Motivation Science

Article	Citations
Supplemental Material for Role of Contingency in Reward–Emotion Interactions During the Categorization of Emotional Facial Expressions	60
What is next for situated expectancy-value theory? A reply to our commentators.	47
What makes people want more self-control: A duo of deficiency and necessity.	27
Batson on prosocial motivation. Commentary on Batson (2022).	23
Supplemental Material for Measuring Subjective Mental Effort as an Aversive and Enjoyable Phenomenon	21
Supplemental Material for Missing Out by Pursuing Rewarding Outcomes: Why Initial Biases Can Lead to Persistent Suboptimal Choices	21
Dyadic motive fit: How individual differences in dyads’ motives predict performance and communication in joint action.	19
Aggressive motivation: An introduction and overview.	18
Goal motives, mental contrasting with implementation intentions, and the self-regulation of saving goals: A longitudinal investigation.	18
Which insights can research on achievement motivation gain from network analysis? Comparing different network methods empirically.	17
Ramadan fasting as a goal-pursuit: Why people fast, and how motives affect their experience.	16
Supplemental Material for Pushing Reactance Theory: An Examination of the Reactance Process in the Context of Advice	16
Supplemental Material for Dyadic Motive Fit: How Individual Differences in Dyads’ Motives Predict Performance and Communication in Joint Action	13
Understanding aggression in adolescence by studying the neurobiological stress system: A systematic review.	13
Does exposure to sedentary temptations activate physical activity goals? A high-powered replication study.	13
Supplemental Material for Motive-Modulated Attentional Orienting: Implicit Power Motive Predicts Attentional Avoidance of Signals of Interpersonal Dominance	12
Supplemental Material for Episodic Binding of Approach–Avoidance Goals to Stimuli: On the Microgenesis of Stimulus-Motivated Action Tendencies to Approach and Avoid	12
What to say to round up more donors, or bigger donations.	11
Supplemental Material for Leave to Fight Another Day: Having the Option to Switch Promotes a Persistence Trade-Off	11
The force of craving: Approach movements relate to lateralized P3 amplitudes and sensation seeking.	10
Using dynamic item response theory and machine learning based on natural language processing to improve the reliability of the Operant Motive Test.	10
A mastery-oriented (and masterful) career: Some reflections on Carol Dweck’s legacy article.	10
Emotional learning and psychopathic personality traits: The role of attentional focus and intention to learn.	10
Self-regulatory processes in striving for identity goals: Self-incompleteness shields eco-friendly vegans from temptations.	8
The homunculus in the room: A reply to Kunde and Janczyk (2024) and Hommel and Eder (2024).	8

The uncertainty-dissuasion model of reactance inhibition.	8
A fictional discussion between the late B. F. Skinner and Edwin A. Locke.	8
Motive-modulated attentional orienting: Implicit power motive predicts attentional avoidance of signals of interpersonal dominance.	7
Individual concerns modulate reward-related learning and behaviors involving sexual outcomes.	7
It is time to stop using the terminology “passive” fatigue.	7
Episodic binding of approach–avoidance goals to stimuli: On the microgenesis of stimulus-motivated action tendencies to approach and avoid.	7
Congratulations, so happy for you! Promotion motivation predicts social support for positive events.	7
The legacies of the neuropsychology of anxiety for Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.	7
Empowering change: A self-control perspective on how choice architecture interventions can promote sustainable behavior change.	7
From feeling to doing in social dilemmas: Emotional and behavioral responses to climate change.	6
Emotions, action tendencies, and the reinforcement sensitivity theory.	6
The roles of need satisfaction and passion in symptoms of behavioral addiction: The case of video gaming and gambling.	6
Supplemental Material for Metacognitive Awareness of Subjective Difficulty, Effort, and Frustration in Cognitive Conflict Contexts	6
Supplemental Material for Poor Sleep Quality Is Significantly Associated With Effort but Not Temporal Discounting of Monetary Rewards	6
Understanding the desire to play violent video games: An integrative motivational theory.	6
Supplemental Material for The Two Faces of Persistence: How Harmonious and Obsessive Passion Shape Goal Pursuit	6
