Science Immunology

Article	Citations
TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes	777
Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome	773
The receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients	726
Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19	650
Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19	644
Persistence of serum and saliva antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in COVID-19 patients	624
Distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals after mRNA vaccination	520
Persistence and decay of human antibody responses to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 patients	507
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern partially escape humoral but not T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent donors and vaccine recipients	456
Defining the features and duration of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with disease severity and outcome	391
Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths	347
Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron–reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients	336
Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity	332
Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19	286
X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19	261
Rapid generation of durable B cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins in COVID-19 and convalescence	237
Impaired humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients	225
Vaccination before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to robust humoral response and antibodies that effectively neutralize variants	224
SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity: Specificity, function, durability, and role in protection	223
Longitudinal immune profiling reveals key myeloid signatures associated with COVID-19	186
Three tissue resident macrophage subsets coexist across organs with conserved origins and life cycles	186
SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide T cell epitope mapping reveals immunodominance and substantial CD8 + T cell activation in COVID-19 patients	181
Severely ill patients with COVID-19 display impaired exhaustion features in SARS-CoV-2–reactive CD8 + T cells	177
Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination	174
BNT162b2 vaccination induces durable SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells with a stem cell memory phenotype	165

Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19	159
Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection	158
Prolonged evolution of the human B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection	156
Regulatory T cell control of systemic immunity and immunotherapy response in liver metastasis	149
Single-cell analysis of human B cell maturation predicts how antibody class switching shapes selection dynamics	147
SARS-CoV-2 infection generates tissue-localized immunological memory in humans	145
Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives cross-variant neutralization and memory B cell formation against conserved epitopes	145
Increased complement activation is a distinctive feature of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection	143
SARS-CoV-2 drives JAK1/2-dependent local complement hyperactivation	139
Human inborn errors of immunity: An expanding universe	139
Gut microbiota–specific IgA + B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis	137
A reservoir of stem-like CD8 + T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing antitumor immune response	137
Heterogeneity and clonal relationships of adaptive immune cells in ulcerative colitis revealed by single-cell analyses	135
SARS-CoV-2 mutations in MHC-I-restricted epitopes evade CD8 + T cell responses	135
Deep immune profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared with adult and pediatric COVID-19	133
Adaptive immune determinants of viral clearance and protection in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2	133
MAIT cell activation and dynamics associated with COVID-19 disease severity	132
Pharmacological activation of STING blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection	129
TOX is expressed by exhausted and polyfunctional human effector memory CD8 + T cells	128
Serology for SARS-CoV-2: Apprehensions, opportunities, and the path forward	127
Early precursors and molecular determinants of tissue-resident memory CD8 + T lymphocytes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing	126
Clonal expansion and activation of tissue-resident memory-like T H 17 cells expressing GM-CSF in the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19	126
The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19	122
Tissue-resident CD4 + T helper cells assist the development of protective respiratory B and CD8 + T cell memory responses	121
CD8 + T cells specific for conserved coronavirus epitopes correlate with milder disease in patients with COVID-19	118
NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggers gasdermin D–independent inflammation	112
Integrated longitudinal immunophenotypic, transcriptional, and repertoire analyses delineate immune responses in patients with COVID-19	110
