Advanced Intelligent Systems

Article	Citations
Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications	339
Soft Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications: A Review	263
Robotics, Smart Wearable Technologies, and Autonomous Intelligent Systems for Healthcare During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the State of the Art and Future Vision	207
Magnetic Actuation Systems for Miniature Robots: A Review	186
Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Sensing Technologies in the 5G/Internet of Things Era: From Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality to the Digital Twin	164
Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing	152
Memristors—From In‐Memory Computing, Deep Learning Acceleration, and Spiking Neural Networks to the Future of Neuromorphic and Bio‐Inspired Computing	151
Finite Element Modeling of Soft Fluidic Actuators: Overview and Recent Developments	139
Review of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators and Their Applications in Soft Robots	118
Recent Advances of Volatile Memristors: Devices, Mechanisms, and Applications	116
In‐Memory Vector‐Matrix Multiplication in Monolithic Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor‐Memristor Integrated Circuits: Design Choices, Challenges, and Perspectives	107
Device and Circuit Architectures for In‐Memory Computing	105
Hardware Implementation of Neuromorphic Computing Using Large‐Scale Memristor Crossbar Arrays	103
Recent Progress in Transistor‐Based Optoelectronic Synapses: From Neuromorphic Computing to Artificial Sensory System	102
Evolutionary Algorithm‐Guided Voxel‐Encoding Printing of Functional Hard‐Magnetic Soft Active Materials	94
Machine Learning‐Enabled Smart Sensor Systems	92
Memristive Crossbar Arrays for Storage and Computing Applications	89
A Review of 3D‐Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Sensors: Research Challenges and Opportunities	85
Smart Tactile Gloves for Haptic Interaction, Communication, and Rehabilitation	84
Magnetically Controlled Soft Robotics Utilizing Elastomers and Gels in Actuation: A Review	81
Soft Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications: A Review	80
Recent Advances in Machine Learning for Fiber Optic Sensor Applications	79
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Empower Advanced Biomedical Material Design to Toxicity Prediction	79
Control Strategies for Soft Robot Systems	76
Trends in Workplace Wearable Technologies and Connected‐Worker Solutions for Next‐Generation Occupational Safety, Health, and Productivity	72

Roads to Smart Artificial Microswimmers	70
Brain‐Inspired Structural Plasticity through Reweighting and Rewiring in Multi‐Terminal Self‐Organizing Memristive Nanowire Networks	70
Liquid Crystal Polymer‐Based Soft Robots	69
Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers	69
Arthropod‐Metamerism‐Inspired Resonant Piezoelectric Millirobot	66
SensAct: The Soft and Squishy Tactile Sensor with Integrated Flexible Actuator	65
Interfacial Tension Modulation of Liquid Metal via Electrochemical Oxidation	62
Intelligent In‐Vehicle Interaction Technologies	61
Memristive Devices for New Computing Paradigms	60
Intelligent Soft Surgical Robots for Next‐Generation Minimally Invasive Surgery	59
Self‐Driven Multistep Quantum Dot Synthesis Enabled by Autonomous Robotic Experimentation in Flow	58
Covalent and Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with DNA for Smart Sensing	58
Advanced Intelligent Systems for Surgical Robotics	56
Control and Autonomy of Microrobots: Recent Progress and Perspective	56
Programming Multistate Aggregation‐Induced Emissive Polymeric Hydrogel into 3D Structures for On‐Demand Information Decryption and Transmission	56
Recent Advances in Twisted‐Fiber Artificial Muscles	55
Soft Actuators and Robotic Devices for Rehabilitation and Assistance	53
