Motivation Science

Article	Citations
Supplemental Material for Role of Contingency in Reward–Emotion Interactions During the Categorization of Emotional Facial Expressions	63
What is next for situated expectancy-value theory? A reply to our commentators.	49
Batson on prosocial motivation. Commentary on Batson (2022).	27
Supplemental Material for Missing Out by Pursuing Rewarding Outcomes: Why Initial Biases Can Lead to Persistent Suboptimal Choices	23
Supplemental Material for Measuring Subjective Mental Effort as an Aversive and Enjoyable Phenomenon	22
Aggressive motivation: An introduction and overview.	21
Which insights can research on achievement motivation gain from network analysis? Comparing different network methods empirically.	19
Dyadic motive fit: How individual differences in dyads’ motives predict performance and communication in joint action.	18
Goal motives, mental contrasting with implementation intentions, and the self-regulation of saving goals: A longitudinal investigation.	18
Supplemental Material for Pushing Reactance Theory: An Examination of the Reactance Process in the Context of Advice	17
Ramadan fasting as a goal-pursuit: Why people fast, and how motives affect their experience.	16
Understanding aggression in adolescence by studying the neurobiological stress system: A systematic review.	16
What makes people want more self-control: A duo of deficiency and necessity.	16
Does exposure to sedentary temptations activate physical activity goals? A high-powered replication study.	13
Supplemental Material for Dyadic Motive Fit: How Individual Differences in Dyads’ Motives Predict Performance and Communication in Joint Action	13
Supplemental Material for Leave to Fight Another Day: Having the Option to Switch Promotes a Persistence Trade-Off	12
Supplemental Material for Episodic Binding of Approach–Avoidance Goals to Stimuli: On the Microgenesis of Stimulus-Motivated Action Tendencies to Approach and Avoid	12
Supplemental Material for Motive-Modulated Attentional Orienting: Implicit Power Motive Predicts Attentional Avoidance of Signals of Interpersonal Dominance	12
The force of craving: Approach movements relate to lateralized P3 amplitudes and sensation seeking.	11
A mastery-oriented (and masterful) career: Some reflections on Carol Dweck’s legacy article.	11
Emotional learning and psychopathic personality traits: The role of attentional focus and intention to learn.	11
What to say to round up more donors, or bigger donations.	11
Self-regulatory processes in striving for identity goals: Self-incompleteness shields eco-friendly vegans from temptations.	10
The uncertainty-dissuasion model of reactance inhibition.	9
Using dynamic item response theory and machine learning based on natural language processing to improve the reliability of the Operant Motive Test.	8

Empowering change: A self-control perspective on how choice architecture interventions can promote sustainable behavior change.	8
The homunculus in the room: A reply to Kunde and Janczyk (2024) and Hommel and Eder (2024).	8
A fictional discussion between the late B. F. Skinner and Edwin A. Locke.	8
Congratulations, so happy for you! Promotion motivation predicts social support for positive events.	7
Individual concerns modulate reward-related learning and behaviors involving sexual outcomes.	7
Supplemental Material for The Two Faces of Persistence: How Harmonious and Obsessive Passion Shape Goal Pursuit	7
It is time to stop using the terminology “passive” fatigue.	7
Episodic binding of approach–avoidance goals to stimuli: On the microgenesis of stimulus-motivated action tendencies to approach and avoid.	7
From feeling to doing in social dilemmas: Emotional and behavioral responses to climate change.	7
The legacies of the neuropsychology of anxiety for Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.	7
Emotions, action tendencies, and the reinforcement sensitivity theory.	7
Supplemental Material for Metacognitive Awareness of Subjective Difficulty, Effort, and Frustration in Cognitive Conflict Contexts	6
Supplemental Material for Poor Sleep Quality Is Significantly Associated With Effort but Not Temporal Discounting of Monetary Rewards	6
Effects of habit and intention on behavior: Meta-analysis and test of key moderators.	6
Understanding the desire to play violent video games: An integrative motivational theory.	6
Latent profiles of high school academic intrinsic motivation: Relations to educational attainment, curiosity, and work and leadership motivation in adulthood.	6