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among parturient women in Philadelphia	110
A cross-talk between CAR T cell subsets and the tumor microenvironment is essential for sustained cytotoxic activity	108
Innate immunological pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis	108
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of allergen-specific T cells in allergy and asthma	106
Bispecific antibodies targeting mutant RAS neoantigens	106
Polyclonal expansion of TCR Vβ 21.3 + CD4 + and CD8 + T cells is a hallmark of multisystem infl	104
Multiplexed imaging mass cytometry of the chemokine milieus in melanoma characterizes features of the response to immunotherapy	103
Class switch toward noninflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination	103
Regulatory T cells in skin injury: At the crossroads of tolerance and tissue repair	102
Human dendritic cells in cancer	102
Immune signatures underlying post-acute COVID-19 lung sequelae	102
A diamidobenzimidazole STING agonist protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection	101
Tumor-draining lymph nodes: At the crossroads of metastasis and immunity	95
Contribution of resident and circulating precursors to tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cell populations in lung cancer	92
3M-052, a synthetic TLR-7/8 agonist, induces durable HIV-1 envelope–specific plasma cells and humoral immunity in nonhuman primates	92
ZBP1-dependent inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, and cytokine storm disrupt IFN therapeutic efficacy during coronavirus infection	91
T cell engagement of cross-presenting microglia protects the brain from a nasal virus infection	90
T resident helper cells promote humoral responses in the lung	89
T cell factor 1: A master regulator of the T cell response in disease	89
Understanding T cell responses to COVID-19 is essential for informing public health strategies	88
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing memory B cells are elicited by two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine	87
Microglial autophagy–associated phagocytosis is essential for recovery from neuroinflammation	87
Human airway mast cells proliferate and acquire distinct inflammation-driven phenotypes during type 2 inflammation	87

COVID-19 vaccine side effects: The positives about feeling bad	84
The expansion of human T-bet high CD21 low B cells is T cell dependent	83
HiJAKing SARS-CoV-2? The potential role of JAK inhibitors in the management of COVID-19	83
Recall of preexisting cross-reactive B cell memory after Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection	82
Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct	82
Intranasal priming induces local lung-resident B cell populations that secrete protective mucosal antiviral IgA	81
Persistence of mature dendritic cells, T H 2A, and Tc2 cells characterize clinically resolved atopic dermatitis under IL-4Rα blockade	80
Androgen conspires with the CD8 + T cell exhaustion program and contributes to sex bias in cancer	79
CD8 T cells contribute to vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques	79
Sequence of αPD-1 relative to local tumor irradiation determines the induction of abscopal antitumor immune responses	79
The microbiome-derived metabolite TMAO drives immune activation and boosts responses to immune checkpoint blockade in pancreatic cancer	78
Transforming growth factor–β1 in regulatory T cell biology	78
Transcriptomic and clonal characterization of T cells in the human central nervous system	77
Itaconate controls the severity of pulmonary fibrosis	76
Tissue-resident CD8 + T cells drive age-associated chronic lung sequelae after viral pneumonia	76
An IL-2 mutein engineered to promote expansion of regulatory T cells arrests ongoing autoimmunity in mice	75
PD-1 blockade exacerbates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in rhesus macaques	75
Cellular context of IL-33 expression dictates impact on anti-helminth immunity	73
Targeting Piezo1 unleashes innate immunity against cancer and infectious disease	71
Coral gasdermin triggers pyroptosis	70
CXCL9 and CXCL10 bring the heat to tumors	70
Identification of resident memory CD8 + T cells with functional specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue	69
IL-17 controls central nervous system autoimmunity through the intestinal microbiome	69
A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein nanoparticle vaccine focuses antibody responses to a conserved neutralization domain	66
A particulate saponin/TLR agonist vaccine adjuvant alters lymph flow and modulates adaptive immunity	66
Steroid-resistant human inflammatory ILC2s are marked by CD45RO and elevated in type 2 respiratory diseases	66
The circadian immune system	65
Oral epithelial IL-22/STAT3 signaling licenses IL-17–mediated immunity to oral mucosal candidiasis	65
Autophagy protects tumors from T cell–mediated cytotoxicity via inhibition of TNFα-induced apoptosis	65
Highly immunogenic cancer cells require activation of the WNT pathway for immunological escape	65
Spatially mapping the immune landscape of melanoma using imaging mass cytometry	65
