OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Plant Phenomics is 5. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-09-01 to 2025-09-01.)

Article	Citations
Robust High-Throughput Phenotyping with Deep Segmentation Enabled by a Web-Based Annotator	70
A Mechanistic Model for Estimating Rice Photosynthetic Capacity and Stomatal Conductance from Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence	66
Phenotyping of Silique Morphology in Oilseed Rape Using Skeletonization with Hierarchical Segmentation	57
Enhancing Green Fraction Estimation in Rice and Wheat Crops: A Self-Supervised Deep Learning Semantic Segmentation Approach	54
KDOSS-net: Knowledge distillation-based outpainting and semantic segmentation network for crop and weed images	54
Deep Learning Enables Instant and Versatile Estimation of Rice Yield Using Ground-Based RGB Images	52
Rice Plant Counting, Locating, and Sizing Method Based on High-Throughput UAV RGB Images	47
The Importance of Using Realistic 3D Canopy Models to Calculate Light Interception in the Field	43
Geographic-Scale Coffee Cherry Counting with Smartphones and Deep Learning	42
Dynamic maize true leaf area index retrieval with KGCNN and TL and integrated 3D radiative transfer modeling for crop phenotyping	39
Noninvasive Abiotic Stress Phenotyping of Vascular Plant in Each Vegetative Organ View	39
Practical Identifiability of Plant Growth Models: A Unifying Framework and Its Specification for Three Local Indices	38
Location-guided lesions representation learning via image generation for assessing plant leaf diseases severity	37
Enabling Breeding Selection for Biomass in Slash Pine Using UAV-Based Imaging	36
Identifying Regenerated Saplings by Stratifying Forest Overstory Using Airborne LiDAR Data	35
Detection and Reconstruction of Passion Fruit Branches via CNN and Bidirectional Sector Search	34
Maturity Classification of Rapeseed Using Hyperspectral Image Combined with Machine Learning	32
3dCAP-Wheat: An Open-Source Comprehensive Computational Framework Precisely Quantifies Wheat Foliar, Nonfoliar, and Canopy Photosynthesis	32
Rape Yield Estimation Considering Non-Foliar Green Organs Based on the General Crop Growth Model	32
Performance of stacking machine learning and volume model for improving corn above ground biomass prediction	31
Visualization and Quantitative Evaluation of Functional Structures of Soybean Root Nodules via Synchrotron X-ray Imaging	30
EasyDAM_V2: Efficient Data Labeling Method for Multishape, Cross-Species Fruit Detection	29
Drone-Based Digital Phenotyping to Evaluating Relative Maturity, Stand Count, and Plant Height in Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)	29
The Dissection of Nitrogen Response Traits Using Drone Phenotyping and Dynamic Phenotypic Analysis to Explore N Responsiveness and Associated Genetic Loci in Wheat	29
How Useful Is Image-Based Active Learning for Plant Organ Segmentation?	29

Instance Segmentation and Berry Counting of Table Grape before Thinning Based on AS-SwinT	28
Assessing the Storage Root Development of Cassava with a New Analysis Tool	27
Spotibot: Rapid scoring of Botrytis lesions on rose petals using deep learning and mobile computing	27
Wearable Sensor: An Emerging Data Collection Tool for Plant Phenotyping	27
TrichomeYOLO: A Neural Network for Automatic Maize Trichome Counting	26
PREPs: An Open-Source Software for High-Throughput Field Plant Phenotyping	25
PDDD-PreTrain: A Series of Commonly Used Pre-Trained Models Support Image-Based Plant Disease Diagnosis	25
RGB imaging and computer vision-based approaches for identifying spike number loci for wheat	25
MLG-YOLO: A Model for Real-Time Accurate Detection and Localization of Winter Jujube in Complex Structured Orchard Environments	24
Fruit Water Stress Index of Apple Measured by Means of Temperature-Annotated 3D Point Cloud	24
Time-Series Field Phenotyping of Soybean Growth Analysis by Combining Multimodal Deep Learning and Dynamic Modeling	22
