Sustainable Cities and Society

Article	Citations
Assessing the electric demand-side management potential of Helsinki's public service building stock in ancillary markets	411
Coupled simulation of urban water networks and interconnected critical urban infrastructure systems: A systematic review and multi-sector research agenda	400
Multi-agent-based optimal power scheduling of shipboard power systems	389
Projects as game changers for navigating sustainability transitions in societies: Multi-level effects from micro-level decisions	297
Rethinking Japanese public libraries from the perspective of time	278
Corrigendum to “Research on the Traditional Courtyard Typology and Wind Environment Comfort - A case study of Qingshan Fishing Village in Qingdao, China” [Sustainable Cities and Society 130 (2025) 106	223
Model predictive control based optimal operation of smart city	222
Assessment of the food-water-energy nexus suitability of rooftops. A methodological remote sensing approach in an urban Mediterranean area	219
Enhancing SWMM-UrbanEVA for continuous long-term water balance analysis of green infrastructure	210
Spillover effects of built-environment vulnerability on resilience of businesses in urban crises	208
A tactical transactive energy scheduling for the electric vehicle-integrated networked microgrids	198
Systematic review on cooling benefits of landscape strategies for urban thermal environments in the United States	192
Estimating casualties from urban fires: A focus on building and urban environment information	189
Enhancing water management and urban flood resilience using Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model: Case study of Eco-Delta city, Busan	188
Optimized protection coordination of microgrids considering power quality-based voltage indices incorporating optimal sizing and placement of fault current limiters	185
Commercial urban agriculture: A review for sustainable development	180
Parametric analysis of planting strategies and environmental factors for the thermal and aerodynamic effects of indirect green façades	178
Uncovering key components of semi-public spaces in multi-unit residences for enhancing social sustainability	178
Challenges, drivers, and benefits to integrated infrastructure management of water, wastewater, stormwater and transportation systems	176
Application of structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) based approach toward a hybrid urban sustainability assessment system (USAS) of Jordan	175
A multi-objective probabilistic approach for smart voltage control in wind-energy integrated networks considering correlated parameters	171
Assessing Nature-based solutions in the face of urban vulnerabilities: A multi-criteria decision approach	171
How do time-bound practices initiate local sustainability pathways?	167
Topological and functional vulnerability analysis and mitigation for single-source heating networks based on tree models	161
Assessment of European cities from a smartness perspective: An integrated grey MCDM approach	159

A clustering method for measuring accessibility and equity in public transportation service: Case study of Melbourne	155
Street vitality and built environment features: A data-informed approach from fourteen Chinese cities	153
Dynamic impacts of vegetation growth and urban development on microclimate and building energy consumption	152
UBEM-SER: Role of sufficiency, efficiency and renewable in the decarbonization of commercial building stock at city scale	152
Strengthening individual preparedness for extreme cold weather through enhanced messaging, risk perception, and trust	148
Exploring the complex relationship between metro and shared bikes in the built environment: Competition, connection, and complementation	147
Identifying up-to-date urban land-use patterns with visual and semantic features based on multisource geospatial data	144
Evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity and its spatial-temporal dynamic evolution: A case study in Shandong Province, China	143
Socially sustainable mobility: Strategic analysis to identify accessibility barriers	142
Accessibility and Public Transport Mobility for a Smart(er) Island: Evidence from Sardinia (Italy)	142
Fuzzy Q-learning-based approach for real-time energy management of home microgrids using cooperative multi-agent system	141
Embodied energy in existing buildings as a tool for sustainable intervention on urban heritage	140
Developing indicators for sustainable urban regeneration in historic urban areas: Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)	138
Effects of sea-land breeze on air pollutant dispersion in street networks with different distances from coast using WRF-CFD coupling method	138
Finding unrevealed landslide hazard area induced by climate change and topography - Case study for Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, ROK -	138
Renewable energy technology innovation and urbanization: Insights from China	136
Traffic noise assessment in urban Bulgaria using explainable machine learning	136
Dynamics of cool surface performance on urban microclimate: A full-scale experimental study in Singapore	135
