	48
Reinforcement learning-enhanced adaptive sliding mode control for nonlinear systems	48
Distributed ledger technologies in vehicular mobile edge computing: a survey	46
RL4CEP: reinforcement learning for updating CEP rules	43
A novel mechanism-guided residual network for accurate modelling of scroll expander under noisy and sparse data conditions	43
Multi-constraint non-negative matrix factorization for community detection: orthogonal regular sparse constraint non-negative matrix factorization	43
Deep learned vectors’ formation using auto-correlation, scaling, and derivations with CNN for complex and huge image retrieval	43
Starnet-tex: lightweight real-time text detection via middle-order enhanced contextual attention	43
A competitive swarm optimizer with probabilistic criteria for many-objective optimization problems	43
Sleep-wakeup scheduling algorithm for lifespan maximization of directional sensor networks: a discrete cuckoo search optimization algorithm	42
Accuracy is not enough: a heterogeneous ensemble model versus FGSM attack	42
A DCRNN-based ensemble classifier for speech emotion recognition in Odia language	41
A two-stage stacked-based heterogeneous ensemble learning for cancer survival prediction	41
Tactical intent-driven autonomous air combat behavior generation method	40
TCANet: three-stream coordinate attention network for RGB-D indoor semantic segmentation	40
Complex networks after centrality-based attacks and defense	40
Study on non-iterative algorithms for center-of-sets type-reduction of Takagi–Sugeno–Kang type general type-2 fuzzy logic systems	39
Histone-Net: a multi-paradigm computational framework for histone occupancy and modification prediction	39
DCGNN: a single-stage 3D object detection network based on density clustering and graph neural network	38
Lightweight dense video captioning with cross-modal attention and knowledge-enhanced unbiased scene graph	38
Fedisp: an incremental subgradient-proximal-based ring-type architecture for decentralized federated learning	37
Predicting traffic propagation flow in urban road network with multi-graph convolutional network	37
Deep learning based solder joint defect detection on industrial printed circuit board X-ray images	36
A novel ensemble learning-based model for network intrusion detection	36
Efficient image blur detection via hierarchical edge guidance and region complementation	35
An instance-based deep transfer learning method for quality identification of Longjing tea from multiple geographical origins	35
A single-frame infrared small target detection method based on joint feature guidance	35
Identification of switched gated recurrent unit neural networks with a generalized Gaussian distribution	34
Using dual evolutionary search to construct decision tree based ensemble classifier	34
Predicting conversion of Alzheimer’s disease based on multi-modal fusion of neuroimaging and genetic data	34
Pseudo-supervised image clustering based on meta-features	34
T-LLaMA: a Tibetan large language model based on LLaMA2	34
Representation learning of in-degree-based digraph with rich information	34
DensePILAE: a feature reuse pseudoinverse learning algorithm for deep stacked autoencoder	33
Voice adaptation by color-encoded frame matching as a multi-objective optimization problem for future games	33
Picture fuzzy Additive Ratio Assessment Method (ARAS) and VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method for multi-attribute decision problem and their application	32
Multimodal multilevel attention for semi-supervised skeleton-based gesture recognition	32
GCN and GAT-based interpretable knowledge tracing model	30
Decision-making methods based on fuzzy soft competition hypergraphs	30
A generative model-based coevolutionary training framework for noise-tolerant softsensors in wastewater treatment processes	30
A special point-based transfer component analysis for dynamic multi-objective optimization	30
Location-routing optimization of UAV collaborative blood delivery vehicle distribution on complex roads	29

Enhancing multimodal fault diagnosis in mechanical systems via mixture of experts	29
Intelligent algorithms and complex system for a smart parking for vaccine delivery center of COVID-19	29
Pose estimation algorithm based on point pair features using PointNet +  +	29
Correction to: Enhancing cyber defense strategies with discrete multi-dimensional Z-numbers: a multi-attribute decision-making approach	29
An integrated fuzzy credit rating model using fuzzy-BWM and new fuzzy-TOPSIS-Sort-C	29
Unleashing the power of pinyin: promoting Chinese named entity recognition with multiple embedding and attention	29
Comparative study of typical neural solvers in solving math word problems	28
A nonrevisiting genetic algorithm based on multi-region guided search strategy	28
Privacy-preserving time-varying formation control of multi-agent systems under multi-sensor multi-rate sampling mechanism	28
Progressive multi-subspace fusion for text-image matching	28
PCNet: a human pose compensation network based on incremental learning for sports actions estimation	28
MGASM-Net: morphology-guided multi-task learning network with anatomic spatial mamba for 3D airway segmentation	28
Reliability aware green workflow scheduling using ε-fuzzy dominance in cloud	28
Three-way decision based on ITARA and public weights DEA under picture fuzzy environment and its application in new energy vehicles selection	28
Construction and transformation method of 3D models based on the chain-type modular structure	28
