Joule

Article	Citations
A Roadmap to the Ammonia Economy	831
Tandem Organic Solar Cell with 20.2% Efficiency	612
Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction for Sustainable Ammonia Production	538
Hydrated Eutectic Electrolytes with Ligand-Oriented Solvation Shells for Long-Cycling Zinc-Organic Batteries	449
Stability challenges of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction: From mechanistic understanding to reactor design	445
Reduced non-radiative charge recombination enables organic photovoltaic cell approaching 19% efficiency	430
Fine-Tuning Energy Levels via Asymmetric End Groups Enables Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 17%	348
Surface Engineering of Ambient-Air-Processed Cesium Lead Triiodide Layers for Efficient Solar Cells	314
Overcoming Redox Reactions at Perovskite-Nickel Oxide Interfaces to Boost Voltages in Perovskite Solar Cells	299
Achieving over 17% efficiency of ternary all-polymer solar cells with two well-compatible polymer acceptors	290
Paints as a Scalable and Effective Radiative Cooling Technology for Buildings	279
Nanogenerators for smart cities in the era of 5G and Internet of Things	274
Efficient Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes by Targeted Healing	273
Solar photovoltaics is ready to power a sustainable future	272
Thermodynamic Understanding of Li-Dendrite Formation	270
Modulation of Defects and Interfaces through Alkylammonium Interlayer for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells	268
Highly Efficient Thermally Co-evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-modules	263
Direct Observation on p- to n-Type Transformation of Perovskite Surface Region during Defect Passivation Driving High Photovoltaic Efficiency	257
Stabilizing metal battery anodes through the design of solid electrolyte interphases	255
Modulating Local CO2 Concentration as a General Strategy for Enhancing C−C Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction	250
The timescale identification decoupling complicated kinetic processes in lithium batteries	249
Single-atom catalysts for photocatalytic energy conversion	249
Role of Long-Duration Energy Storage in Variable Renewable Electricity Systems	247
Cu-Ag Tandem Catalysts for High-Rate CO2 Electrolysis toward Multicarbons	246
Controlling Molecular Mass of Low-Band-Gap Polymer Acceptors for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells	246

Na-ion versus Li-ion Batteries: Complementarity Rather than Competitiveness	243
Stabilizing Perovskite Solar Cells to IEC61215:2016 Standards with over 9,000-h Operational Tracking	240
Single-Component Non-halogen Solvent-Processed High-Performance Organic Solar Cell Module with Efficiency over 14%	235
16% efficiency all-polymer organic solar cells enabled by a finely tuned morphology via the design of ternary blend	231
Low-carbon production of iron and steel: Technology options, economic assessment, and policy	230
Liquid Thermo-Responsive Smart Window Derived from Hydrogel	229
Toward High-Voltage Aqueous Batteries: Super- or Low-Concentrated Electrolyte?	225
Desired open-circuit voltage increase enables efficiencies approaching 19% in symmetric-asymmetric molecule ternary organic photovoltaics	223
Toward practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries for electrochemical energy storage	223
GeTe Thermoelectrics	222
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices	216
Demonstration of ultrahigh thermoelectric efficiency of ∼7.3% in Mg3Sb2/MgAgSb module for low-temperature energy harvesting	216
Electrolyte solutions design for lithium-sulfur batteries	215
Metal Halide Perovskites in Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects	214
D-A-π-A-D-type Dopant-free Hole Transport Material for Low-Cost, Efficient, and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells	212
Liquid electrolyte: The nexus of practical lithium metal batteries	211
“Soft Shorts” Hidden in Zinc Metal Anode Research	205
Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface	202
Confined Ir single sites with triggered lattice oxygen redox: Toward boosted and sustained water oxidation catalysis	197
Dual-Stage Atmospheric Water Harvesting Device for Scalable Solar-Driven Water Production	181
Shallow Iodine Defects Accelerate the Degradation of α-Phase Formamidinium Perovskite	181
Rotational energy harvesting for self-powered sensing	179
Interplay of Lithium Intercalation and Plating on a Single Graphite Particle	179
Origins and influences of metallic lead in perovskite solar cells	179