The roles of need satisfaction and passion in symptoms of behavioral addiction: The case of video gaming and gambling.	6
Motive-modulated attentional orienting: Implicit power motive predicts attentional avoidance of signals of interpersonal dominance.	6
Why motivation for adhering to COVID-19 measures matters: Investigating time-lagged associations with epidemiological indicators.	6
Supplemental Material for Mentalizing in Reactance: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Freedom Threats	5
Supplemental Material for Does Exposure to Sedentary Temptations Activate Physical Activity Goals? A High-Powered Replication Study	5
Environmental control of human goal pursuit: Investigating cue-based forced responses in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm.	5
Where are anxiety and personality in the brain?	5
Implications of psychological reactance for clinical practice in psychiatry including a systematic review.	5
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions, and the Self-Regulation of Saving Goals: A Longitudinal Investigation	5
COVID-19 illegal social gatherings: Predicting rule compliance from autonomous and controlled forms of motivation.	5
Rebels for a reason: How psychological reactance is goal-directed.	4
School context and academic engagement: A longitudinal study on the mediating effect of the motivational self system.	4
Supplemental Material for Motives and Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions Predict Progress and Management of Goals in Parents	4
Beyond counterarguing? Comparing multiple measures of cognitive resistance for psychological reactance using the avoidance, contesting, and empowering (ACE) resistance typology.	4
On the nature, predictors, and outcomes of longitudinal work passion profiles.	4
Transtheoretical model technology-based interventions to improve health behaviors in veterans.	4
Supplemental Material for The Differential Effects of Reward Prospect and Reward Reception: Dynamic Performance Adjustment Versus Stable Performance	4
Defeminizing sustainability: How to boost men’s motivation for proenvironmental behavior.	4
Cognitive mastery motivation antecedents of academic intrinsic motivation latent profiles: A longitudinal study from preschool to adolescence.	4
Placing motivation again at the heart of psychology: Commentary on Dweck’s contributions.	3
Supplemental Material for Learning Contexts Matter: Having Value-Supportive Instructors Moderates the Efficacy of a Utility-Value Intervention in Community College Math	3
Expectancy, value, . . . And more.	3
The utility value of a broad, comprehensive theory of motivation.	3
Measuring subjective mental effort as an aversive and enjoyable phenomenon.	3
Supplemental Material for You Can(’t) Always Get What You Want: When Goal Persistence Requires Flexibility	3
The cerebellum in aggression: Extending the cortico-limbic dual-route model of motivation and emotion.	3
Role of contingency in reward–emotion interactions during the categorization of emotional facial expressions.	3
Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS).	3
Student attributions about interest-value shape academic decisions and recommendations.	3
The context-sensitive use of task enrichment to promote self-control: The role of metacognition and trait self-control.	2
Motives and gonadal steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle: A longitudinal replication study.	2
A tale of two influences: Commonalities and distinctions of the influences of habit and hedonic motivation on health behaviors.	2
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Thought Across Time and Domains	2
Goal-colored glasses: Goal instrumentality shapes when and with whom shared reality emerges.	2

Supplemental Material for Congratulations, So Happy for You! Promotion Motivation Predicts Social Support for Positive Events	2
Metacognitive awareness of subjective difficulty, effort, and frustration in cognitive conflict contexts.	2
Goal shelving can both undermine and support prioritized goals: The role of opportunity costs.	2
The reflection of motive dispositions in everyday agentic motivational states.	2
The reactive spiral: An initial empirical assessment.	2
Learning from failure.	2
Supplemental Material for Managing the Motivation of Others: Do Managers Recognize How to Manage Regulatory Focus in Subordinates?	2
Beyond achievement: Transformation mindset enhances authenticity after goal success.	2
The value of progress feedback in physical effort-based decision making.	2
Supplemental Material for Effects of Habit and Intention on Behavior: Meta-Analysis and Test of Key Moderators	2
