Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology

Article	Citations
Acute liver failure: Beyond the guidelines, the challenge of liver support therapies	66
Therapeutic benefit of probiotic in alcohol dependence syndrome: Evidence from a tertiary care centre of India	45
Neighborhood opportunity is associated with completion of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance prior to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis	41
ARHGEF39 targeted by E2F1 fosters hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by mediating fatty acid metabolism	39
Pathological complete response of liver metastases of cholangiocarcinoma using hepatic intra-arterial gemcitabine-oxaliplatin	38
An unusual endoscopic appearance of mantle cell lymphoma	37
The efficacy of adjuvant N acetyl cysteine for the eradication of H pylori infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials	35
Contents	33
Residential proximity to pesticide-treated farmland is associated with elevated liver enzymes	32
Editorial board	31
Suicide risk is elevated among patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in the United States	31
Use of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13 for detection of fibrosis in MASLD in the general population	30
Effect of Probiotics on Portal Hypertension (PH) with Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	27
Efficacy and safety of intravenous vedolizumab treatment in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease	27
Effects of saroglitazar in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	24
The synergistic therapeutic effect of imatinib and protein kinase CK2 Inhibition correlates with PI3K-AKT activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors	24
Incidence and risk factors for rebleeding after emergency endoscopic hemostasis for marginal ulcer bleeding	24
Neonatal jaundice caused by compound mutations of SLC10A1 and a novel UGT1A1 gene	23
Abnormal liver steatosis and fibrosis serum biomarker levels among psychiatric inpatients	22
Effects of continuous venous-venous hemofiltration with or without hemoperfusion on patients with hypertriglyceride acute pancreatitis	22
Gastric xanthelasma: A rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding	22
Crigler Najjar syndrome type II with severe jaundice as a new subtype(?) : A rare case report	22
Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma with invasion into right atrium	22
Sustained response and HBsAg loss after nucleo(s)tide analogue discontinuation in chronic hepatitis B patients: the prospective SNAP study	20
An incidental hepatic lesion in a cirrhotic liver	20

Non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of primary sclerosing cholangitis	20
Elevated LINC01232 is associated with poor prognosis and HBV infection in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and contributes to tumor progression in vitro	18
Partial splenectomy in children undergoing liver transplantation or venous shunt for severe hypersplenism: A case control comparative study	18
Sorafenib-induced liver failure in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient: Letter to the editor	18
Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver: A donut-shaped appearance	18
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults screened by vibration controlled transient elastography and its diagnostic discrepancy compared with ultrasound	17
A novel homozygous mutation, c.662_672del, in DGUOK gene causing mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome of type hepatocerebral – A case report	17
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes: A rare infection with very high leukocyte counts in ascitic fluid–case report and review of the literature	17
Relationship between interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene polymorphisms in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma	17
Efficacy of robot-assisted vs. laparoscopy surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis	16
Gastrointestinal Angiectasia in patients with chronic kidney disease: A matched case-control study	16
Improving colorectal cancer screening - consumer-centred technological interventions to enhance engagement and participation amongst diverse cohorts	16
Involvement of oxidative stress, lipid dysmetabolism and gut microbiol dysbiosis in oxaliplatin-induced fatty liver disease: evidence from a tree shrew model	16
High incidence of hepatocarcinoma in patients with advanced fibrosis treated with direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C: A real-world retrospective study	16
Adipose tissue dysfunction and MAFLD in obesity on the scene of COVID-19	16
Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is attenuated by anthocyanins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control and an intervention study	16
Liver fibrosis evaluation in patients with psychiatric diseases	15
The role and evolution of partial splenic embolization over three decades: A multicentric retrospective single cohort study of 90 patients from French nationwide experience	15
Contents	14
Selenium inhibits ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis through the induction of Nrf2/Gpx4	14
Editorial board	14
The pan immune inflammatory value in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic fibrosis	14
Thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and liver disease – A nationwide register-based cohort study	13
Predictive factors of spontaneous common bile duct clearance and unnecessary ERCP in patients with choledocholithiasis	13
An unusual mass in the colon: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor	13
Hypercholanaemia from sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide deficiency in pregnancy	13
A novel XIAP mutation in an adult Chinese patient with refractory Crohn's disease	13
Contents	13
Hepatic steatosis leads to overestimation of liver stiffness measurement in both chronic hepatitis B and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease patients	13
Editorial board	13
Editorial board	13
Editorial board	13
MAdCAM-1 does not play a central role in the early pathophysiology of autoimmune hepatitis	12
Albumin infusion reduces ascite occurrence in Child-Pugh B patients treated by Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab for advanced HCC	12
The impact of secondhand smoke on failure of Helicobacter pylori therapy is not inferior to that of smoking	12
Effects of dapagliflozin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	12
Primary gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma	12
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and the risk of cardiovascular disease	12
Optimization of endoscopic treatment strategies for R0 resection of rectal neuroendocrine tumors smaller than 10 mm	12
Non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of chronic infection with Hepatitis C Virus	11
Non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of chronic liver disease	11
Cardiac metastasis of colorectal cancer: a case report and review of literature	11
FXR contributes to obstructive jaundice-induced vascular hyporeactivity in mesenteric arteries by reconstituting BKCa channels	11
Factors influencing pathological changes in the liver tissue in hepatitis B virus carriers with low-level viremia	11
Rifaximin for Primary prophylaxis of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy After Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A Cohort Analysis	11
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). An overview	11
Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder, report of a novel association with POEMS syndrome. Future challenge for the hepatologist	11
Modified Zhizhu Pill improves the loperamide-induced slow transit constipation via gut microbiota and neurotransmitters in microbiota-gut-brain axis	11
The function of long non-coding RNA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	11
Dependent functional status is an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality and morbidities following colectomy for volvulus: An ACS-NSQIP study from the United States	11

A class of MicroRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review	11
Thermal ablation for hepatic tumors in high-risk locations	10
Aberrant expression of the esophageal carcinoma related gene 4 as a prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma	10
Hepatitis E infection with a benign course during vedolizumab treatment for Crohn's disease: A case report	10
Cap pressure characterization and band ligation for a tiny duodenal angioectasia with acute feeding vessel bleeding mimicking a Dieulafoy lesion	10
Abnormal liver tests and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease predict disease progression and outcome of patients with COVID-19	10
Intentional R1 resection of liver metastases: A new treatment paradigm for patients with advanced colorectal cancer based on a propensity score–Matched case-control analysis	10
BRCA1 and RAD51C promotor methylation in human resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma	10
lncRNA TM4SF1-AS1 predicts dismal outcomes and promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression via modulating miR-744-3p	9
Access to care and the Hispanic paradox among Hispanic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma	9
Lichenoid eruption during antiPD-L1 immunotherapy with avelumab in metastatic colorectal cancer	9
Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) in Crohn’s disease: where are we in 2025? Tribute to Professor Nicolas Barnich	9
Ribavirin-resistant chronic norovirus infection-associated enteropathy in common variable immunodeficiency. Case report and review of the literature	9
Non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of primary malignant liver tumours	9
New findings and advice for resmetirom	9
Discontinuing directly acting antivirals during hepatitis C treatment: highlighting an infrequent but hostile event	9
The role of Zinc L-Carnosine in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal disease in humans: a review.	9
Editorial board	9
Catching the STING: Unlocking senescence and PD-L1 in PBC	9
Five-year effectiveness of either ustekinumab or vedolizumab in 239 patients with Crohn's disease refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor	9
Visceral fat and clinical outcome in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer	9
Association of mitotic checkpoint regulator MAD2L1 with fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C patients	9
Non-bioartificial artificial liver support system in acute liver failure: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	9
Editorial board	8