Enabling effective climate action plans at city level: Insights from India's metropolitan cities	135
Spatial development indicators as a tool to determine thermal conditions in an urban environment	133
Spatial and social inequality of hierarchical healthcare accessibility in urban system: A case study in Shanghai, China	130
Wildfire-resilient mechanical ventilation systems for single-detached homes in cities of Western Canada	128
Urban form centrality and thermal environment: An empirical study of Chinese megacities	128
Data-driven assessment framework of health cities for elderly individuals in China	127
Spatially resolved air quality index prediction in megacities with a CNN-Bi-LSTM hybrid framework	126
Sustainability-oriented maintenance management of highway bridge networks based on Q-learning	124
Analyzing the cooling effect, thermal comfort, and energy consumption of integrated arrangement of high-rise buildings and green spaces on urban heat island	124
Are New Towns Prone to Urban Heat Island Effect? Implications for Planning Form and Function	123
Towards flood risk mapping based on multi-tiered decision making in a densely urbanized metropolitan city of Istanbul	123
Riding smooth: A cost-benefit assessment of surface quality on Copenhagen’s bicycle network	118
CFD simulations of wind flow and pollutant dispersion in a street canyon with traffic flow: Comparison between RANS and LES	117
Hesitant fuzzy for conflicting criteria in multi-objective deployment of electric vehicle charging stations	116
An event-based model and a map visualization approach for spatiotemporal association relations discovery of diseases diffusion	114
Modeling NO2 concentrations in real urban areas using computational fluid dynamics: A comparative analysis of methods to assess NO2 concentrations from NOx dispersion results	113
Sequential action-based dynamic decision-support model for urban ecological planning	112
Towards urban energy sustainability and resiliency through smart agriculture and effective renewable resource allocation	112
The impact of dynamic traffic conditions on the sustainability of urban fire service	110
Responding to “city cooling action”: Assessing and visualizing community-level urban park cooling service performance in Nanjing, China	110
Nature's hand in megacity cluster progress: Integrating SDG11 with ecosystem service dynamics	110
Assessing the impact of normative messages in encouraging the use of sustainable mobility. An experimental study	109
Dynamics of human speech as aerosol transmission sources: Implications for sustainable urban health based on impulsive jet theory	108
Fault detection and diagnosis for chiller based on feature-recognition model and Kernel Discriminant Analysis	108
Exploring the nexus between social vulnerability, built environment, and the prevalence of COVID-19: A case study of Chicago	108
Passive over active: How low-cost strategies influence urban energy equity	107
An energy consumption model for the Algerian residential building's stock, based on a triangular approach: Geographic Information System (GIS), regression analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis	107
Spatially heterogeneous impacts of urban vitality on carbon emissions: A multi-source data-driven mechanistic analysis	106
Investigating the spatial distribution of resident’s outdoor heat exposure across neighborhoods of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania using urban microclimate modeling	106
Influence of the built environment on social capital and physical activity in Singapore: A structural equation modelling analysis	106
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in urban road dust from Tianjin, China: pollution characteristics, sources and health risk assessment	105
Morphological and functional polycentric structure assessment of megacity: An integrated approach with spatial distribution and interaction	105

The joint health risks of PM2.5 pollution wave and cold spell in eastern China	105
Integrating morphology and vitality to quantify seasonal contributions of urban functional zones to thermal environment	105
How to optimize the 2D/3D urban thermal environment: Insights derived from UAV LiDAR/multispectral data and multi-source remote sensing data	105
The impact of innovation-driven industrial clusters on urban carbon emission efficiency: Empirical evidence from China	103
Assessing annual carbon emissions and its peak year in the Yangtze river economic belt (2021-2035) through land use/land cover analysis	103
Urban mobility scenarios until the 2030s	102
Measuring heat transfer index (HTI): A new method to quantify the spatial influence of land surface temperature between adjacent urban spaces	102
Modeling dynamic competition among urban taxis and the impact on carbon emissions	102
Activity space compactness index from the viewpoint of trip arrival point by lifestyle activity purpose in a mature conurbation	101
Urban-Rural Disparity in Community Resilience: A Multilevel Analysis of the Relief Progress after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake	101
Analysing urban local cold air dynamics and climate functional zones using interpretable machine learning: A case study of Tianhe district, Guangzhou	100