Achieving Microstructure‐Controlled Synaptic Plasticity and Long‐Term Retention in Ion‐Gel‐Gated Organic Synaptic Transistors	53
A Review of Dielectric Elastomer Generator Systems	53
Magnetic Arthropod Millirobots Fabricated by 3D‐Printed Hydrogels	52
From Bit to Bedside: A Practical Framework for Artificial Intelligence Product Development in Healthcare	51
Recent Progress on Emerging Transistor‐Based Neuromorphic Devices	51
From Bioinspiration to Computer Generation: Developments in Autonomous Soft Robot Design	50
Smart Contact Lenses for Biosensing Applications	48
Switchable Perovskite Photovoltaic Sensors for Bioinspired Adaptive Machine Vision	47
Recent Advances in Motion Control of Micro/Nanomotors	47
Neuromorphic Motion Detection and Orientation Selectivity by Volatile Resistive Switching Memories	47
Recent Advances in Flexible Field‐Effect Transistors toward Wearable Sensors	46
4D Printing: Enabling Technology for Microrobotics Applications	43
Millimeter‐Scale Soft Continuum Robots for Large‐Angle and High‐Precision Manipulation by Hybrid Actuation	43
Artificial Somatosensors: Feedback Receptors for Electronic Skins	43
Engineering Magnetic Micro/Nanorobots for Versatile Biomedical Applications	42
Artificial Neural Networks Based on Memristive Devices: From Device to System	42
Flexible Strain Sensors for Wearable Hand Gesture Recognition: From Devices to Systems	41
Recent Advances in Field‐Controlled Micro–Nano Manipulations and Micro–Nano Robots	41
Liquid Metal Enabled Biodevices	41
Recent Progress of Optoelectronic and All‐Optical Neuromorphic Devices: A Comprehensive Review of Device Structures, Materials, and Applications	40
Surface Modification of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Mechanisms and Applications in Biomedical Sensors and Soft Actuators	40
A Simple, Inexpensive, Wearable Glove with Hybrid Resistive‐Pressure Sensors for Computational Sensing, Proprioception, and Task Identification	40
Bioinspired Inchworm‐ and Earthworm‐like Soft Robots with Intrinsic Strain Sensing	39
Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Soft Robotics for Space Applications	38
Smart Stretchable Electronics for Advanced Human–Machine Interface	38
Recent Advances in Solution‐Processable Organic Photodetectors and Applications in Flexible Electronics	37
Liquid Metal‐Based Strain Sensor with Ultralow Detection Limit for Human–Machine Interface Applications	35
A Review on Active 3D Microstructures via Direct Laser Lithography	34
Variability in Resistive Memories	34
3D Microprinting of Iron Platinum Nanoparticle‐Based Magnetic Mobile Microrobots	34
Multi‐Field Synergy Manipulating Soft Polymeric Hydrogel Transformers	34
Electronic Textile Sensors for Decoding Vital Body Signals: State‐of‐the‐Art Review on Characterizations and Recommendations	33
The Encoding of Light‐Driven Micro/Nanorobots: from Single to Swarming Systems	33

Stretchable, Multifunctional Epidermal Sensor Patch for Surface Electromyography and Strain Measurements	33
A Flexible Magnetically Controlled Continuum Robot Steering in the Enlarged Effective Workspace with Constraints for Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery	32
Intelligent Polymer‐Based Bioinspired Actuators: From Monofunction to Multifunction	32
Low‐Voltage Soft Actuators for Interactive Human–Machine Interfaces	32
A Data‐Driven Review of Soft Robotics	32
Fused Deposition Modeling‐Based 3D‐Printed Electrical Interconnects and Circuits	32
Soft Actuator Materials for Electrically Driven Haptic Interfaces	31
Smart Manufacturing for Smart Cities—Overview, Insights, and Future Directions	31
Worm‐Inspired Soft Robots Enable Adaptable Pipeline and Tunnel Inspection	31
Ion‐Gated Transistor: An Enabler for Sensing and Computing Integration	30
Self‐Powered Stretchable Mechanoluminescent Optical Fiber Strain Sensor	30