Autonomous versus controlled goal motivation differentially predicts goal progress and well-being through emotion regulation styles.	2
The motivational factors underlying delay discounting.	2
Negotiating with yourself and winning: The dual commitment model for intrapersonal sustainability goal conflicts.	2
Mapping the dose–response relationship between monetary reward and cognitive performance.	1
Supplemental Material for Just Be Yourself? Regulatory Focus Moderates the Effects of Societal Standards Attainment on Personal Well-Being	1
Why do I act for the environment? Socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between climate change beliefs and sustainable actions.	1
Is task switching avoided to save effort or time? Shorter intertrial durations following task switches increase the willingness to switch tasks.	1
Exploring the role of goal-dependent processes in action slips under time pressure.	1
The differential effects of reward prospect and reward reception: Dynamic performance adjustment versus stable performance.	1
Using norm networks to map cultural differences in predictors of proenvironmental behavior in the United States and India.	1
Supplemental Material for What Matters More for Work Motivation? Compensation or Work Design?	1
Blind to threat: The presence of temporary goals prevents attention to imminent threat already at early stages of attention allocation.	1
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Approach/Avoidance Appraisals, Psychological Needs, and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	1
Supplemental Material for Choosing Task Characteristics Oneself Justifies Effort: A Study on Cardiac Response and the Critical Role of Task Difficulty	1
Whose beliefs matter? The impact of undergraduate students’ perceptions of instructors’ and peers’ field-specific ability beliefs.	1
Supplemental Material for Sign Tracking and Alcohol Consumption: A Translational Computerized Task Assessing Individual Differences in Humans	1
Thoughts on a thoughtful theory of prosocial motivation. Commentary on Batson (2022).	1
Psychological reactance theory: An introduction and overview.	1
Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology.	1
Attitude-based self-regulation: A diary study on the role of attitudes in the experience and resolution of self-control conflicts in the context of vegetarians.	1
Q: What is the recipe for defense? A: Threat, anxiety, and approach motivation.	1
Supplemental Material for When Facilitating a Group Member’s (Versus One’s Own) Progress Increases Motivation in Group-Level Goal Pursuit	1
The role of metamotivational knowledge in the regulation of motivation.	1
The motivation of aggression: A cognitive neuroscience approach and neurochemical speculations.	1
Goal motives, approach/avoidance appraisals, psychological needs, and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	1
Why elusive expectancy × value interactions may be critical for theory and intervention: A simulated power analysis.	1
Breaking down silos in motivation science.	1
From ego depletion to self-control fatigue: A review of criticisms along with new perspectives for the investigation and replication of a multicomponent phenomenon.	1
Choosing task characteristics oneself justifies effort: A study on cardiac response and the critical role of task difficulty.	1
Mentalizing in reactance: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of freedom threats.	1
Do I want this job? Integrating research across psychological subfields to examine how individuals think about perceived values during career decision making.	1
Metamotivational knowledge of others’ achievement goals in a work context.	1
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: II. Effects of Film Clips	1
Disentangling the impact of instructor mindset and demeanor on student experiences.	1
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Role of Goal-Dependent Processes in Action Slips Under Time Pressure	1
Supplemental Material for Freedom Under Constraints: Accentuating the Positive in the Time of Corona	0
Inhibitory control elicited by physical activity and inactivity stimuli: An electroencephalography study.	0
Supplemental Material for Social Motivations’ Limited Influence on Habitual Behavior: Tests From Social Media Engagement	0
Mental contrasting of a feared future and uptake of initial COVID-19 vaccines and bivalent booster shots: Two randomized controlled trials.	0
Does the expression of personality traits in daily life satisfy psychological needs of older adults?	0
Motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions predict progress and management of goals in parents.	0
On the multiplicity of prosocial motives. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Supplemental Material for From Ego Depletion to Self-Control Fatigue: A Review of Criticisms Along With New Perspectives for the Investigation and Replication of a Multicomponent Phenomenon	0
A supine body posture reduces the error-related negativity: A test of a dissonance theory prediction.	0
On being warm-hearted: Daily diary investigations of self-location and social functioning.	0
Autonomous and controlled motivation in students: An experience sampling study on multitasking, concentration, and affect from a self-determination theory perspective.	0
Pushing reactance theory: An examination of the reactance process in the context of advice.	0
Prosocial motivation can improve time-based prospective memory only under low cognitive load.	0
The ulna-to-fibula ratio as a marker of organizational hormone effects on implicit motive development: A high-powered preregistered replication.	0
Steroid hormones and severity of psychopathy in forensic patients.	0
Unpacking motivational culture: Diverging emphasis on communality and agency across STEM domains.	0
The effect of the intensity of withdrawal-motivation emotion on time perception: Evidence based on the five temporal tasks.	0
The comprehensive mindfulness experience: A typological approach to the potential benefits of mindfulness for dealing with motivational conflicts.	0
Thoughts about actions and outcomes (and what they lead to).	0
Supplemental Material for Why Motivation for Adhering to COVID-19 Measures Matters: Investigating Time-Lagged Associations With Epidemiological Indicators	0
Neuroendocrine mechanisms of aggression in rodents.	0
Closeness regulation in couples: The temporal dynamics and dissociations of closeness frustration and closeness surfeit.	0
Supplemental Material for Whose Beliefs Matter? The Impact of Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Instructors’ and Peers’ Field-Specific Ability Beliefs	0
Supplemental Material for Closeness Regulation in Couples: The Temporal Dynamics and Dissociations of Closeness Frustration and Closeness Surfeit	0
Valid replications require valid methods: Recommendations for best methodological practices with lab experiments.	0
Just be yourself? Regulatory focus moderates the effects of societal standards attainment on personal well-being.	0
Managing the motivation of others: Do managers recognize how to manage regulatory focus in subordinates?	0
Supplemental Material for How Valid Are Self-Reports of Sexual Motivation? Using the Item Sum Technique to Examine Socially Desirable Responding in Online Research	0
I had coffee (actually tea) with Clark Hull.	0
The desire for governmental support as a motivational foundation of climate policy acceptance.	0
Harnessing regulatory focus and regulatory fit to improve educational outcomes.	0
Supplemental Material for It Is Time to Stop Using the Terminology “Passive” Fatigue	0
Supplemental Material for Exploring Effects of Mixed Mindset Messages From Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Instructors	0
Commentary on Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology by Carol S. Dweck.	0
Supplemental Material for Understanding Aggression in Adolescence by Studying the Neurobiological Stress System: A Systematic Review	0

Supplemental Material for Goal-Colored Glasses: Goal Instrumentality Shapes When and With Whom Shared Reality Emerges	0
Moral self-regulation and recycling: Does feeling guilty make us want to recycle more?	0
The measurement of goal dimensions: A critical review.	0
A fresh term of service at Motivation Science.	0
Embodied anger management: Approach-oriented postures moderate whether trait anger becomes translated into state anger and aggression.	0
Past due! Racializing aspects of situated expectancy-value theory through the lens of critical race theory.	0
From action initiation to persistence: A Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer analysis for cue-based goal pursuit.	0
Resolving incompleteness on social media: Online self-symbolizing reduces the orienting effects of incomplete identity goals.	0
Supplemental Material for Unpacking Motivational Culture: Diverging Emphasis on Communality and Agency Across STEM Domains	0
Scientist’s progress: A comment on Carol Dweck’s legacy.	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Concordant Goal-Striving as Internalized Motivation: Benefits Beyond Person-Goal Fit	0