High-performance and eco-friendly semitransparent organic solar cells for greenhouse applications	177
Efficiency Accreditation and Testing Protocols for Particulate Photocatalysts toward Solar Fuel Production	174
Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting	174
Efficient Organic Solar Cells from Molecular Orientation Control of M-Series Acceptors	173
High-Efficiency Indoor Organic Photovoltaics with a Band-Aligned Interlayer	173
Small-molecular donor guest achieves rigid 18.5% and flexible 15.9% efficiency organic photovoltaic via fine-tuning microstructure morphology	173
Techno-economic, life-cycle, and socioeconomic impact analysis of enzymatic recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)	172
Cascade CO2 electroreduction enables efficient carbonate-free production of ethylene	172
Active resonance triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting omnidirectional water-wave energy	171
Manufacturing energy and greenhouse gas emissions associated with plastics consumption	167
Ultrasonic Scanning to Observe Wetting and “Unwetting” in Li-Ion Pouch Cells	166
Deep neural network battery charging curve prediction using 30 points collected in 10 min	165
Ultrahigh Electricity Generation from Low-Frequency Mechanical Energy by Efficient Energy Management	162
Lithium Extraction from Seawater through Pulsed Electrochemical Intercalation	162
Self-Elimination of Intrinsic Defects Improves the Low-Temperature Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaics	160
Microscopic Degradation in Formamidinium-Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells under Operational Stressors	159
The Short-run and Long-run Effects of Covid-19 on Energy and the Environment	159
A Liquid Electrolyte with De-Solvated Lithium Ions for Lithium-Metal Battery	157
Are solid-state batteries safer than lithium-ion batteries?	157
Empirically grounded technology forecasts and the energy transition	153
The challenge and opportunity of battery lifetime prediction from field data	152
Charge transfer rates and electron trapping at buried interfaces of perovskite solar cells	150
Flexible Organic Solar Cells Over 15% Efficiency with Polyimide-Integrated Graphene Electrodes	150
Toward solar-driven carbon recycling	150
Ten concerns of Zn metal anode for rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries	148
Approaching 16% Efficiency in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on Ternary Strategy with a Highly Crystalline Acceptor	147

Facet orientation tailoring via 2D-seed- induced growth enables highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells	147
N2 Fixation by Plasma-Activated Processes	146
Monolayer Perovskite Bridges Enable Strong Quantum Dot Coupling for Efficient Solar Cells	146
Rashba Effect Maximizes Thermoelectric Performance of GeTe Derivatives	145
Balancing the efficiency, stability, and cost potential for organic solar cells via a new figure of merit	145
The performance-stability conundrum of BTP-based organic solar cells	144
High-Index-Facet- and High-Surface-Energy Nanocrystals of Metals and Metal Oxides as Highly Efficient Catalysts	143
Design and Manufacture of 3D-Printed Batteries	143
Zwitterionic-Surfactant-Assisted Room-Temperature Coating of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells	142
Unveiling the Stable Nature of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase between Lithium Metal and LiPON via Cryogenic Electron Microscopy	141
Development of perovskite solar cells with >25% conversion efficiency	141
Bubble growth and departure modes on wettable/non-wettable porous foams in alkaline water splitting	138
Highly reversible Zn anode with a practical areal capacity enabled by a sustainable electrolyte and superacid interfacial chemistry	138
Lead-free tin perovskite solar cells	136
Optimization Requirements of Efficient Polythiophene:Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells	136
Present Efficiencies and Future Opportunities in Thermophotovoltaics	134
Hydrovoltaic Energy on the Way	133
A comparative energy and costs assessment and optimization for direct air capture technologies	133
The metamorphosis of rechargeable magnesium batteries	132
The Application of Data-Driven Methods and Physics-Based Learning for Improving Battery Safety	130
Anode-free, Lean-Electrolyte Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Tellurium-Stabilized Lithium Deposition	130
Enhanced electrical properties of Li-salts doped mesoporous TiO2 in perovskite solar cells	129
Energy Consumption of Cryptocurrencies Beyond Bitcoin	129