Engineering Intelligent Nanosystems for Enhanced Medical Imaging	30
4‐bit Multilevel Operation in Overshoot Suppressed Al2O3/TiOx Resistive Random‐Access Memory Crossbar Array	30
Low‐Power Computing with Neuromorphic Engineering	30
Continuum Robots: An Overview	30
Progress and Benchmark of Spiking Neuron Devices and Circuits	29
Liquid Metal Interdigitated Capacitive Strain Sensor with Normal Stress Insensitivity	29
Soft Origami Gripper with Variable Effective Length	29
Modeling and Control of a Soft Robotic Fish with Integrated Soft Sensing	28
Magnetically Actuated Continuum Medical Robots: A Review	28
Artificial Intelligence in Process Engineering	28
Magnetic Mobile Microrobots for Upstream and Downstream Navigation in Biofluids with Variable Flow Rate	27
Waterproof Mechanically Robust Multifunctional Conformal Sensors for Underwater Interactive Human–Machine Interfaces	27
Human–Machine Collaboration for Automated Driving Using an Intelligent Two‐Phase Haptic Interface	27
A Review of Dielectric Elastomer Generator Systems	27
Automated Evaluation of Human Embryo Blastulation and Implantation Potential using Deep‐Learning	27
Tailoring Flexible Arrays for Artificial Cilia Actuators	27
Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Intelligent Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Review	27
Mechanically‐Guided 4D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Soft Materials across Different Length Scale	26
A High‐Speed True Random Number Generator Based on a CuxTe1−x Diffusive Memristor	26
Machine Learning‐Driven Bioelectronics for Closed‐Loop Control of Cells	26
Combination of Organic‐Based Reservoir Computing and Spiking Neuromorphic Systems for a Robust and Efficient Pattern Classification	25
Lighter and Stronger: Cofabricated Electrodes and Variable Stiffness Elements in Dielectric Actuators	25
Ultra‐Flexible Biodegradable Pressure Sensitive Field Effect Transistors for Hands‐Free Control of Robot Movements	25
Memristive Stateful Logic for Edge Boolean Computers	25
Microporous Induced Fully Printed Pressure Sensor for Wearable Soft Robotics Machine Interfaces	24
Modular Origami Soft Robot with the Perception of Interaction Force and Body Configuration	24
Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Tracking and Navigation of Submillimeter‐Scale Wireless Magnetic Robots	24
Structural Engineering for High‐Performance Flexible and Stretchable Strain Sensors	23
Color‐Recognizing Si‐Based Photonic Synapse for Artificial Visual System	23
Ultrasensitive Hierarchical Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for Wide‐Range Pressure Detection	23
Artificial Multisensory Neurons with Fused Haptic and Temperature Perception for Multimodal In‐Sensor Computing	23
Emergence of In‐Materio Intelligence from an Incidental Structure of a Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube–Porphyrin Polyoxometalate Random Network	23
Shape‐Controlled Flexible Microelectronics Facilitated by Integrated Sensors and Conductive Polymer Actuators	23
Design and Control of the Micromotor Swarm Toward Smart Applications	23
High‐Displacement, Fiber‐Reinforced Shape Memory Alloy Soft Actuator with Integrated Sensors and Its Equivalent Network Model	22
Electrothermal Actuators with Ultrafast Response Speed and Large Deformation	22
Extrapolative Bayesian Optimization with Gaussian Process and Neural Network Ensemble Surrogate Models	22
Varied Alignment Methods and Versatile Actuations for Liquid Crystal Elastomers: A Review	22
Recent Progress of Protein‐Based Data Storage and Neuromorphic Devices	22
0.7 Å Resolution Electron Tomography Enabled by Deep‐Learning‐Aided Information Recovery	22
Data‐Driven Approaches Toward Smarter Additive Manufacturing	22
Deep Learning Designs of Anisotropic Metasurfaces in Ultrawideband Based on Generative Adversarial Networks	22
Augmenting Sensor Performance with Machine Learning Towards Smart Wearable Sensing Electronic Systems	22