Latent profiles of high school academic intrinsic motivation: Relations to educational attainment, curiosity, and work and leadership motivation in adulthood.	6
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions, and the Self-Regulation of Saving Goals: A Longitudinal Investigation	5
COVID-19 illegal social gatherings: Predicting rule compliance from autonomous and controlled forms of motivation.	5
Supplemental Material for Mentalizing in Reactance: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Freedom Threats	5
Supplemental Material for Does Exposure to Sedentary Temptations Activate Physical Activity Goals? A High-Powered Replication Study	5
Why motivation for adhering to COVID-19 measures matters: Investigating time-lagged associations with epidemiological indicators.	5
Environmental control of human goal pursuit: Investigating cue-based forced responses in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm.	5
Where are anxiety and personality in the brain?	5
Effects of habit and intention on behavior: Meta-analysis and test of key moderators.	5
On the nature, predictors, and outcomes of longitudinal work passion profiles.	4
Beyond counterarguing? Comparing multiple measures of cognitive resistance for psychological reactance using the avoidance, contesting, and empowering (ACE) resistance typology.	4
Defeminizing sustainability: How to boost men’s motivation for proenvironmental behavior.	4
Rebels for a reason: How psychological reactance is goal-directed.	4
Supplemental Material for The Differential Effects of Reward Prospect and Reward Reception: Dynamic Performance Adjustment Versus Stable Performance	4
Cognitive mastery motivation antecedents of academic intrinsic motivation latent profiles: A longitudinal study from preschool to adolescence.	4
School context and academic engagement: A longitudinal study on the mediating effect of the motivational self system.	4
Implications of psychological reactance for clinical practice in psychiatry including a systematic review.	4
Student attributions about interest-value shape academic decisions and recommendations.	3
Supplemental Material for Motives and Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions Predict Progress and Management of Goals in Parents	3
Role of contingency in reward–emotion interactions during the categorization of emotional facial expressions.	3
The cerebellum in aggression: Extending the cortico-limbic dual-route model of motivation and emotion.	3
The utility value of a broad, comprehensive theory of motivation.	3
Expectancy, value, . . . And more.	3
Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS).	2
Measuring subjective mental effort as an aversive and enjoyable phenomenon.	2
Metacognitive awareness of subjective difficulty, effort, and frustration in cognitive conflict contexts.	2
Goal-colored glasses: Goal instrumentality shapes when and with whom shared reality emerges.	2
Supplemental Material for Congratulations, So Happy for You! Promotion Motivation Predicts Social Support for Positive Events	2
Negotiating with yourself and winning: The dual commitment model for intrapersonal sustainability goal conflicts.	2
Autonomous versus controlled goal motivation differentially predicts goal progress and well-being through emotion regulation styles.	2
The context-sensitive use of task enrichment to promote self-control: The role of metacognition and trait self-control.	2
Placing motivation again at the heart of psychology: Commentary on Dweck’s contributions.	2
Supplemental Material for Learning Contexts Matter: Having Value-Supportive Instructors Moderates the Efficacy of a Utility-Value Intervention in Community College Math	2
Goal shelving can both undermine and support prioritized goals: The role of opportunity costs.	2

A tale of two influences: Commonalities and distinctions of the influences of habit and hedonic motivation on health behaviors.	2
The motivational factors underlying delay discounting.	2
The reactive spiral: An initial empirical assessment.	2
Beyond achievement: Transformation mindset enhances authenticity after goal success.	2
Supplemental Material for You Can(’t) Always Get What You Want: When Goal Persistence Requires Flexibility	2
Motives and gonadal steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle: A longitudinal replication study.	2
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Thought Across Time and Domains	2
Supplemental Material for Managing the Motivation of Others: Do Managers Recognize How to Manage Regulatory Focus in Subordinates?	2
Learning from failure.	2