Data-driven prediction of energy consumption of district cooling systems (DCS) based on the weather forecast data	100
Dynamic effects of frequent step changes in outdoor microclimate environments on thermal sensation and dissatisfaction of pedestrian during summer	100
A cost-effective and high-efficient EV shared fast charging scheme with hierarchical coordinated operation strategy for addressing difficult-to-charge issue in old residential communities	99
Effective ventilation and air disinfection system for reducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection risk in office buildings	98
Exploration of non-linear influence mechanisms of traditional courtyard forms on thermal comfort in winter and summer: A case study of Beijing, China	98
Strategies and scenarios to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission in the urban, rural and sustainable neighbourhoods	98
Experimental investigations of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of an energy pile with groundwater seepage	98
Synergies or trade-offs between surface urban heat island and hot extreme: Distinct responses in urban environments	97
Sustainable design of running friendly streets: Environmental exposures predict runnability by Volunteered Geographic Information and multilevel model approaches	96
FPGA control system technology for integrating the PV/wave/FC hybrid system using ANN optimized by MFO techniques	96
A comprehensive and comparative study of an innovative constant-pressure compressed air energy storage (CP-CAES) system	96
Evaluating the association between morphological characteristics of urban land and pluvial floods using machine learning methods	95
Unveiling fine-scale urban third places for remote work using mobile phone big data	95
Comprehensively assessing seasonal variations in the impact of urban greenspace morphology on urban heat island effects: A multidimensional analysis	94
Decision support for improved construction traffic management and planning	94
Toward a societal smart city: Clarifying the social justice dimension of smart cities	94
A new electro-biomembrane integrated renewable-based system to produce power, fresh water and hydrogen for sustainable communities	93
Energy efficient behavior modeling for demand side recommender system in solar microgrid applications using multi-agent reinforcement learning model	93
Deep learning and dynamic simulation based progressive decarbonization roadmap in the building sector in Jiangsu Province	92
Impacts of digital economy agglomeration on carbon emission: A two-tier stochastic frontier and spatial decomposition analysis of China	92
Ensemble intelligent systems for predicting water network condition index	92
Historical changes and driving factors of food-water-energy footprint consumption: A Case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city agglomeration	91
Occupant-centric dynamic heating and cooling loads simplified prediction model for urban community at energy planning stage	90
Early Warning Scheme of COVID-19 related Internet Public Opinion based on RVM-L Model	90
Last-mile-as-a-service (LMaaS): An innovative concept for the disruption of the supply chain	90
Turning points of the relationship between human activity and environmental quality in China	89
The double-edged effect of social media in the collaborative governance of PPP projects from a value perception perspective	89
Spatial assessment of cooling demand and district cooling potential utilizing public data	88
Turbulent transport mechanism in the roughness sublayers over idealized urban areas and its implication to street-level ventilation	88
Tuning urban microclimate: A morpho-patch approach for multi-scale building group energy simulation	88
Evaluation of fast fluid dynamics with different turbulence models for predicting outdoor airflow and pollutant dispersion	88
Artificial intelligence and internet of things in screening and management of autism spectrum disorder	88
Political and community logics jointly affect ‘social distancing’ compliance	87
Density pattern of functional facilities and its responses to urban development, especially in polycentric cities	87
Critical evaluation of the spatiotemporal behavior of UHI, through correlation analyses based on multi-city heterogeneous dataset	87
A cloud fog intelligent approach based on modified algorithm in application of reinforced Smart Microgrid management	86
Innovation-driven cities: Reconciling economic growth and ecological sustainability	86
Retraction Notice to “Pumped hydro energy storage arbitrage in the day-ahead market in smart grid using stochastic p-robust optimization method” [Sustainable Cities and Society 75 (2021) 103274]	86
Spatiotemporal characteristics and robustness analysis of the thermal network in Beijing, China	85
How low-carbon transition enables corporate sustainability: A corporate risk-taking perspective	85
Multi-scale comparison of modeling chains for traffic-related air pollutant emission assessment	85
Retraction Notice to “Risk-based energy management of industrial buildings in smart cities and peer-to-peer electricity trading using second-order stochastic dominance procedure” [Sustainable Cities a	85