A Skin‐Like and Highly Stretchable Optical Fiber Sensor with the Hybrid Coding of Wavelength–Light Intensity	21
Bioinspired Distributed Energy in Robotics and Enabling Technologies	21
Soft Spiral‐Shaped Microswimmers for Autonomous Swimming Control by Detecting Surrounding Environments	21
Nonvolatile Capacitive Crossbar Array for In‐Memory Computing	21
Spike‐Enabled Audio Learning in Multilevel Synaptic Memristor Array‐Based Spiking Neural Network	21
Application of Memristors in Hardware Security: A Current State‐of‐the‐Art Technology	21
Magnetorheological Fluid‐Based Flow Control for Soft Robots	21
Inkjet Printing of Complex Soft Machines with Densely Integrated Electrostatic Actuators	21
Surface Texture Recognition by Deep Learning‐Enhanced Tactile Sensing	21
Hardware‐Friendly Stochastic and Adaptive Learning in Memristor Convolutional Neural Networks	20
Printable Transparent Microelectrodes toward Mechanically and Visually Imperceptible Electronics	20
Soft Touch using Soft Pneumatic Actuator–Skin as a Wearable Haptic Feedback Device	20
Back‐End CMOS Compatible and Flexible Ferroelectric Memories for Neuromorphic Computing and Adaptive Sensing	20
A Bio‐Inspired Neuromorphic Sensory System	20
Gradient Descent on Multilevel Spin–Orbit Synapses with Tunable Variations	20
4D Printing of Electroactive Materials	20
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Empower Advanced Biomedical Material Design to Toxicity Prediction	20
System‐Engineered Miniaturized Robots: From Structure to Intelligence	20
Programmable Amplitude‐Coding Metasurface with Multifrequency Modulations	20
Leech‐Inspired Shape‐Encodable Liquid Metal Robots for Reconfigurable Circuit Welding and Transient Electronics	20
Analog Sensing and Computing Systems with Low Power Consumption for Gesture Recognition	20
In‐Memory Database Query	20
Robust Three‐Component Elastomer–Particle–Fiber Composites with Tunable Properties for Soft Robotics	19
Highly Uniform All‐Vacuum‐Deposited Inorganic Perovskite Artificial Synapses for Reservoir Computing	19
NbO2 Memristive Neurons for Burst‐Based Perceptron	19
Modeling and Emulating a Physiotherapist's Role in Robot‐Assisted Rehabilitation	19

Reprogrammable 3D Liquid‐Crystalline Actuators with Precisely Controllable Stepwise Actuation	19
In‐Memory Eigenvector Computation in Time O(1)	19
3D‐Printed Pneumatically Controlled Soft Suction Cups for Gripping Fragile, Small, and Rough Objects	19
Dual‐Responsive Soft Actuators with Integrated Sensing Function Based on 1T‐MoS2 Composite	19
Smart Electronic Nose Enabled by an All‐Feature Olfactory Algorithm	18
Neuromorphic Engineering for Hardware Computational Acceleration and Biomimetic Perception Motion Integration	18
Biodegradable and Flexible Polymer‐Based Memristor Possessing Optimized Synaptic Plasticity for Eco‐Friendly Wearable Neural Networks with High Energy Efficiency	18
All‐Electric Nonassociative Learning in Nickel Oxide	18
Recent Progress on Memristive Convolutional Neural Networks for Edge Intelligence	18
Robotic Devices for Minimally Invasive Endovascular Interventions: A New Dawn for Interventional Radiology	18
Centrosymmetric‐ and Axisymmetric‐Patterned Flexible Tactile Sensor for Roughness and Slip Intelligent Recognition	18
Nanodancing with Moisture: Humidity‐Sensitive Bilayer Actuator Derived from Cellulose Nanofibrils and Reduced Graphene Oxide	18
Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables	18
Recent Progress in 3D Printing of Smart Structures: Classification, Challenges, and Trends	18
Magnetic Miniature Actuators with Six‐Degrees‐of‐Freedom Multimodal Soft‐Bodied Locomotion	18
Machine Learning‐Enabled Smart Gas Sensing Platform for Identification of Industrial Gases	18
In‐Sensor Reservoir Computing Based on Optoelectronic Synapse	17