Supplemental Material for Effects of Habit and Intention on Behavior: Meta-Analysis and Test of Key Moderators	2
The reflection of motive dispositions in everyday agentic motivational states.	2
Choosing task characteristics oneself justifies effort: A study on cardiac response and the critical role of task difficulty.	1
Motivation matters: Autonomous motivation sustains the happiness from prosocial behavior.	1
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: II. Effects of Film Clips	1
Moral self-regulation and recycling: Does feeling guilty make us want to recycle more?	1
Why elusive expectancy × value interactions may be critical for theory and intervention: A simulated power analysis.	1
The differential effects of reward prospect and reward reception: Dynamic performance adjustment versus stable performance.	1
From ego depletion to self-control fatigue: A review of criticisms along with new perspectives for the investigation and replication of a multicomponent phenomenon.	1
Using norm networks to map cultural differences in predictors of proenvironmental behavior in the United States and India.	1
Exploring the role of goal-dependent processes in action slips under time pressure.	1
Why do I act for the environment? Socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between climate change beliefs and sustainable actions.	1
Supplemental Material for Choosing Task Characteristics Oneself Justifies Effort: A Study on Cardiac Response and the Critical Role of Task Difficulty	1
Q: What is the recipe for defense? A: Threat, anxiety, and approach motivation.	1
Mapping the dose–response relationship between monetary reward and cognitive performance.	1
Supplemental Material for Which Insights Can Research on Achievement Motivation Gain From Network Analysis? Comparing Different Network Methods Empirically	1
Supplemental Material for Exploring Effects of Mixed Mindset Messages From Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Instructors	1
The role of metamotivational knowledge in the regulation of motivation.	1
Supplemental Material for Goal Motives, Approach/Avoidance Appraisals, Psychological Needs, and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	1
Is task switching avoided to save effort or time? Shorter intertrial durations following task switches increase the willingness to switch tasks.	1
Breaking down silos in motivation science.	1
Do I want this job? Integrating research across psychological subfields to examine how individuals think about perceived values during career decision making.	1
Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology.	1
Metamotivational knowledge of others’ achievement goals in a work context.	1
Disentangling the impact of instructor mindset and demeanor on student experiences.	1
Whose beliefs matter? The impact of undergraduate students’ perceptions of instructors’ and peers’ field-specific ability beliefs.	1
Goal motives, approach/avoidance appraisals, psychological needs, and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	1
Supplemental Material for When Facilitating a Group Member’s (Versus One’s Own) Progress Increases Motivation in Group-Level Goal Pursuit	1
Blind to threat: The presence of temporary goals prevents attention to imminent threat already at early stages of attention allocation.	1
The motivation of aggression: A cognitive neuroscience approach and neurochemical speculations.	1
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Role of Goal-Dependent Processes in Action Slips Under Time Pressure	1
Thoughts on a thoughtful theory of prosocial motivation. Commentary on Batson (2022).	1
Supplemental Material for Just Be Yourself? Regulatory Focus Moderates the Effects of Societal Standards Attainment on Personal Well-Being	1
Psychological reactance theory: An introduction and overview.	1
Mentalizing in reactance: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of freedom threats.	1
Attitude-based self-regulation: A diary study on the role of attitudes in the experience and resolution of self-control conflicts in the context of vegetarians.	1
On being warm-hearted: Daily diary investigations of self-location and social functioning.	0
Social motivations’ limited influence on habitual behavior: Tests from social media engagement.	0
Unpacking motivational culture: Diverging emphasis on communality and agency across STEM domains.	0
Agentic engagement: Transcending passive motivation.	0
Acknowledgment	0
Useful and affordable? How costs and benefits uniquely shape motivated emotion regulation.	0
A fresh term of service at Motivation Science.	0