A LoRaWAN-based environmental sensing network for urban green space monitoring with demonstrated application for stormwater management	85
Quantifying energy flexibility potential of ground electric vehicles in an airport with real behavior data	84
Is compulsory home quarantine less effective than centralized quarantine in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak? Evidence from Hong Kong	84
Corrigendum to “Exploring temporal and spatial patterns and nonlinear driving mechanism of park perceptions: A multi-source big data study” [Sustainable Cities and Society 119 (2025) 106083]	83
Sustainable society via complexity analysis of the relationship between virtual game reward mechanism and addiction	82
Thermal comfort characteristics of preschool children in kindergartens: A field study during summer in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China	82
Quantifying resilient urban energy systems: Statistical analysis of climate adaptation, renewable integration, and socioeconomic dynamics	81
Evaluation of effectiveness and resources consumption of water mist spray systems in Mediterranean areas by predictions based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks	81
A robust metamodel-based optimization design method for improving pedestrian wind comfort in an infill development project	81
Enhancing the unbalanced distribution network’s hosting capacity for DERs via optimal load re-phasing	81
Household energy vulnerability evaluation in southern Spain through parametric energy simulation models and socio-economic data	80
Can turbo-roundabouts and restricted crossing U-Turn be effective solutions for urban three-leg intersections?	80
Optimizing renewable energy portfolios with a human development approach by fuzzy interval goal programming	80
Exploring intra-urban thermal stress vulnerability within 15-minute city concept: Example of heat waves 2021 in Moscow	79
Assessing the sustainability related concepts of urban development plans in Eastern Europe: A case study of Romania	79
An innovative sustainable multi-energy management framework for full renewable grid-tied microgrids under the transactive energy paradigm	79
Combined compromise solution and blockchain-based structure for optimal scheduling of renewable-based microgrids: Stochastic information approach	79
Modeling ride-hailing and carsharing adoption & use patterns: deciphering the substitutive and complementary impacts of built environment, transit accessibility, & active travel	79
How can cities achieve accelerated systemic decarbonization? Analysis of six frontrunner cities	78
Resilience-oriented adaptable microgrid formation in integrated electricity-gas system with deployment of multiple energy hubs	78
The mediating effect of air pollution in the impacts of urban form on nighttime urban heat island intensity	77
Modeling the low-carbon behaviors’ development paths of freight enterprises based on a survey in Zhejiang, China	77
A bi-level reinforcement learning model for optimal scheduling and planning of battery energy storage considering uncertainty in the energy-sharing community	76
Determining critical success factors for residential reconstruction in the urban city from the perspective of developers	76
Carbon dioxide reduction from an intensive green roof through carbon flux observations and energy consumption simulations	76
InfraRisk: An open-source simulation platform for resilience analysis in interconnected power–water–transport networks	75
Impact of urban street geometry on outdoor pedestrian thermal comfort during heatwave in Nagpur city	75

Unveiling the nonlinear relationships and co-mitigation effects of green and blue space landscapes on PM2.5 exposure through explainable machine learning	75
Research on spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of county-level urban shrinkage in urbanizing China	75
Acceptance of IoT-based and sustainability-oriented smart city services: A mixed methods study	75
A thorough examination of smart city applications: Exploring challenges and solutions throughout the life cycle with emphasis on safeguarding citizen privacy	75
Passenger spatiotemporal distribution prediction in airport terminals based on physics-guided spatio-temporal graph convolutional network and its effect on indoor environment prediction	74
The application of reweighted Markov chains in water-sediment prediction in inland river basins—A case study of the Shiyang River Basin	74
Decarbonization of urban heating systems: mining water and electricity saving and carbon reduction potentials in substations via multi-step clustering and cumulative frequency method	74
Responses of greenhouse gas emissions to reclaimed water replenishment in urban rivers: Patterns, mechanisms, and synergistic management strategies	74
Generation of heat and electricity load profiles with high temporal resolution for Urban Energy Units using open geodata	74
A novel parametric workflow for simulating urban heat island effects on residential building energy use: Coupling local climate zones with the urban weather generator a case study of seven U.S. cities	74