Causal discovery and fault diagnosis based on mixed data types for system reliability modeling	28
A multi-intent-aware recommendation algorithm based on interactive graph convolutional networks	27
An accurate star identification approach based on spectral graph matching for attitude measurement of spacecraft	27
Online optimal tracking control of unknown nonlinear singularly perturbed systems using single network adaptive critic with improved learning	27
Mining label-free consistency regularization for noisy facial expression recognition	27
Comprehensive comparisons of gradient-based multi-label adversarial attacks	27
An oversampling algorithm of multi-label data based on cluster-specific samples and fuzzy rough set theory	26
CPP: a path planning method taking into account obstacle shadow hiding	26
Truncated variable algorithm using DUS-neutrosophic Weibull distribution	26
Multiobjective multitasking optimization assisted by multidirectional prediction method	26
Prototype as query for few shot semantic segmentation	25
Correction to: Fractals in Sb-metric spaces	25
End-to-end human inspired learning based system for dynamic obstacle avoidance	25
Emulation-based adaptive differential evolution: fast and auto-tunable approach for moderately expensive optimization problems	25
Adaptive temporal-difference learning via deep neural network function approximation: a non-asymptotic analysis	25
Feature gene selection based on fuzzy neighborhood joint entropy	25
Attention-aware upsampling-downsampling network for autonomous vehicle vision-based multitask perception	25
Graph-based multi-attribute decision-making method with new fuzzy information measures	25
MFA-Deeplabv3+: an improved lightweight semantic segmentation algorithm based on Deeplabv3+	25
Dual-drive collaboration surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm by coupling feature reduction and reconstruction	25
Yager aggregation operators based on complex interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy information and their application in decision making	24
IoT-assisted physical education training network virtualization and resource management using a deep reinforcement learning system	24
Green road–rail intermodal routing problem with improved pickup and delivery services integrating truck departure time planning under uncertainty: an interactive fuzzy programming approach	24
Lightweight camouflaged object detection model based on multilevel feature fusion	24
A spatial–spectral adaptive learning model for textile defect images recognition with few labeled data	23
A semi-supervised learning technique assisted multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for computationally expensive problems	23
Relieving popularity bias in recommendation via debiasing representation enhancement	23
MCPA: multi-scale cross perceptron attention network for 2D medical image segmentation	23
Content-adaptive image compression and encryption via optimized compressive sensing with double random phase encoding driven by chaos	23
Multi-UAV pursuit-evasion gaming based on PSO-M3DDPG schemes	23
Cyberbullying detection using deep transfer learning	23
An empirical study on temporal modeling for online action detection	22
Global semantics correlation transmitting and learning for sketch-based cross-domain visual retrieval	22
Transfer learning for linear regression with differential privacy	22
Cooperative path planning optimization for ship-drone delivery in maritime supply operations	22
Bilateral teleoperation with object-adaptive mapping	22
Information coevolution spreading model and simulation based on self-organizing multi-agents	21
A multi-task learning-based generative adversarial network for red tide multivariate time series imputation	21
PURE: a Prompt-based framework with dynamic Update mechanism for educational Relation Extraction	21
Self-organized multi-target trapping of swarm robots with density-based interaction	21
Multi-objective non-linear programming problem with rough interval parameters: an application in municipal solid waste management	21
Evolutionary game dynamics of multi-agent systems using local information considering hide right	21
Person identification from arm’s hair patterns using CT-twofold Siamese network in forensic psychiatric hospitals	21
Social network analysis and consensus reaching process-driven group decision making method with distributed linguistic information	21
OMSF2: optimizing multi-scale feature fusion learning for pneumoconiosis staging diagnosis through data specificity augmentation	21
An integrated differential evolution of multi-population based on contribution degree	21
A federated learning algorithm using parallel-ensemble method on non-IID datasets	20
Assessment of regional economic restorability under the stress of COVID-19 using the new interval type-2 fuzzy ORESTE method	20
Analysis of public opinion evolution of COVID-19 based on LDA-ARMA hybrid model	20
Automatic algorithm design of distributed hybrid flowshop scheduling with consistent sublots	20
Hierarchical reinforcement learning based on macro actions	19
Generalized spatial–temporal regression graph convolutional transformer for traffic forecasting	19
Mf-net: multi-feature fusion network based on two-stream extraction and multi-scale enhancement for face forgery detection	19
GraphMriNet: a few-shot brain tumor MRI image classification model based on Prewitt operator and graph isomorphic network	19
A blockchain-based hybrid encryption technique with anti-quantum signature for securing electronic health records	19