Indigo naturalis (Qing dai) for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis	8
The efficacy and safety of budesonide combined with azathioprine versus predniso(lo)ne combined with azathioprine for autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	8
The role of tumor microenvironment in lenvatinib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma	8
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin compared to pioglitazone in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized clinical trial	8
Direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt (DIPS) or transjugular transcaval intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TTIPS) to treat complications of portal hypertension: Indications, technique, and outcomes beyo	8
Long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease in autoimmune hepatitis: Over a 20-year population-based study	8
MiR-31-3p do not predict anti-EGFR efficacy in first-line therapy of RAS wild-type metastatic right-sided colon cancer	8
A novel mutation in TRMT5 associated with idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome: Case report of two siblings	8
An unusual case of diarrhea: Autoimmune enteropathy	8
Clinical significance of ribosome production factor 2 homolog in hepatocellular carcinoma	8
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after ligation and sclerotherapy of esophageal and gastric varices	8
Prognostic and predictive value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in combination with systemic inflammatory markers in colon cancer	8
Contents	8
Superiority of frailty over age in predicting outcomes among clostridium difficile patients: Evidence from national data	8
Efficacy and safety of HER2-targeted therapy in patients with colorectal cancer: What should we expect from a meta-analysis?	8
Factors associated with non-presentation in a multidisciplinary team meeting for colon cancer: A matched retrospective cohort study in a French area	8
Clinical significance of LINC02532 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulatory effect on tumor progression	8
Curcumae longae Rhizoma (Jianghuang) extract reverses the 5-Fluoruracil resistance in colorectal cancer cells via TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway	8
Portal-hepatic venous shunt in a patient with trisomy 21	8
Trans-anethole attenuates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through suppressing TGF-β-mediated fibrosis	8
Hepatitis B and C in Pakistan: A silent crisis demanding urgent action	8
Effectiveness of metformin for the reversal of cold-ischemia-induced damage in hepatosteatosis	7
Contents	7
Pathophysiology and management of enteric hyperoxaluria	7
A superficial esophageal cancer with a Rokitansky diverticulum treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection with dental floss clip traction: Letter to the editor	7
Kala-azar in solid organ transplant recipients, a case report and literature review. Ancient disease, old world, new patients	7
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor in decompensated cirrhosis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, and acute-on-chronic liver failure: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	7
Association of serum C-peptide with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in ultrasound-defined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	7
Treatment response, survival, and safety profile of camrelizumab plus apatinib regimen as third-line treatment in metastatic gastric cancer patients	7
Efficacy of gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy remains similar after failure of interventional techniques in refractory gastroparesis	7
TACE plus PD-1 successfully achieves conversion therapy for unresectable HCC with multiple macrovascular invasion: Case report	7
Editorial board	7
Sinomenine hydrochloride improves DSS-induced colitis in mice through inhibition of the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway	7
Altered biliary microbial and metabolic profile reveals the crosstalk between NAFLD and cholelithiasis	7
Editorial board	7
The progression of chronicity and autoimmune hepatitis in recurrent drug-induced liver injury	7
Refractory GERD and systemic sclerosis: The end of a dead end?	7
Intra- and inter-patient diversity in hepatocellular carcinoma based on phosphorylation profiles—A pilot study in a single institution	7
Cardiovascular outcomes post bariatric surgery in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - A systematic review and meta-analysis	7
Clinicopathological characteristics of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma	7
DRESS syndrome associated with a hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis: A rare presentation of DILI induced by a nutritional supplement	7
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding from colonic varices of unknown origin	7
Prevalence and characteristics of cystic fibrosis liver disease: a study highlighting the lack of histological diagnosis	7
Long-term antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease: A multicenter study	7
Impact of sedation type on adenoma detection rate by colonoscopy	7
Evaluation of osteoporosis in adult patients with beta-thalassemia major and its relation to serum sclerostin level	7
Massive peritoneal tumoral dissemination after hepatocellular carcinoma percutaneous microwave ablation with intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation	7