Don’t make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual.	0
Society for the Science of Motivation Presidential Address: Can we harness motivation science to motivate ourselves?	0
Does the expression of personality traits in daily life satisfy psychological needs of older adults?	0
Supplemental Material for Understanding Aggression in Adolescence by Studying the Neurobiological Stress System: A Systematic Review	0
Learning contexts matter: Having value-supportive instructors moderates the efficacy of a utility-value intervention in community college math.	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Concordant Goal-Striving as Internalized Motivation: Benefits Beyond Person-Goal Fit	0
When facilitating a group member’s (versus one’s own) progress increases motivation in group-level goal pursuit.	0
Supplemental Material for Is Task Switching Avoided to Save Effort or Time? Shorter Intertrial Durations Following Task Switches Increase the Willingness to Switch Tasks	0
Self-concordant goal-striving as internalized motivation: Benefits beyond person-goal fit.	0
Supplemental Material for Harming in Order to Help: An Empirical Characterization of Prosocial Aggression	0
Autonomy influences the subjective experience of mental effort during a reading comprehension task.	0
Supplemental Material for Closeness Regulation in Couples: The Temporal Dynamics and Dissociations of Closeness Frustration and Closeness Surfeit	0
Supplemental Material for Unpacking Motivational Culture: Diverging Emphasis on Communality and Agency Across STEM Domains	0
Expressing and developing wisdom: A self-determination theory approach.	0
Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Impact of Instructor Mindset and Demeanor on Student Experiences	0
Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with effort but not temporal discounting of monetary rewards.	0
Supplemental Material for How Valid Are Self-Reports of Sexual Motivation? Using the Item Sum Technique to Examine Socially Desirable Responding in Online Research	0
Modern ideomotor theory of goal-directed action is not what you think: A commentary on Custers (2023).	0
Supplemental Material for Motives and Gonadal Steroid Hormones Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Longitudinal Replication Study	0
Supplemental Material for Beyond Achievement: Transformation Mindset Enhances Authenticity After Goal Success	0
From action initiation to persistence: A Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer analysis for cue-based goal pursuit.	0
Supplemental Material for Goal-Colored Glasses: Goal Instrumentality Shapes When and With Whom Shared Reality Emerges	0
Adherence to COVID-19 measures: The critical role of autonomous motivation on a short- and long-term basis.	0
Regulatory focus and thinking about the future versus reality.	0
Motivated by default—How nudges facilitate people to act in line with their motivation.	0
Help is needed. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Towards a more complex, dynamic, and personalized perspective on development.	0
"Measuring avoidance-related trait anger: American and Polish versions of the Avoidance Motivated Response to Anger Scale (AMRAS)": Correction.	0

Supplemental Material for Whose Beliefs Matter? The Impact of Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Instructors’ and Peers’ Field-Specific Ability Beliefs	0
Commentary on Personal perspectives on mindsets, motivation, and psychology by Carol S. Dweck.	0
Supplemental Material for Q: What Is the Recipe for Defense? A: Threat, Anxiety, and Approach Motivation	0
Supplemental Material for The Force of Craving: Approach Movements Relate to Lateralized P3 Amplitudes and Sensation Seeking	0
Dimensional comparisons in the formation of domain-specific achievement goals.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Do I Act for the Environment? Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Relationship Between Climate Change Beliefs and Sustainable Actions	0
Prosocial motivation can improve time-based prospective memory only under low cognitive load.	0
Closeness regulation in couples: The temporal dynamics and dissociations of closeness frustration and closeness surfeit.	0
Supplemental Material for Exploring the Link Between Trait Reactance and Antiegalitarian Beliefs	0
Neuroendocrine mechanisms of aggression in rodents.	0
Supplemental Material for Social Motivations’ Limited Influence on Habitual Behavior: Tests From Social Media Engagement	0