Lack of CD8 + T cell effector differentiation during priming mediates checkpoint blockade resistance in non–small cell lung cancer	64
Continuous human uterine NK cell differentiation in response to endometrial regeneration and pregnancy	64
A common framework of monocyte-derived macrophage activation	63
T H 17 cells require ongoing classic IL-6 receptor signaling to retain transcriptional and functional identity	61
The ChAT-acetylcholine pathway promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses and anti-helminth immunity	59
NF-κB–dependent IRF1 activation programs cDC1 dendritic cells to drive antitumor immunity	58
Operation Nasal Vaccine—Lightning speed to counter COVID-19	58
Pathogen-induced tissue-resident memory T H 17 (T RM 17) cells amplify autoimmune kidney disease	57
Early cross-coronavirus reactive signatures of humoral immunity against COVID-19	57
Administration of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 to K18-hACE2 mice uncouples respiratory infection from fatal neuroinvasion	57
Rate of replenishment and microenvironment contribute to the sexually dimorphic phenotype and function of peritoneal macrophages	56
A yeast-expressed RBD-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with 3M-052-alum adjuvant promotes protective efficacy in non-human primates	56
Cytotoxic granzyme C–expressing ILC1s contribute to antitumor immunity and neonatal autoimmunity	55
Mitochondrial C5aR1 activity in macrophages controls IL-1β production underlying sterile inflammation	54
Classification of human chronic inflammatory skin disease based on single-cell immune profiling	54
Epithelial Gasdermin D shapes the host-microbial interface by driving mucus layer formation	53
ATR-mediated CD47 and PD-L1 up-regulation restricts radiotherapy-induced immune priming and abscopal responses in colorectal cancer	52
Gasdermin D–mediated release of IL-33 from senescent hepatic stellate cells promotes obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma	52
Tuft cell–produced cysteinyl leukotrienes and IL-25 synergistically initiate lung type 2 inflammation	52
Inhibitory signaling sustains a distinct early memory CD8 + T cell precursor that is resistant to DNA damage	52
Absence of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in a person with a homozygous point mutation in MR1	51
Clonally expanded, GPR15-expressing pathogenic effector T H 2 cells are associated with eosinophilic esophagitis	51
A fetal wave of human type 3 effector γδ cells with restricted TCR diversity persists into adulthood	51
IRF5 guides monocytes toward an inflammatory CD11c + macrophage phenotype and promotes intestinal inflammation	50
Hobit identifies tissue-resident memory T cell precursors that are regulated by Eomes	49
Innate cell microenvironments in lymph nodes shape the generation of T cell responses during type I inflammation	48
Resident Kupffer cells and neutrophils drive liver toxicity in cancer immunotherapy	48
Exploiting albumin as a mucosal vaccine chaperone for robust generation of lung-resident memory T cells	47
The myeloid type I interferon response to myocardial infarction begins in bone marrow and is regulated by Nrf2-activated macrophages	47
Acetylcholine production by group 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes mucosal immunity to helminths	47
Identification of a broadly fibrogenic macrophage subset induced by type 3 inflammation	47
The transcription factor Bcl11b promotes both canonical and adaptive NK cell differentiation	46
Immune surveillance of the liver by T cells	46
Divergent T follicular helper cell requirement for IgA and IgE production to peanut during allergic sensitization	46
Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection enhances cross-neutralization of BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5	45
IL-21 from high-affinity CD4 T cells drives differentiation of brain-resident CD8 T cells during persistent viral infection	44
Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages autonomously determine severe outcome of respiratory viral infection	44
The m 6 A reader IMP2 directs autoimmune inflammation through an IL-17– and TNFα-dependent C/EBP transcription factor axis	44
Resident memory T cells form during persistent antigen exposure leading to allograft rejection	44
Ahr-Foxp3-RORγt axis controls gut homing of CD4 + T cells by regulating GPR15	44
Gut T cell–independent IgA responses to commensal bacteria require engagement of the TACI receptor on B cells	42
Persistent STAT5 activation reprograms the epigenetic landscape in CD4 + T cells to drive polyfunctionality and antitumor immunity	42
Immune checkpoint blockade sensitivity and progression-free survival associates with baseline CD8 + T cell clone size and cytotoxicity	42
Durable spike-specific T cell responses after different COVID-19 vaccination regimens are not further enhanced by booster vaccination	42
Glycolipid-peptide vaccination induces liver-resident memory CD8 + T cells that protect against rodent malaria	41
Single-cell multiomics defines tolerogenic extrathymic Aire-expressing populations with unique homology to thymic epithelium	41
Human enteric viruses autonomously shape inflammatory bowel disease phenotype through divergent innate immunomodulation	40