High fill factor organic solar cells with increased dielectric constant and molecular packing density	127
Navigating the Clean Energy Transition in the COVID-19 Crisis	127
Concurrent cationic and anionic perovskite defect passivation enables 27.4% perovskite/silicon tandems with suppression of halide segregation	125
Flexible perovskite solar cells with simultaneously improved efficiency, operational stability, and mechanical reliability	124
Efficient and Reproducible Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells with Low-Loss Interconnecting Layers	123
Polythiophenes for organic solar cells with efficiency surpassing 17%	119
Efficient, stable formamidinium-cesium perovskite solar cells and minimodules enabled by crystallization regulation	119
A high-performing single-stage invert-structured solar water purifier through enhanced absorption and condensation	118
Pathway toward carbon-neutral electrical systems in China by mid-century with negative CO2 abatement costs informed by high-resolution modeling	117
To decarbonize industry, we must decarbonize heat	117
Liquid-state thermocells: Opportunities and challenges for low-grade heat harvesting	116
A Cross-Domain Approach to Analyzing the Short-Run Impact of COVID-19 on the US Electricity Sector	115
Detection of Micro-Scale Li Dendrite via H2 Gas Capture for Early Safety Warning	114
Trade-Offs between Geographic Scale, Cost, and Infrastructure Requirements for Fully Renewable Electricity in Europe	114
Address the “alkalinity problem” in CO2 electrolysis with catalyst design and translation	112
A Multi-functional Molecular Modifier Enabling Efficient Large-Area Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes	112
Revealing the Impact of Space-Charge Layers on the Li-Ion Transport in All-Solid-State Batteries	111
Selective Hole and Electron Transport in Efficient Quaternary Blend Organic Solar Cells	111
Liquid Metals in Catalysis for Energy Applications	110
Selective hydrogen peroxide conversion tailored by surface, interface, and device engineering	109
Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells on a Rocket Flight	109
Proton Radiation Hardness of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics	109
Membrane Electrolyzers for Impure-Water Splitting	108
The challenges of achieving a 100% renewable electricity system in the United States	108
28.2%-efficient, outdoor-stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell	106
Double-network thermocells with extraordinary toughness and boosted power density for continuous heat harvesting	106
Is Net Zero Carbon 2050 Possible?	106
Triplet exciton formation for non-radiative voltage loss in high-efficiency nonfullerene organic solar cells	105
Bioinspired Nanoporous Membrane for Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting	105
Cooperative catalysis coupling photo-/photothermal effect to drive Sabatier reaction with unprecedented conversion and selectivity	103
Critical role of additive-induced molecular interaction on the operational stability of perovskite light-emitting diodes	103
Techno-economic analysis of long-duration energy storage and flexible power generation technologies to support high-variable renewable energy grids	101
Review of modification strategies in emerging inorganic solid-state electrolytes for lithium, sodium, and potassium batteries	100
Kinetic- versus Diffusion-Driven Three-Dimensional Growth in Magnesium Metal Battery Anodes	100
Decoupling the effects of defects on efficiency and stability through phosphonates in stable halide perovskite solar cells	100
Next-generation thermoelectric cooling modules based on high-performance Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 material	99
Rational control of sequential morphology evolution and vertical distribution toward 17.18% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells	99
Transitioning solid-state batteries from lab to market: Linking electro-chemo-mechanics with practical considerations	98
A highly crystalline non-fullerene acceptor enabling efficient indoor organic photovoltaics with high EQE and fill factor	98
Tin perovskite solar cells with >1,300 h of operational stability in N2 through a synergistic chemical engineering approach	97
Using the sun to co-generate electricity and freshwater	97
Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules with Minimized Nonradiative Recombination and Local Carrier Transport Losses	96
Digestion of Ambient Humidity for Energy Generation	96
Electricity Storage and the Renewable Energy Transition	96
Microstructural Evolution of Battery Electrodes During Calendering	96