Autonomous and controlled motivation in students: An experience sampling study on multitasking, concentration, and affect from a self-determination theory perspective.	0
Resolving incompleteness on social media: Online self-symbolizing reduces the orienting effects of incomplete identity goals.	0
Mental contrasting of a feared future and uptake of initial COVID-19 vaccines and bivalent booster shots: Two randomized controlled trials.	0
Supplemental Material for Self-Regulatory Processes in Striving for Identity Goals: Self-Incompleteness Shields Eco-Friendly Vegans From Temptations	0
Supplemental Material for From Ego Depletion to Self-Control Fatigue: A Review of Criticisms Along With New Perspectives for the Investigation and Replication of a Multicomponent Phenomenon	0
Pavlovian cues boost self-regulation: Predicting success with conditioned stimuli.	0
The amygdala and appraised concern-relevance: Initial evidence that intrinsic motivation modulates amygdala response to otherwise neutral stimuli.	0
Embodied anger management: Approach-oriented postures moderate whether trait anger becomes translated into state anger and aggression.	0
The two faces of persistence: How harmonious and obsessive passion shape goal pursuit.	0
When will we join the road blockade? (non)conformity to radical climate protest norms under salient threat to personal control.	0
Scientist’s progress: A comment on Carol Dweck’s legacy.	0
Supplemental Material for On the Nature, Predictors, and Outcomes of Longitudinal Work Passion Profiles	0
The desire for governmental support as a motivational foundation of climate policy acceptance.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous and Controlled Motivation in Students: An Experience Sampling Study on Multitasking, Concentration, and Affect From a Self-Determination Theory Perspective	0
Your prosody matters! The effect of controlling tone of voice on listeners’ experienced pressure, closeness, and intention to collaborate with the speaker.	0
Some revenge now or more revenge later? Applying an intertemporal framework to retaliatory aggression.	0
Leave to fight another day: Having the option to switch promotes a persistence trade-off.	0
Supplemental Material for Fostering Preservice Teachers’ Research-Related Beliefs and Motivation With Growth Mindset and Utility Value Interventions	0
Psilocybin legalization in the United States and psychological reactance: A test of evidence uncertainty, controlling language, and an ambiguous call to action.	0
Supplemental Material for Saving the Environment? That Is Beyond My (Will)Power!	0
Inhibitory control elicited by physical activity and inactivity stimuli: An electroencephalography study.	0
Expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: Reflections on the legacy of 40+ years of working together.	0
Supplemental Material for Emotional Learning and Psychopathic Personality Traits: The Role of Attentional Focus and Intention to Learn	0
Self-regulatory thought across time and domains.	0
Bibliometric review of attribution theory: Document cocitation analysis.	0
Supplemental Material for Autonomous Versus Controlled Goal Motivation Differentially Predicts Goal Progress and Well-Being Through Emotion Regulation Styles	0
The measurement of goal dimensions: A critical review.	0
Control alters risk-taking: The motivating impact of action-effectiveness in different risk contexts.	0
You can(’t) always get what you want: When goal persistence requires flexibility.	0
Thoughts about actions and outcomes (and what they lead to).	0
Supplemental Material for Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: I. Effects of Priming	0
I had coffee (actually tea) with Clark Hull.	0
Harming in order to help: An empirical characterization of prosocial aggression.	0
A supine body posture reduces the error-related negativity: A test of a dissonance theory prediction.	0
Rediscovering our purpose: Theory, evidence, and the soul of motivation science.	0
Supplemental Material for Mental Contrasting of a Feared Future and Uptake of Initial COVID-19 Vaccines and Bivalent Booster Shots: Two Randomized Controlled Trials	0
Motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions predict progress and management of goals in parents.	0
Supplemental Material for Freedom Under Constraints: Accentuating the Positive in the Time of Corona	0
Supplemental Material for From Action Initiation to Persistence: A Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Analysis for Cue-Based Goal Pursuit	0
A context's emphasis on intellectual ability discourages the expression of intellectual humility.	0