Immune recall improves antibody durability and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants	40
TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions	40

A discrete subset of epigenetically primed human NK cells mediates antigen-specific immune responses	40
KIR3DL3-HHLA2 is a human immunosuppressive pathway and a therapeutic target	40
Size-dependent activation of CAR-T cells	39
A tumor-specific pro-IL-12 activates preexisting cytotoxic T cells to control established tumors	39
Pharmacological targeting of NLRP3 deubiquitination for treatment of NLRP3-associated inflammatory diseases	39
The transcription factor E2A activates multiple enhancers that drive Rag expression in developing T and B cells	39
Immune memory from SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters provides variant-independent protection but still allows virus transmission	39
Lung-resident memory B cells established after pulmonary influenza infection display distinct transcriptional and phenotypic profiles	39
Functional heterogeneity of alveolar macrophage population based on expression of CXCL2	39
Human neutralizing antibodies to cold linear epitopes and subdomain 1 of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein	39
SARS-CoV-2 spike conformation determines plasma neutralizing activity elicited by a wide panel of human vaccines	38
Sensing of SARS-CoV-2 by pDCs and their subsequent production of IFN-I contribute to macrophage-induced cytokine storm during COVID-19	38
An innate IL-25–ILC2–MDSC axis creates a cancer-permissive microenvironment for Apc mutation–driven intestinal tumorigenesis	38
The cytoskeletal regulator HEM1 governs B cell development and prevents autoimmunity	37
Heterozygous OAS1 gain-of-function variants cause an autoinflammatory immunodeficiency	37
HLA-E–restricted, Gag-specific CD8 + T cells can suppress HIV-1 infection, offering vaccine opportunities	36
The AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes trigger IL-1–mediated antitumor effects during radiation	36
Tumor microenvironmental signals reshape chromatin landscapes to limit the functional potential of exhausted T cells	36
Resistance to PD1 blockade in the absence of metalloprotease-mediated LAG3 shedding	35
In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screens identify SOCS1 as intrinsic checkpoint of CD4 + T H 1 cell response	35
Human T-bet governs the generation of a distinct subset of CD11c high CD21 low B cells	35
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit durable immune responses in infant rhesus macaques	34
SLAMF7 engagement superactivates macrophages in acute and chronic inflammation	34
An antibody from single human V H -rearranging mouse neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5 by inhibiting membrane fusion	34
A distinct GM-CSF + T helper cell subset requires T-bet to adopt a T H 1 phenotype and promote neuroinflammation	34
A subset of follicular helper-like MAIT cells can provide B cell help and support antibody production in the mucosa	34
Single-cell analysis pinpoints distinct populations of cytotoxic CD4 + T cells and an IL-10 + CD109 +	34
Cutaneous innate immune tolerance is mediated by epigenetic control of MAP2K3 by HDAC8/9	34
Type I interferon signaling in fibroblastic reticular cells prevents exhaustive activation of antiviral CD8 + T cells	34
An ACE2-blocking antibody confers broad neutralization and protection against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern	34
SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in unexposed adults display broad trafficking potential and cross-react with commensal antigens	34
CD4 + T cell activation and concomitant mTOR metabolic inhibition can ablate microbiota-specific memory cells and prevent colitis	33
Naive human B cells engage the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, and related sarbecoviruses	33
Epstein-Barr virus as a driver of multiple sclerosis	33
Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8 + T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy	33
Targeting monoamine oxidase A for T cell–based cancer immunotherapy	33
Single-cell eQTL analysis of activated T cell subsets reveals activation and cell type–dependent effects of disease-risk variants	32
Longitudinal transcriptomics define the stages of myeloid activation in the living human brain after intracerebral hemorrhage	32
IL-1R1–dependent signaling coordinates epithelial regeneration in response to intestinal damage	32
Gain-of-function IKZF1 variants in humans cause immune dysregulation associated with abnormal T/B cell late differentiation	32
Loss-of-function mutation in IKZF2 leads to immunodeficiency with dysregulated germinal center reactions and reduction of MAIT cells	32
OXPHOS promotes apoptotic resistance and cellular persistence in T H 17 cells in the periphery and tumor microenvironment	32
Local IL-23 is required for proliferation and retention of skin-resident memory T H 17 cells	31
Human antibodies neutralize enterovirus D68 and protect against infection and paralytic disease	31
Vaccine-driven lung TRM cells provide immunity against Klebsiella via fibroblast IL-17R signaling	31