The Fundamental Issues and Development Trends of AI-Driven Transformations in Urban Transit and Urban Space	74
Modeling the infection risk and emergency evacuation under the influence of multiple factors for large-scale urban bioaerosol leakage	73
Pool trading model within a local energy community considering flexible loads, photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems	73
Evaluating the accessibility and equity of urban health resources based on multi-source big data in high-density city	73
The association of apparent temperature with fetal growth: A birth cohort study in Beijing, China	73
The impacts of the built environment on the incidence rate of COVID-19: A case study of King County, Washington	73
Investigating the effect of lower body local radiant warming on occupant thermal comfort in battery electric vehicles during cold conditions	72
Thermal effects of cool roofs and urban vegetation during extreme heat events in three Canadian regions	72
Downwind Warming of Cities? Inequal Heat Distribution Attributed to Winds	72
Carbon emission reduction model for sewage heat recovery and utilization in a northern Chinese city	72
Quantitative attribution framework for urban air pollutant: Investigating policy impact on NO2 emissions of megacities in China and Japan	72
Investigation of a green energy storage system based on liquid air energy storage (LAES) and high-temperature concentrated solar power (CSP): Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) assessmen	72
Revealing the injustice and factors that affect the resilience responses of residents in the full period of heat waves	72
Multi-factor dynamic correlation prediction and analysis of carbon peaking for building sector: A case study of Shaanxi province	72
Quantifying contributions of geographical features to urban GDP outputs via interpretable machine learning	72
Indoors ventilation in times of confinement by SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: A comparative approach between Spain and Italy	71
Identifying the integrated visual characteristics of greenway landscape: A focus on human perception	71
Turning peril into opportunity: Construction and validation of a resilience assessment system for China's coastal megacities	71
Identifying building function using multisource data: A case study of China's three major urban agglomerations	71
High-speed railway development and its impact on urban economy and population: A case study of nine provinces along the Yellow River, China	70
The effect of extremely low sky view factor on land surface temperatures in urban residential areas	70
Flexibility operation for integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy under inertia characteristics and stepped carbon trading mechanism	70
Variations in outdoor thermal comfort in an urban park in the hot-summer and cold-winter region of China	70
The Impact of Urbanization on the Delivery of Public Service–Related SDGs in China	70
Towards climate-responsive net zero energy rural schools: A multi-objective passive design optimization with bio-based insulations, shading, and roof vegetation	70
Multi-parameter cooperative optimization and solution method for regional integrated energy system	70
How to build an eco-efficient city? Cases studies in Chinese urbanization over the past 20 years	69
Cybersecurity vulnerability and resilience of cooperative driving automation for energy efficiency and flow stability in smart cities	69
Discovering spatial-temporal patterns via complex networks in investigating COVID-19 pandemic in the United States	69
Individual-level activity-based modeling and indicators for assessing construction sites noise exposure in urban areas	69
Exploring environmental, economic and social aspects of rainwater harvesting systems: A review	69
Study on the impact of smart energy on carbon emissions in smart cities from single and holistic perspectives – Empirical evidence from China	69
Spatiotemporal assessment of carbon emission reduction by shared bikes in Shenzhen, China	68
Can urban shrinkage contribute to mitigating surface air temperature warming?	68
Multi-objective IGDT-based scheduling of low-carbon multi-energy microgrids integrated with hydrogen refueling stations and electric vehicle parking lots	68
Asymmetric Nash bargaining model for operation optimization of multi-integrated energy systems considering peer-to-peer energy trading	68
A taxonomy of green governance: A qualitative and quantitative analysis towards sustainable development	68
Thermal and humidification effects of a swimming pool in Hong Kong's humid-subtropical summer	67
COVID-19 and campus users: A longitudinal and place-based study of university mobilities in Texas	67
Resilience of urban social-ecological-technological systems (SETS): A review	67
Spatial correlation network of pollution and carbon emission reductions coupled with high-quality economic development in three Chinese urban agglomerations	67
The impact of energy efficiency on carbon emissions: Evidence from the transportation sector in Chinese 30 provinces	67
Rapid prediction of urban flood based on disaster-breeding environment clustering and Bayesian optimized deep learning model in the coastal city	67