Unraveling the mechanical origin of stable solid electrolyte interphase	95
Global Techno-Economic Performance of Bifacial and Tracking Photovoltaic Systems	95
The role of halide oxidation in perovskite halide phase separation	94
Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries	94
Improving Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by A Near-Infrared-Absorbing Moisture Barrier	93
Increasing the performance of an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer operating in pure water with a nickel-based microporous layer	93
Dual-anion ionic liquid electrolyte enables stable Ni-rich cathodes in lithium-metal batteries	91
Stress evolution during cycling of alloy-anode solid-state batteries	91
Decarbonizing cement production	91
Polysilicon passivated junctions: The next technology for silicon solar cells?	91
Cycling mechanism of Li2MnO3: Li–CO2 batteries and commonality on oxygen redox in cathode materials	91
Storing energy with molecular photoisomers	91

Efficient perovskite solar mini-modules fabricated via bar-coating using 2-methoxyethanol-based formamidinium lead tri-iodide precursor solution	91
Quantifying the challenge of reaching a 100% renewable energy power system for the United States	90
Elucidating the Full Potential of OPV Materials Utilizing a High-Throughput Robot-Based Platform and Machine Learning	90
A passive perspiration biofuel cell: High energy return on investment	89
Mechanical properties of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries	89
Precious metal recovery	88
Cycling Lithium Metal on Graphite to Form Hybrid Lithium-Ion/Lithium Metal Cells	87
Ultrastable aqueous phenazine flow batteries with high capacity operated at elevated temperatures	87
Organic electronic synapses with low energy consumption	87
Identifying the Soft Nature of Defective Perovskite Surface Layer and Its Removal Using a Facile Mechanical Approach	86
The hydrogen economy: A pragmatic path forward	86
Utilization of Trapped Optical Modes for White Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with Efficiency over 12%	85
Global Atlas of Closed-Loop Pumped Hydro Energy Storage	85
18.2%-efficient ternary all-polymer organic solar cells with improved stability enabled by a chlorinated guest polymer acceptor	85
Integrated solar-driven PV cooling and seawater desalination with zero liquid discharge	83
A Figure of Merit for Flexible Batteries	83
Design Rules for High-Valent Redox in Intercalation Electrodes	83
Alcohol Production from Carbon Dioxide: Methanol as a Fuel and Chemical Feedstock	83
The Value of Inter-Regional Coordination and Transmission in Decarbonizing the US Electricity System	83
Extraordinary acidic oxygen evolution on new phase 3R-iridium oxide	83
Efficient and Stable Graded CsPbI3−xBrx Perovskite Solar Cells and Submodules by Orthogonal Processable Spray Coating	83
A 500 Wh/kg Lithium-Metal Cell Based on Anionic Redox	83
Rapid Open-Air Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Modules	82
Intrinsic voltage plateau of a Nb2CTx MXene cathode in an aqueous electrolyte induced by high-voltage scanning	82
A conjugated donor-acceptor block copolymer enables over 11% efficiency for single-component polymer solar cells	81
Accelerating Low-Carbon Innovation	81
High Performance Printed AgO-Zn Rechargeable Battery for Flexible Electronics	81
Benchmarking of oxygen evolution catalysts on porous nickel supports	80
n-doped inorganic molecular clusters as a new type of hole transport material for efficient organic solar cells	80
Electrosynthesis of ammonia with high selectivity and high rates via engineering of the solid-electrolyte interphase	79
A Passive High-Temperature High-Pressure Solar Steam Generator for Medical Sterilization	79
Levelized Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles in the United States	78
Rational selection of the polymeric structure for interface engineering of perovskite solar cells	78
Eliminating over-oxidation of ruthenium oxides by niobium for highly stable electrocatalytic oxygen evolution in acidic media	78
Self-powered and self-sensing devices based on human motion	78
A framework for a hydrogen economy	78
Revealing the strain-associated physical mechanisms impacting the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells	76
Toward Controlled Thermal Energy Storage and Release in Organic Phase Change Materials	76
Identifying soft breakdown in all-solid-state lithium battery	76
Dimerized small-molecule acceptors enable efficient and stable organic solar cells	76
The feasibility of heavy battery electric trucks	76