Intelligent Insect–Computer Hybrid Robot: Installing Innate Obstacle Negotiation and Onboard Human Detection onto Cyborg Insect	17
3D Manipulation of Magnetic Liquid Metals	17
Multimodal Sensors and ML‐Based Data Fusion for Advanced Robots	17
Versatile Thin‐Film Transistor with Independent Control of Charge Injection and Transport for Mixed Signal and Analog Computation	17
Self‐Powered and Interface‐Independent Tactile Sensors Based on Bilayer Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Robotic Electronic Skin	17
Bioinspired Multilegged Piezoelectric Robot: The Design Philosophy Aiming at High‐Performance Micromanipulation	17
Tactile and Vision Perception for Intelligent Humanoids	17
Recent Advancements in Emerging Neuromorphic Device Technologies	16
Development of Artificial Neural Network System to Recommend Process Conditions of Injection Molding for Various Geometries	16
A Dual‐Origami Design that Enables the Quasisequential Deployment and Bending Motion of Soft Robots and Grippers	16
Advanced Electrical and Optical Microsystems for Biointerfacing	16
Liquid Metal‐Enabled Soft Logic Devices	16
Retina‐Inspired Two‐Terminal Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Devices with Light‐Tunable Short‐Term Plasticity for Self‐Adjusting Sensing	16
Demonstration of Spider‐Eyes‐Like Intelligent Antennas for Dynamically Perceiving Incoming Waves	16
Flash Memory Array for Efficient Implementation of Deep Neural Networks	15
Large‐Area Hand‐Covering Elastomeric Electronic Skin Sensor with Distributed Multifunctional Sensing Capability	15
Computationally Assisted Design and Selection of Maneuverable Biological Walking Machines	15
Ex Situ Transfer of Bayesian Neural Networks to Resistive Memory‐Based Inference Hardware	15
Distributed Situational Awareness in Robot Swarms	15
Inkjet‐Printed Iontronics for Transparent, Elastic, and Strain‐Insensitive Touch Sensing Matrix	15
Discriminating Soft Actuators’ Thermal Stimuli and Mechanical Deformation by Hydrogel Sensors and Machine Learning	15
Bioinspired Soft Robotic Fish for Wireless Underwater Control of Gliding Locomotion	15
Tackling the Challenge of a Huge Materials Science Search Space with Quantum‐Inspired Annealing	15
Low‐Cost Data Glove Based on Deep‐Learning‐Enhanced Flexible Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Real‐Time Gesture Recognition	15
Facile Manufacturing Route for Magneto‐Responsive Soft Actuators	15
Liquid Metal Smart Materials toward Soft Robotics	15
Recent Advances in Self‐Healable Intelligent Materials Enabled by Supramolecular Crosslinking Design	15
Bioinspired Co‐Design of Tactile Sensor and Deep Learning Algorithm for Human–Robot Interaction	15
Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Abnormal Changes in the Urine Composition of Prostate Cancer: An Application of an Intelligent Diagnostic Model with a Deep Learning Algorithm	14
Remotely Controlled Colloidal Assembly of Soft Microrobotic Artificial Muscle	14
The Rise of Machine Learning in Polymer Discovery	14
In Situ Nondestructive Fatigue‐Life Prediction of Additive Manufactured Parts by Establishing a Process–Defect–Property Relationship	14
Liquid Stratification and Diffusion‐Induced Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators with Excellent Thermosensitivity and Programmable Functionality	14
Artificial Intelligence‐Based Clinical Decision Support for COVID‐19–Where Art Thou?	14
Device Variation Effects on Neural Network Inference Accuracy in Analog In‐Memory Computing Systems	14
Memory Devices for Flexible and Neuromorphic Device Applications	14
Independent Control and Path Planning of Microswimmers with a Uniform Magnetic Field	14
3D Touch Surface for Interactive Pseudo‐Holographic Displays	14
Advances in Space Robots for On‐Orbit Servicing: A Comprehensive Review	14
Self‐Organization of Remote Reservoirs: Transferring Computation to Spatially Distant Locations	14