Quantitative estimation method for complex part surface defects based on multimodal information fusion	19
An end-to-end hand action recognition framework based on cross-time mechanomyography signals	19
A novel image cryptosystem using Gray code, quantum walks, and Henon map for cloud applications	19
APDL: an adaptive step size method for white-box adversarial attacks	19
A real-time semantic visual SLAM for dynamic environment based on deep learning and dynamic probabilistic propagation	19
Energy-based open set domain adaptation with dynamic weighted synergistic mechanism	19
Knowledge distillation based on projector integration and classifier sharing	19
Visual sentiment analysis with semantic correlation enhancement	19
A novel knowledge distillation framework for enhancing small object detection in blurry environments with unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted images	19
Reducing hallucinations of large language models via hierarchical semantic piece	19

Computer vision-based hand gesture recognition for human-robot interaction: a review	18
Surrogate-assisted sine Phasmatodea population evolution algorithm applied to 3D coverage of mobile nodes	18
Covering-based $$(\alpha , \beta )$$-multi-granulation bipolar fuzzy rough set model under bipolar fuzzy preference relation with decision-making applications	18
LVIF: a lightweight tightly coupled stereo-inertial SLAM with fisheye camera	18
A deep learning method DCWR with HANet for stock market prediction using news articles	18
Deep weighted survival neural networks to survival risk prediction	18
Maximal sparse convex surrogate-assisted evolutionary convolutional neural architecture search for image segmentation	18
Threat analysis for space information network based on network security attributes: a review	18
Advancing sustainable electricity markets: evolutionary game theory as a framework for complex systems optimization and adaptive policy design	18
WEClustering: word embeddings based text clustering technique for large datasets	18
Feature selection based on self-information and entropy measures for incomplete neighborhood decision systems	18
Modified chess patterns: handcrafted feature descriptors for facial expression recognition	17
DBSQFusion: a multimodal image fusion method based on dual-channel attention	17
Cl2sum: abstractive summarization via contrastive prompt constructed by LLMs hallucination	17
Multimodal transportation routing optimization based on multi-objective Q-learning under time uncertainty	17
Dual medical image watermarking using SRU-enhanced network and EICC chaotic map	17
Fuzzy graphs and their applications in finding the best route, dominant node and influence index in a network under the hesitant bipolar-valued fuzzy environment	17
A hybrid ant lion optimization chicken swarm optimization algorithm for charger placement problem	17
Distribution matching and structure preservation for domain adaptation	16
VLA-Grasp: a vision-language-action modeling with cross-modality fusion for task-oriented grasping	16
Document-level relation extraction based on sememe knowledge-enhanced abstract meaning representation and reasoning	16
State information-driven surrogate-assisted differential evolution for computationally expensive constrained optimization problems	16
Enhancing context representations with part-of-speech information and neighboring signals for question classification	16
Distributed tracking control of structural balance for complex dynamical networks based on the coupling targets of nodes and links	16
WTI-SLAM: a novel thermal infrared visual SLAM algorithm for weak texture thermal infrared images	16
Rethinking ResNets: improved stacking strategies with high-order schemes for image classification	16
Lifetime prolongation of a wireless charging sensor network using a mobile robot via linear Diophantine fuzzy graph environment	16
Unravelling the complexities of depression with medical intelligence: exploring the interplay of genetics, hormones, and brain function	16
Authorization schemes for internet of things: requirements, weaknesses, future challenges and trends	16
Light-YOLO: a lightweight detection algorithm based on multi-scale feature enhancement for infrared small ship target	16
Evaluation of public bus transport service quality based on circular Pythagorean fuzzy soft Einstein aggregation operators	16
Edge-centric optimization: a novel strategy for minimizing information loss in graph-to-text generation	16
DepthRL: a weakly supervised approach for monocular depth estimation using deep reinforcement learning	16
Efficient structural pseudoinverse learning-based hierarchical representation learning for skin lesion classification	16
Privacy-preserving bipartite output consensus for continuous-time heterogeneous multi-agent systems via event-triggered impulsive control	15
DualCFGL: dual-channel fusion global and local features for sequential recommendation	15
AGF-Net: adaptive global feature fusion network for road extraction from remote-sensing images	15
A review of state-of-the-art techniques for large language model compression	15
A hybrid neural combinatorial optimization framework assisted by automated algorithm design	15
ESS MS-G3D: extension and supplement shift MS-G3D network for the assessment of severe mental retardation	15
Unsupervised learning of optical flow in a multi-frame dynamic environment using temporal dynamic modeling	15
MSM-TDE: multi-scale semantics mining and tiny details enhancement network for retinal vessel segmentation	15