Surface redox engineering of vacuum-deposited NiOx for top-performance perovskite solar cells and modules	75
Large-scale solar-thermal desalination	74
Reduced Self-Doping of Perovskites Induced by Short Annealing for Efficient Solar Modules	74
Highly efficient CsPbI3/Cs1-xDMAxPbI3 bulk heterojunction perovskite solar cell	73
A New General Paradigm for Understanding and Preventing Li Metal Penetration through Solid Electrolytes	73
Triple-junction solar cells with 39.5% terrestrial and 34.2% space efficiency enabled by thick quantum well superlattices	72
Challenges and key requirements of batteries for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft	72
The promise of alloy anodes for solid-state batteries	71
Consensus statement: Standardized reporting of power-producing luminescent solar concentrator performance	71
Self-powered sensing technologies for human Metaverse interfacing	71
Revisiting Bitcoin’s carbon footprint	70
Nitrogen fixation in an electrode-free microwave plasma	70
Mitigation of Vacuum and Illumination-Induced Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells by Structure Engineering	70
Moisture-Driven CO2 Sorbents	69
Machine learning with knowledge constraints for process optimization of open-air perovskite solar cell manufacturing	69
Naphthalenothiophene imide-based polymer exhibiting over 17% efficiency	68
Proton conductors for heavy-duty vehicle fuel cells	68
Robot-Based High-Throughput Screening of Antisolvents for Lead Halide Perovskites	68
Lightweight, Passive Radiative Cooling to Enhance Concentrating Photovoltaics	68
Pulse check: Potential opportunities in pulsed electrochemical CO2 reduction	68
A Device-to-Material Strategy Guiding the “Double-High” Thermoelectric Module	67
Water electrolysis: Direct from the sea or not to be?	67
Standardized Battery Reporting Guidelines	66
Photovoltaically top-performing perovskite crystal facets	66
National energy security or acceleration of transition? Energy policy after the war in Ukraine	66
Overcoming Shockley-Queisser limit using halide perovskite platform?	65
Decarbonization of the chemical industry through electrification: Barriers and opportunities	65
Thermal runaway routes of large-format lithium-sulfur pouch cell batteries	65
Evaporating potential	65
A path forward for the translational development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries	65
Sandwiched electrode buffer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with dual back surface fields	64
Intermediate phase engineering of halide perovskites for photovoltaics	63
Nanogenerators to Power Implantable Medical Systems	62
Over 24% efficient MA-free CsxFA1−xPbX3 perovskite solar cells	62
Tailoring solvent-mediated ligand exchange for CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot solar cells with efficiency exceeding 16.5%	62
Bitcoin boom: What rising prices mean for the network’s energy consumption	61
Nonaqueous rechargeable aluminum batteries	60
Roadmaps to net-zero emissions systems: Emerging insights and modeling challenges	60
Smart polyethylene textiles for radiative and evaporative cooling	60
In situ crosslinking-assisted perovskite grain growth for mechanically robust flexible perovskite solar cells with 23.4% efficiency	60
A solar tower fuel plant for the thermochemical production of kerosene from H2O and CO2	60
New Dimensions of Vulnerability to Energy and Transport Poverty	60
Stimuli-responsive switchable halide perovskites: Taking advantage of instability	60
A simple one-step method with wide processing window for high-quality perovskite mini-module fabrication	59
Oxygen-redox reactions in LiCoO2 cathode without O–O bonding during charge-discharge	59
The role of artificial intelligence in the mass adoption of electric vehicles	59
US building energy efficiency and flexibility as an electric grid resource	59
Low-cost hydrocarbon membrane enables commercial-scale flow batteries for long-duration energy storage	59
24.8%-efficient planar perovskite solar cells via ligand-engineered TiO2 deposition	58
Scaling up high-energy-density sulfidic solid-state batteries: A lab-to-pilot perspective	58
Direct and stable α-phase formation via ionic liquid solvation for formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells	58
Solar and wind grid system value in the United States: The effect of transmission congestion, generation profiles, and curtailment	57
Characterizing the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diodes	57
Policy Decision Support for Renewables Deployment through Spatially Explicit Practically Optimal Alternatives	57