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: I. Effects of Priming	0
Acknowledgment	0
Individualizing proenvironmental behavior in the context of structural impediments.	0
Flexible control: Conflict mindsets reduce the association between trait measures of self-control decision-making and delay discounting.	0
Dimensional comparisons in the formation of domain-specific achievement goals.	0
The amygdala and appraised concern-relevance: Initial evidence that intrinsic motivation modulates amygdala response to otherwise neutral stimuli.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Do I Act for the Environment? Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Relationship Between Climate Change Beliefs and Sustainable Actions	0
Fostering preservice teachers’ research-related beliefs and motivation with growth mindset and utility value interventions.	0
A context's emphasis on intellectual ability discourages the expression of intellectual humility.	0
You can(’t) always get what you want: When goal persistence requires flexibility.	0
Supplemental Material for Mental Contrasting of a Feared Future and Uptake of Initial COVID-19 Vaccines and Bivalent Booster Shots: Two Randomized Controlled Trials	0
Saving the environment? That is beyond my (will)power!	0
Autonomy influences the subjective experience of mental effort during a reading comprehension task.	0
Supplemental Material for Harming in Order to Help: An Empirical Characterization of Prosocial Aggression	0
Some revenge now or more revenge later? Applying an intertemporal framework to retaliatory aggression.	0
Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Impact of Instructor Mindset and Demeanor on Student Experiences	0
Supplemental Material for Emotional Learning and Psychopathic Personality Traits: The Role of Attentional Focus and Intention to Learn	0
Regulatory focus and thinking about the future versus reality.	0
Supplemental Material for Is Task Switching Avoided to Save Effort or Time? Shorter Intertrial Durations Following Task Switches Increase the Willingness to Switch Tasks	0
Supplemental Material for When Will We Join the Road Blockade? (Non)Conformity to Radical Climate Protest Norms Under Salient Threat to Personal Control	0
Social motivations’ limited influence on habitual behavior: Tests from social media engagement.	0
Supplemental Material for Mapping the Dose–Response Relationship Between Monetary Reward and Cognitive Performance	0
Supplemental Material for Q: What Is the Recipe for Defense? A: Threat, Anxiety, and Approach Motivation	0
Interpersonal relations, group processes, and prosocial motivation: Expanding the perspective. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Supplemental Material for Metamotivational Knowledge of Others’ Achievement Goals in a Work Context	0
Supplemental Material for The Force of Craving: Approach Movements Relate to Lateralized P3 Amplitudes and Sensation Seeking	0
Supplemental Material for Beyond Achievement: Transformation Mindset Enhances Authenticity After Goal Success	0
Help is needed. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
When will we join the road blockade? (non)conformity to radical climate protest norms under salient threat to personal control.	0
Committed professionals who are also engaged parents: Can they self-symbolize across identity goals?	0
Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with effort but not temporal discounting of monetary rewards.	0
Supplemental Material for From Action Initiation to Persistence: A Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Analysis for Cue-Based Goal Pursuit	0
Considering the revisions of reinforcement sensitivity theory: Commentary on McNaughton (2025).	0
How valid are self-reports of sexual motivation? Using the item sum technique to examine socially desirable responding in online research.	0
Acknowledgment	0
Supplemental Material for Which Insights Can Research on Achievement Motivation Gain From Network Analysis? Comparing Different Network Methods Empirically	0
Motivated by default—How nudges facilitate people to act in line with their motivation.	0
In it to win it? Comparative evaluation increases zero-sum beliefs.	0
Self-concordant goal-striving as internalized motivation: Benefits beyond person-goal fit.	0
Economic inequality and student outcomes: What we know and where to go from here.	0
Development and validation of the Goal Dimensions Questionnaire.	0
Freedom under constraints: Accentuating the positive in the time of corona.	0