A novel displacement accurate tracking algorithm to improve the effectiveness of SASC pneumatic system in practical applications	15
A novel approach to Fuzzy mixed graph structure with application towards trade relations between countries	15
Prioritizing complex health levels beyond autism triage using fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making	15
Evolutionary convolutional neural network for image classification based on multi-objective genetic programming with leader–follower mechanism	15
Probabilistic prediction with locally weighted jackknife predictive system	15
A hierarchical multi-agent allocation-action learning framework for multi-subtask games	15
Life prediction and health assessment of aero-engine gas path using digital twin and deep learning	15
Auto-weighted multiple kernel tensor clustering	15
LMSOE-Net: lightweight multi-scale small object enhancement network for UAV aerial images	14
Self-selective receptive field network for person re-identification	14
Developing sequentially trained robust Punjabi speech recognition system under matched and mismatched conditions	14
Short-term origin–destination flow prediction for urban rail network: a deep learning method based on multi-source big data	14
Evolutionary optimization of large complex problems	14
A novel adversarial deep TSK fuzzy classifier with its inverse-free fast training	14
Solving puzzles using knowledge-based automation: biomimicry of human solvers	14
Effect of corporate social responsibility on consumer retention for FMCG industries: a deep learning analysis of professional students of Odisha	14
Ofct: a micro-expression spotting method fusing optical flow features and category text information	14
Demonstration and offset augmented meta reinforcement learning with sparse rewards	14
Design of weighted based divided-search enhanced Karnik–Mendel algorithms for type reduction of general type-2 fuzzy logic systems	14
Flexible and objective diagnosis of type II diabetes by using a fuzzy deep learning ensemble approach	14
Situational diversity in video person re-identification: introducing MSA-BUPT dataset	14
Deep matrix factorization via feature subspace transfer for recommendation system	14
$$k^{n}_{m}$$-Rung picture fuzzy information in a modern approach to multi-attribute group decision-making	14
Aczel-Alsina power bonferroni aggregation operators for picture fuzzy information and decision analysis	14
A novel bayesian network-based ensemble classifier chains for multi-label classification	14
Data-driven evolutionary computation for service constrained inventory optimization in multi-echelon supply chains	13
A dynamic multi-attribute group decision-making method with R-numbers based on MEREC and CoCoSo method	13
A node selection algorithm with a genetic method based on PBFT in consortium blockchains	13
Decentralized robust interaction control of modular robot manipulators via harmonic drive compliance model-based human motion intention identification	13
Path planning and collision avoidance based on the RRT*FN framework for a robotic manipulator in various scenarios	13
Dynamic multi-strategy integrated differential evolution algorithm based on reinforcement learning for optimization problems	13
Customized influence maximization in attributed social networks: heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms	13
MDFAC: multi-dimensional feature adaptive calibration for generalized few-shot object detection	13
Novel intuitionistic fuzzy Aczel Alsina Hamy mean operators and their applications in the assessment of construction material	13
CSTrans: cross-subdomain transformer for unsupervised domain adaptation	13
An adaptive model switch-based surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm for noisy expensive multi-objective optimization	13
Applications of graph’s complete degree with bipolar fuzzy information	13
Small sample smart contract vulnerability detection method based on multi-layer feature fusion	13
Mape: defending against transferable adversarial attacks using multi-source adversarial perturbations elimination	13
Learning to solving vehicle routing problems via local–global feature fusion transformer	13
Negation of permutation mass function in random permutation sets theory for uncertain information modeling	13
M-Net: a novel unsupervised domain adaptation framework based on multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery	13
Spatial-temporal episodic memory modeling for ADLs: encoding, retrieval, and prediction	13
Surrogated-assisted multimodal multi-objective optimization for hybrid renewable energy system	13
Gaussian guided frame sequence encoder network for action quality assessment	13
Unveiling user identity across social media: a novel unsupervised gradient semantic model for accurate and efficient user alignment	13
Bootstrapping OTS-Funcimg pre-training model (Botfip): a comprehensive multimodal scientific computing framework and its application in symbolic regression task	13
Product selection based on sentiment analysis of online reviews: an intuitionistic fuzzy TODIM method	13
Human face identification after plastic surgery using SURF, Multi-KNN and BPNN techniques	12
Construction and analysis of multi-relationship bipartite network model	12
A deep learning approach based hardware solution to categorise garbage in environment	12
A few-shot learning-based dual-input neural network for complex spectrogram recognition system with millimeter-wave radar	12
DIB-UAP: enhancing the transferability of universal adversarial perturbation via deep information bottleneck	12