Aging affects FIB-4 index in the general population without pre-existing diseases: Analysis of a cohort of healthy individuals who underwent annual health checkups for 10 consecutive years	6
A retracted diagnosis-when liver capsule retraction is not what it seems	6
Fatal outcome of erythropoietic protoporphyria with advanced liver disease	6
Innovative wide-field superficial en bloc R0 resection of a unique colorectal high-grade dysplasia: "horizontal full-thickness resection"	6
Opportunistic fast-track sub-submerged true underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (uEMR) for a gravity-sided rectal lesion during screening colonoscopy	6
Applying proteomics in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: From mechanism to biomarkers	6
The smoker's paradox in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure: A national inpatient sample analysis from 2015 to 2020	6
Fecal incontinence subtype assessment (FI-SA): A new tool to distinguish among subtypes of fecal incontinence in a neurogenic population	6
Individual and population screening of varices needing treatment by a simple, safe and accurate test	6

Clinical benefit of statin treatment on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or steatohepatitis	6
Hepatic organoids as a platform for liver disease modeling and the development of novel therapies	6
Proton pump inhibitors versus H2-receptor antagonists in cirrhotic patients: A clinical case and literature perspective	6
Physiology-guided albumin therapy in decompensated cirrhosis: the expanding role of point-of-care ultrasound	6
A wandering spleen	6
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt is effective to treat portal hypertension due to sinusoidal obstructive syndrome	6
Editorial board	6
An involvement of Hippo-yes-associated protein pathway in biliary epithelial senescence in primary biliary cholangitis	6
The risk of diabetes mellitus in patients with post-ERCP pancreatitis—A preliminary report	6
Associations of advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel diseases	6
Diagnostic yield of repeat genetic testing in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis	6
Bariatric surgery and liver transplantation, here we are now: A French nationwide retrospective study	6
A systemic mechanism of increased transendothelial migration of leukocytes through the blood-brain barrier in hepatic encephalopathy	5
Assessing the efficacy of farnesoid X receptor agonists in the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis	5
Endoscopic features of low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome: A retrospective cohort study	5
Effectiveness and safety of thioguanine as a maintenance therapy of inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression	5
Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1-associated primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a female patient	5
Correspondence on “Evaluation of long-term changes in liver function and structure in patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective study”	5
Management of portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma	5
Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 correlates with higher inflammation, multiple organ injury and mortality risk in acute pancreatitis, especially in severe acute pancreatitis	5
Effectiveness of mobile health intervention for non alcoholic fatty liver disease- A meta analysis of randomized controlled trials	5
Prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis	5
White adipose tissue in metabolic associated fatty liver disease	5
Prevalence and impact of sarcopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A prospective cohort study	5
Editorial board	5
Metabolic factors drive early increase in hepatic steatosis despite improvement in non-invasive fibrosis markers after hepatitis C eradication with direct-acting antivirals	5
Number of bottles of esophageal biopsies in the evaluation of eosinophilic esophagitis and clinical outcomes	5
Thirty-day outcomes of non-emergent colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	5
Contents	5
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus apatinib-combined therapy versus TACE alone in the treatment of intermediate to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A real-world study	5
Comparison of DEB-TACE and cTACE for the initial treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma beyond up-to-seven criteria: A single-center propensity score matching analysis	5
Prevalence of depression among patients with chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	5
Contents	5
NAFLD: genetics and its clinical implications	5
Comparison of rectal indomethacin and diclofenac for post ERCP pancreatitis prophylaxis: A single center study	5
Analgesics use and risk of pancreatitis: Result from the UK Biobank	5
Development of a cross-species model to predict clinical outcomes based on efficacy in mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	5
A simple cap-assistant method to removal fishbone embedded in the cervical esophageal wall	5
Does the benefit of optimal MASH treatment depend on a reduction in myosteatosis?	5
Eosinophilic oesophagitis: Significantly increasing prevalence in a tertiary London paediatric gastro-intestinal and allergy department	5
Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: An uncommon cystic liver lesion	5
The diagnostic performance of serum αvβ6 autoantibodies for ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	5
Methylation profile of CD247 and FOXP3 genes and frequency of certain HLA-DQ haplotypes in Celiac disease	5
Contents	4
Abstinence is associated with better outcomes in patients with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of an observational study	4
Impact of metformin use on risk and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus	4
Evaluation of a nutritional education guide designed for patients living with cirrhosis: A randomized controlled mixed-methods study	4
Association between prior appendectomy and the risk and course of Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis	4
Glutamine synthetase and hepatocellular carcinoma	4
Nodular gastric antral vascular ectasia: Distinct portal hypertensive hyperplastic polyp lesions	4
Focal loss of mural stratification as a radiological predictor for small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease	4
Syphilitic granulomatous hepatitis	4
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with colon involvement as a mimicker of Crohn's disease	4
Nutrition support in pancreatic cancer: An expert statement on practical implementation of French guidelines	4
Steatosis non-invasive tests accurately predict metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, while fibrosis non-invasive tests fall short: Validation in U.S. adult population	4
Editorial board	4
Higher risk of in-hospital mortality and hepatic encephalopathy during weekend admission in Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt procedure	4
“De novo” cholangiocarcinoma 20 years after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis: Lifelong screening needed!	4
Separating the effects of early and later life body mass index on liver diseases: A Mendelian randomization study	4
Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm combining neuroendocrine tumor with hepatocellular carcinoma in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1	4
Gut dysbiosis in Crohn's disease: Never so close to solving the chicken-and-egg enigma: Commentary to “Gut microbiome composition is associated with future onset of Crohn's disease in healthy first-de	4
Evaluation of long-term changes in liver function and structure in patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective study	4
Safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine vs. midazolam in complex gastrointestinal endoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis	4
Comparative efficacy of diabetes medications on liver enzymes and fat fraction in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta-analysis,,	4
Treatment patterns, risk factors and outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma in France: A retrospective database analysis	4
Advancements of direct oral anticoagulants in cirrhotic individuals with portal vein thrombosis	4
Precision oncology in colorectal cancer: An anatomical revolution through molecular-clinical integration across colonic subsites	4
Expert opinion on hot topics in the field of IBD	4
Editorial board	4
The detection rate of granulomas differs between intestinal segments and lesions in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease	4
Women and liver: Is woman the future of man?	4
Editorial board	4
Contents	4
Effectiveness of medical treatments depending on Crohn’s disease location. That is the question	4
Global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019	4
Natalizumab-induced autoimmune liver injury	4
When cirrhosis meets paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: What kind of “fireworks” scenario will occur?	4
Development of a nomogram for postoperative surgical site infections in patients undergoing bowel resection for Crohn's disease	4
Use of gastroscope for flexible sigmoidoscopy: A procedure at high risk of contamination which should be strictly controlled	4
Complete endoscopic healing is associated with lower disability than partial endoscopic healing in Crohn's disease: A prospective multicenter study	4
Comparison of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones for management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis	4
Endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for early esophageal adenocarcinoma	4
Association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction subtypes and risk of colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study	4
Exploring the relationship between vitamin D and hepatic carcinoma in individuals diagnosed with hepatitis B virus infection	4
T lymphocyte-mediated pyroptosis: A new regulatory mechanism in non-viral liver disease	4
Prophylactic sequential antibiotic therapy for recurrent liver/biliary sepsis	4
Worse fibro-inflammatory activity on diagnostic liver biopsy adversely impacts biochemical remission in autoimmune hepatitis	4
Cholangiopathy in sickle cell disease	4
Adenosquamous intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis	4
Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide deficiency	4
Evaluating the influence of maternal anti-HBs status on the antibody levels in vaccinated children	4
Diagnosis and management of patients with Crohn’s disease. Position paper from the GETAID	4