A Coupled Spintronics Neuromorphic Approach for High‐Performance Reservoir Computing	14
Ultrasensitive Flexible Memory Phototransistor with Detectivity of 1.8×1013 Jones for Artificial Visual Nociceptor	14
Memristive, Spintronic, and 2D‐Materials‐Based Devices to Improve and Complement Computing Hardware	14
Implementation of Highly Reliable and Energy‐Efficient Nonvolatile In‐Memory Computing using Multistate Domain Wall Spin–Orbit Torque Device	14
Emerging Optical In‐Memory Computing Sensor Synapses Based on Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Neuromorphic Networks	14
Development of a Cell‐Loading Microrobot with Simultaneously Improved Degradability and Mechanical Strength for Performing In Vivo Delivery Tasks	14
Ring Origami: Snap‐Folding of Rings with Different Geometries	14
Flapping‐Wing Dynamics as a Natural Detector of Wind Direction	14
Microengineered Materials with Self‐Healing Features for Soft Robotics	14
Multistimuli‐Responsive Insect‐Scale Soft Robotics Based on Anisotropic Super‐Aligned VO2 Nanowire/Carbon Nanotube Bimorph Actuators	14
Optical Nanofiber Skins for Multifunctional Humanoid Tactility	14
High‐Precision Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimations Using Digital Programmable Metasurface	14
Engineering Cell‐Based Systems for Smart Cancer Therapy	14
Magnetically Actuated Reconfigurable Metamaterials as Conformal Electromagnetic Filters	14
Ultra‐High Gauge Factor Strain Sensor with Wide‐Range Stretchability	14
Bioinspired Flexible and Programmable Negative Stiffness Mechanical Metamaterials	14
Gas Sensor Array with Pattern Recognition Algorithms for Highly Sensitive and Selective Discrimination of Trimethylamine	13
Locomotion of Sensor‐Integrated Soft Robotic Devices Inside Sub‐Millimeter Arteries with Impaired Flow Conditions	13
Human‐Skin‐Inspired Adaptive Smart Textiles Capable of Amplified Latent Heat Transfer for Thermal Comfort	13
Hybrid System Analysis and Control of a Soft Robotic Gripper with Embedded Proprioceptive Sensing for Enhanced Gripping Performance	13
Robust and Scalable Flat‐Optics on Flexible Substrates via Evolutionary Neural Networks	13
Magnetically Actuated Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nano‐Robots for Targeted Treatment	13
A Capacitive and Piezoresistive Hybrid Sensor for Long‐Distance Proximity and Wide‐Range Force Detection in Human–Robot Collaboration	13
Light‐Fueled Climbing of Monolithic Torsional Soft Robots via Molecular Engineering	13
Flexible Artificial Synapses Based on Field Effect Transistors: From Materials, Mechanics towards Applications	13
Switchable Perovskite Photovoltaic Sensors for Bioinspired Adaptive Machine Vision	13
Human‐Like Interactive Behavior Generation for Autonomous Vehicles: A Bayesian Game‐Theoretic Approach with Turing Test	13
Enhanced Locomotion of Shape Morphing Microrobots by Surface Coating	13
Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Pattern Is All You Need for Machine‐Learning‐Based Symmetry Identification and Property Prediction	13
Performance Prediction and Experimental Optimization Assisted by Machine Learning for Organic Photovoltaics	13
Overcoming Pilotitis in Digital Medicine at the Intersection of Data, Clinical Evidence, and Adoption	13
Color Modulation in Morpho Butterfly Wings Using Liquid Crystalline Elastomers	13
The Synergistic Role of Additive Manufacturing and Artificial Intelligence for the Design of New Advanced Intelligent Systems	13
Glove‐ and Sleeve‐Format Variable‐Friction Electrostatic Clutches for Kinesthetic Haptics	13
Autonomous Nanocrystal Doping by Self‐Driving Fluidic Micro‐Processors	13
A Dual Magnetic Tunnel Junction‐Based Neuromorphic Device	13
Versatile Like a Seahorse Tail: A Bio‐Inspired Programmable Continuum Robot For Conformal Grasping	13
Bidirectional Propulsion of Arc‐Shaped Microswimmers Driven by Precessing Magnetic Fields	12