An IL-9–pulmonary macrophage axis defines the allergic lung inflammatory environment	30
IL-2 is inactivated by the acidic pH environment of tumors enabling engineering of a pH-selective mutein	30
Two subsets of human marginal zone B cells resolved by global analysis of lymphoid tissues and blood	30
Human IL-23 is essential for IFN-γ–dependent immunity to mycobacteria	30
Antibodies induced by an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain that cross-neutralize variants from Alpha to Omicron BA.1	30
Pax5 regulates B cell immunity by promoting PI3K signaling via PTEN down-regulation	30
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells mount a distinct antiviral response to virus-infected cells	30
Tumors resurrect an embryonic vascular program to escape immunity	29
Rhythmicity of intestinal IgA responses confers oscillatory commensal microbiota mutualism	29
c-MAF–dependent perivascular macrophages regulate diet-induced metabolic syndrome	29
Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs	29
Activation of TRPA1 nociceptor promotes systemic adult mammalian skin regeneration	29
Pulmonary BCG induces lung-resident macrophage activation and confers long-term protection against tuberculosis	29
Selective STING stimulation in dendritic cells primes antitumor T cell responses	28
Noncanonical splicing junctions between exons and transposable elements represent a source of immunogenic recurrent neo-antigens in patients with lung cancer	28
SARS-CoV-2 epitope–specific CD4 + memory T cell responses across COVID-19 disease severity and antibody durability	28
Intestinal cDC1 drive cross-tolerance to epithelial-derived antigen via induction of FoxP3 + CD8 + T regs	28
Regulatory T cells promote innate inflammation after skin barrier breach via TGF-β activation	28
Competition for refueling rather than cyclic reentry initiation evident in germinal centers	27
Protein kinase R is an innate immune sensor of proteotoxic stress via accumulation of cytoplasmic IL-24	27
Of bats and men: Immunomodulatory treatment options for COVID-19 guided by the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection	27
TWEAK functions with TNF and IL-17 on keratinocytes and is a potential target for psoriasis therapy	27
A diverse fibroblastic stromal cell landscape in the spleen directs tissue homeostasis and immunity	27
DDX17 is an essential mediator of sterile NLRC4 inflammasome activation by retrotransposon RNAs	27
Epigenetically controlled tumor antigens derived from splice junctions between exons and transposable elements	27
Defects in LC3B2 and ATG4A underlie HSV2 meningitis and reveal a critical role for autophagy in antiviral defense in humans	27
Route of self-amplifying mRNA vaccination modulates the establishment of pulmonary resident memory CD8 and CD4 T cells	26
Silent recognition of flagellins from human gut commensal bacteria by Toll-like receptor 5	26
BATF epigenetically and transcriptionally controls the activation program of regulatory T cells in human tumors	26
Alternative splicing of GSDMB modulates killer lymphocyte–triggered pyroptosis	26
IL-22–induced cell extrusion and IL-18–induced cell death prevent and cure rotavirus infection	26
Allergic airway recall responses require IL-9 from resident memory CD4 + T cells	26
The chemerin-CMKLR1 axis limits thermogenesis by controlling a beige adipocyte/IL-33/type 2 innate immunity circuit	25
Bile acid–sensitive tuft cells regulate biliary neutrophil influx	25
Succinate dehydrogenase/complex II is critical for metabolic and epigenetic regulation of T cell proliferation and inflammation	25
Rgs16 promotes antitumor CD8 + T cell exhaustion	25
FOXP3 exon 2 controls T reg stability and autoimmunity	25
Human cytomegalovirus expands a CD8 + T cell population with loss of BCL11B expression and gain of NK cell identity	25
CD103 fate mapping reveals that intestinal CD103 − tissue-resident memory T cells are the primary responders to secondary infection	25
Intrinsic IL-2 production by effector CD8 T cells affects IL-2 signaling and promotes fate decisions, stemness, and protection	25
IL-21R signal reprogramming cooperates with CD40 and BCR signals to select and differentiate germinal center B cells	25
Activation of mTORC1 at late endosomes misdirects T cell fate decision in older individuals	25
E-cadherin is regulated by GATA-2 and marks the early commitment of mouse hematopoietic progenitors to the basophil and mast cell fates	25
Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization promotes SLE-like autoimmune inflammation via neutrophil activation and the IL-23/IL-17 axis	24
BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13–driven tuft cell hyperplasia	24
The transcription factor EGR2 is indispensable for tissue-specific imprinting of alveolar macrophages in health and tissue repair	24
Elevated transferrin receptor impairs T cell metabolism and function in systemic lupus erythematosus	24
Fractionating a COVID-19 Ad5-vectored vaccine improves virus-specific immunity	24
CD39 + tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells with a clonal overlap across compartments mediate antitumor immunity in breast cancer	24
All-trans retinoic acid overcomes solid tumor radioresistance by inducing inflammatory macrophages	24