Learning contexts matter: Having value-supportive instructors moderates the efficacy of a utility-value intervention in community college math.	0
Supplemental Material for Motivation Matters: Autonomous Motivation Sustains the Happiness From Prosocial Behavior	0
"Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS)": Correction.	0
Psilocybin legalization in the United States and psychological reactance: A test of evidence uncertainty, controlling language, and an ambiguous call to action.	0
Task choice immunizes against incidental affective influences in volition.	0
The two faces of persistence: How harmonious and obsessive passion shape goal pursuit.	0
Exploring the link between trait reactance and antiegalitarian beliefs.	0
Supplemental Material for The Amygdala and Appraised Concern-Relevance: Initial Evidence That Intrinsic Motivation Modulates Amygdala Response to Otherwise Neutral Stimuli	0
Useful and affordable? How costs and benefits uniquely shape motivated emotion regulation.	0
Discrete emotions of dissonance.	0
Prosocial motivation: A Lewinian approach.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Elusive Expectancy × Value Interactions May Be Critical for Theory and Intervention: A Simulated Power Analysis	0
Acknowledgment	0
Don’t make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual.	0
Exploring effects of mixed mindset messages from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics instructors.	0
Supplemental Material for Motives and Gonadal Steroid Hormones Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Longitudinal Replication Study	0
Supplemental Material for On the Nature, Predictors, and Outcomes of Longitudinal Work Passion Profiles	0
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Link Between Trait Reactance and Antiegalitarian Beliefs	0
Supplemental Material for Useful and Affordable? How Costs and Benefits Uniquely Shape Motivated Emotion Regulation	0
Adherence to COVID-19 measures: The critical role of autonomous motivation on a short- and long-term basis.	0
What matters more for work motivation? Compensation or work design?	0
Rediscovering our purpose: Theory, evidence, and the soul of motivation science.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous and Controlled Motivation in Students: An Experience Sampling Study on Multitasking, Concentration, and Affect From a Self-Determination Theory Perspective	0
Sign tracking and alcohol consumption: A translational computerized task assessing individual differences in humans.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous Versus Controlled Goal Motivation Differentially Predicts Goal Progress and Well-Being Through Emotion Regulation Styles	0
Retribution and utilitarianism as motives for children’s third-party punishment: An information-seeking approach.	0
When facilitating a group member’s (versus one’s own) progress increases motivation in group-level goal pursuit.	0
Society for the Science of Motivation Presidential Address: Can we harness motivation science to motivate ourselves?	0
Supplemental Material for Fostering Preservice Teachers’ Research-Related Beliefs and Motivation With Growth Mindset and Utility Value Interventions	0
Expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: Reflections on the legacy of 40+ years of working together.	0
Supplemental Material for Negotiating With Yourself and Winning: The Dual Commitment Model for Intrapersonal Sustainability Goal Conflicts	0
Leave to fight another day: Having the option to switch promotes a persistence trade-off.	0
“Don’t cross the streams”: How regulatory modes relate to task performance that benefits from either reflective or intuitive thinking.	0
Motivation matters: Autonomous motivation sustains the happiness from prosocial behavior.	0
Supplemental Material for Some Revenge Now or More Revenge Later? Applying an Intertemporal Framework to Retaliatory Aggression	0
Pavlovian cues boost self-regulation: Predicting success with conditioned stimuli.	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Processes in Striving for Identity Goals: Self-Incompleteness Shields Eco-Friendly Vegans From Temptations	0
Missing out by pursuing rewarding outcomes: Why initial biases can lead to persistent suboptimal choices.	0
Thoughts about “Thoughts about actions and outcomes”: Comment on Custers (2023).	0
Agentic engagement: Transcending passive motivation.	0
Your prosody matters! The effect of controlling tone of voice on listeners’ experienced pressure, closeness, and intention to collaborate with the speaker.	0
Bibliometric review of attribution theory: Document cocitation analysis.	0