Just be yourself? Regulatory focus moderates the effects of societal standards attainment on personal well-being.	0
Exploring effects of mixed mindset messages from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics instructors.	0
Supplemental Material for When Will We Join the Road Blockade? (Non)Conformity to Radical Climate Protest Norms Under Salient Threat to Personal Control	0
Fostering preservice teachers’ research-related beliefs and motivation with growth mindset and utility value interventions.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Motivation for Adhering to COVID-19 Measures Matters: Investigating Time-Lagged Associations With Epidemiological Indicators	0
In it to win it? Comparative evaluation increases zero-sum beliefs.	0
Supplemental Material for The Amygdala and Appraised Concern-Relevance: Initial Evidence That Intrinsic Motivation Modulates Amygdala Response to Otherwise Neutral Stimuli	0
Supplemental Material for Metamotivational Knowledge of Others’ Achievement Goals in a Work Context	0
Flexible control: Conflict mindsets reduce the association between trait measures of self-control decision-making and delay discounting.	0
Considering the revisions of reinforcement sensitivity theory: Commentary on McNaughton (2025).	0
Task choice immunizes against incidental affective influences in volition.	0
Harnessing regulatory focus and regulatory fit to improve educational outcomes.	0
Supplemental Material for Motivation Matters: Autonomous Motivation Sustains the Happiness From Prosocial Behavior	0
Interpersonal relations, group processes, and prosocial motivation: Expanding the perspective. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Steroid hormones and severity of psychopathy in forensic patients.	0
“Don’t cross the streams”: How regulatory modes relate to task performance that benefits from either reflective or intuitive thinking.	0
Developing a causally valid picture-story measure of sexual motivation: II. Effects of film clips.	0
Acknowledgment	0
How valid are self-reports of sexual motivation? Using the item sum technique to examine socially desirable responding in online research.	0
Supplemental Material for Useful and Affordable? How Costs and Benefits Uniquely Shape Motivated Emotion Regulation	0
Past due! Racializing aspects of situated expectancy-value theory through the lens of critical race theory.	0
Freedom under constraints: Accentuating the positive in the time of corona.	0
The ulna-to-fibula ratio as a marker of organizational hormone effects on implicit motive development: A high-powered preregistered replication.	0
Committed professionals who are also engaged parents: Can they self-symbolize across identity goals?	0
The comprehensive mindfulness experience: A typological approach to the potential benefits of mindfulness for dealing with motivational conflicts.	0
Missing out by pursuing rewarding outcomes: Why initial biases can lead to persistent suboptimal choices.	0
Supplemental Material for Why Elusive Expectancy × Value Interactions May Be Critical for Theory and Intervention: A Simulated Power Analysis	0
Supplemental Material for Pavlovian Cues Boost Self-Regulation: Predicting Success With Conditioned Stimuli	0
Acknowledgment	0
Supplemental Material for Mapping the Dose–Response Relationship Between Monetary Reward and Cognitive Performance	0
Thoughts about “Thoughts about actions and outcomes”: Comment on Custers (2023).	0
Supplemental Material for Negotiating With Yourself and Winning: The Dual Commitment Model for Intrapersonal Sustainability Goal Conflicts	0
Developing a causally valid picture-story measure of sexual motivation: I. Effects of priming.	0
Discrete emotions of dissonance.	0
Economic inequality and student outcomes: What we know and where to go from here.	0
Supplemental Material for Some Revenge Now or More Revenge Later? Applying an Intertemporal Framework to Retaliatory Aggression	0
Retribution and utilitarianism as motives for children’s third-party punishment: An information-seeking approach.	0
On the multiplicity of prosocial motives. Commentary on Batson (2022).	0
Exploring the link between trait reactance and antiegalitarian beliefs.	0
Saving the environment? That is beyond my (will)power!	0
Prosocial motivation: A Lewinian approach.	0
Pushing reactance theory: An examination of the reactance process in the context of advice.	0
Supplemental Material for It Is Time to Stop Using the Terminology “Passive” Fatigue	0
The effect of the intensity of withdrawal-motivation emotion on time perception: Evidence based on the five temporal tasks.	0