SMICGS: A novel snapshot multispectral imaging sensor for quantitative monitoring of crop growth	22
Phenotyping of Panicle Number and Shape in Rice Breeding Materials Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery	22
A Multi-Target Regression Method to Predict Element Concentrations in Tomato Leaves Using Hyperspectral Imaging	22
Segmenting vegetation from UAV images via spectral reconstruction in complex field environments	22
Boosting leaf trait estimation from reflectance spectra by elucidating the transferability of PLSR models	22
Application of Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Imaging with Machine Learning for High-Throughput Plant Heavy Metal Stress Phenotyping: A Review	21
Multi-granularity alignment for crop diseases detection	21
A Generic Model to Estimate Wheat LAI over Growing Season Regardless of the Soil-Type Background	21
High-Throughput Field Plant Phenotyping: A Self-Supervised Sequential CNN Method to Segment Overlapping Plants	20
Can Distributed Ledgers Help to Overcome the Need of Labeled Data for Agricultural Machine Learning Tasks?	19
3D U-Net Segmentation Improves Root System Reconstruction from 3D MRI Images in Automated and Manual Virtual Reality Work Flows	19
PhenoGazer: A high-throughput phenotyping system to track plant stress responses using hyperspectral reflectance, nighttime chlorophyll fluorescence and RGB imaging in controlled environments	18
Quantifying Contributions of Different Factors to Canopy Photosynthesis in 2 Maize Varieties: Development of a Novel 3D Canopy Modeling Pipeline	18
Characterization and Identification of NPK Stress in Rice Using Terrestrial Hyperspectral Images	17
Functional–Structural Plant Model “GreenLab”: A State-of-the-Art Review	17
A keypoint-based method for detecting weed growth points in corn field environments	17
GSP-AI: An AI-Powered Platform for Identifying Key Growth Stages and the Vegetative-to-Reproductive Transition in Wheat Using Trilateral Drone Imagery and Meteorological Data	17
Noninvasive Detection of Salt Stress in Cotton Seedlings by Combining Multicolor Fluorescence–Multispectral Reflectance Imaging with EfficientNet-OB2	16
CVRP: A rice image dataset with high-quality annotations for image segmentation and plant phenomics research	16
Pre-symptomatic diagnosis of rice blast and brown spot diseases using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging	16
Fitting maximum crown width height of Chinese fir through ensemble learning combined with fine spatial competition	16
From Neglecting to Including Cultivar-Specific Per Se Temperature Responses: Extending the Concept of Thermal Time in Field Crops	15
AFM-YOLOv8s: An Accurate, Fast, and Highly Robust Model for Detection of Sporangia of Plasmopara viticola with Various Morphological Variants	14
Integrating UAV remote sensing and semi-supervised learning for early-stage maize seedling monitoring and geolocation	14
Informed-Learning-Guided Visual Question Answering Model of Crop Disease	14
TM-WSNet: A precise segmentation method for individual rubber trees based on UAV LiDAR point cloud	14
UAV-Assisted Dynamic Monitoring of Wheat Uniformity toward Yield and Biomass Estimation	14
The blessing of Depth Anything: An almost unsupervised approach to crop segmentation with depth-informed pseudo labeling	13
Automatic 3D Plant Organ Instance Segmentation Method Based on PointNeXt and Quickshift++	13
Quantification of the Cumulative Shading Capacity in a Maize–Soybean Intercropping System Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle	12
Integrating 3D Canopy Reconstruction to Assess Photosynthetic and Carbon Sequestration Responses of Larch Plantations to Drought Stress	12
Semi-supervised Counting of Grape Berries in the Field Based on Density Mutual Exclusion	12
Three-Dimensional Leaf Edge Reconstruction Combining Two- and Three-Dimensional Approaches	12