Natural or balanced? The physiological and psychological benefits of window views with different proportions of sky, green space, and buildings	66
Quantifying transportation energy vulnerability and its spatial patterns in the United States	66
Enhancing urban thermal comfort during heat waves: Exploring hierarchical optimization strategies through integration of network and patch morphology	66
Influence of urban morphological characteristics on thermal environment	66
Design strategies for renovation of public space in Beijing's traditional communities based on measured microclimate and thermal comfort	66
Understanding the impacts of COVID-19 on bike-sharing travel behaviors: Insights from the literature and a case study in New York City, USA	66
Understanding spatial-temporal travel demand of free-floating bike sharing connecting with metro stations	66
Energy signature approach for retrofit prioritization: A proposal for building identification methodology	66
A holistic life cycle sustainability evaluation of a building project	66
Disparities of compound exposure of particulate matter (PM2.5) and heat index using citywide monitoring networks	65
Corrigendum to “Modeling and spatio-temporal analysis on CO2 emissions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area and surrounding cities based on neural network and autoencoder” [Sustainable Ci	65
Corrigendum to “Estimating sustainability and regional inequalities using an enhanced sustainable development index in China” [Sustainable Cities and Society; 99 (2023):104555]	65
Exploring the thermal effects and influencing factors of urban parks during diurnal variations	65
Relationship between land surface temperature and air quality in urban and suburban areas: Dynamic changes and interaction effects	65
Measuring the social impact of City-region food system initiatives (CRFSIs): A systematic review of indicators and metrics	65
Ecological utility of FQP projects in the stakeholders’ opinion in the light of empirical studies based on the example of the city of Szczecin	64
A lightweight spatiotemporal graph dilated convolutional network for urban sensor state prediction	64
Human-centric computing for inequality energy classification in smart cities: Who gets left to margins while improving quality of life through advanced approaches?	64
How to recognize the threat of social energy exclusion? Demographic and settlement determinants of distributed energy development in Polish towns and cities	64
How do urban reciprocal support network legacies matter to improve the resiliency of urban informal livelihoods?	64
Answer to the letter - Measuring energy poverty and energy vulnerability	64
Compensating eco-recreation opportunities based on the supply-demand relationship between large-scale urban eco-spaces and communities	64
Particulate matter concentrations in social housing	64
Economic Transformations in Urban Industries during Energy Transition: Novel Tradeoff Technique for Balancing Energy Consumption	64
Positivity and difference of influence of built environment around urban park on building energy consumption	63
Thermal respite for pedestrians in overheated urban environments – Introduction of a dynamic analysis of outdoor thermal comfort	63
Knowledge graph based trajectory outlier detection in sustainable smart cities	63
Improving the suitability of selected thermal indices for predicting outdoor thermal sensation in Tehran	63
Towards regenerative neighbourhoods: An international survey on urban strategies promoting the production of ecosystem services	63
A decision framework for multi-dimensional analysis of roof retrofit scenarios to mitigate urban heat Island effects and enhance energy efficiency	62
Uncovering the coupling mechanisms among urban form, surface thermal environments and air pollution	62
Significant social inequalities exist between hot and cold extremes along urban-rural gradients	62
Experimental and numerical investigation on the heating performance of a novel multi-functional heat pump system with solar-air composite heat source	62
The smart city as a hub for nourishing public-private partnerships	62
Subsidy allocation for residential building energy retrofit: A perspective of families' incomes	62
Urbanization and water consumption at national- and subnational-scale: The roles of structural changes in economy, population, and resources	62
Towards a smart water city: A comprehensive review of applications, data requirements, and communication technologies for integrated management	62
Unlocking collaborative carbon reduction potential across Chinese cities: A heterogeneity and endogenous dynamics analysis through network evolution	62
Optimising tree arrangement policy in Australian small-scale residential settings	62
Examination of green roofs' cooling effects in a big city based on multi-source remote sensing data: An example from central Xi’an, China	62
Assessment on embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions in urban water system from life cycle perspective: A typical case of India	61
“Run air-conditioning all day”: Adaptation pathways to increasing heat in the Northern Territory of Australia	61