Volumetric Deep Learning-Based Precision Phenotyping of Gene-Edited Tomato for Vertical Farming	12
Point Cloud Completion of Plant Leaves under Occlusion Conditions Based on Deep Learning	12
Panoptic segmentation for complete labeling of fruit microstructure in 3D micro-CT images with deep learning	12
Benchmarking Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning Methods for Image-Based Plant Phenotyping	12
Combinatorial Maps, a New Framework to Model Agroforestry Systems	12
Near-infrared spectroscopy as a high-throughput phenotyping method for fusiform rust resistance in loblolly pine	12

Root System Traits Contribute to Variability and Plasticity in Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in 2 Field-Grown Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Cultivars	11
DomAda-FruitDet: Domain-Adaptive Anchor-Free Fruit Detection Model for Auto Labeling	11
CSNet: A Count-Supervised Network via Multiscale MLP-Mixer for Wheat Ear Counting	11
Potential of Establishing the Universal Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve for Japonica Rice	11
Efficient Noninvasive FHB Estimation using RGB Images from a Novel Multiyear, Multirater Dataset	11
A Precise Image-Based Tomato Leaf Disease Detection Approach Using PLPNet	11
WITHDRAWN: Targeted integrating hyperspectral and metabolomic data with spectral indices and metabolite content models for efficient salt-tolerant phenotype discrimination in Medicago truncatula	11
Practical Considerations and Limitations of Using Leaf and Canopy Temperature Measurements as a Stomatal Conductance Proxy: Sensitivity across Environmental Conditions, Scale, and Sample Size	10
Making the Genotypic Variation Visible: Hyperspectral Phenotyping in Scots Pine Seedlings	10
Corrigendum to “Automatic Fruit Morphology Phenome and Genetic Analysis: An Application in the Octoploid Strawberry”	10
Estimating Compositions and Nutritional Values of Seed Mixes Based on Vision Transformers	9
The Global Wheat Full Semantic Organ Segmentation (GWFSS) Dataset	9
An Effective Image-Based Tomato Leaf Disease Segmentation Method Using MC-UNet	9
AAUConvNeXt: Enhancing Crop Lodging Segmentation with Optimized Deep Learning Architectures	9
Bridging Time-series Image Phenotyping and Functional–Structural Plant Modeling to Predict Adventitious Root System Architecture	9
Counting Canola: Toward Generalizable Aerial Plant Detection Models	9
Classification of Plant Endogenous States Using Machine Learning-Derived Agricultural Indices	9
Automatic Root Length Estimation from Images Acquired In Situ without Segmentation	9
Seeing the unseen: A novel approach to extract latent plant root traits from digital images	9
Crop/Plant Modeling Supports Plant Breeding: II. Guidance of Functional Plant Phenotyping for Trait Discovery	9
A Tea Buds Counting Method Based on YOLOv5 and Kalman Filter Tracking Algorithm	9
Standardizing and Centralizing Datasets for Efficient Training of Agricultural Deep Learning Models	9
Concise Cascade Methods for Transgenic Rice Seed Discrimination using Spectral Phenotyping	8
PSegNet: Simultaneous Semantic and Instance Segmentation for Point Clouds of Plants	8
Combining UAV multisensor field phenotyping and genome-wide association studies to reveal the genetic basis of plant height in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	8
Panicle-Cloud: An Open and AI-Powered Cloud Computing Platform for Quantifying Rice Panicles from Drone-Collected Imagery to Enable the Classification of Yield Production in Rice	8
DC2Net: An Asian Soybean Rust Detection Model Based on Hyperspectral Imaging and Deep Learning	8
Determination of optimal sampling time of grape embryo rescue based on near infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning	8
StripeRust-Pocket: A Mobile-Based Deep Learning Application for Efficient Disease Severity Assessment of Wheat Stripe Rust	8
Handling the Challenges of Small-Scale Labeled Data and Class Imbalances in Classifying the N and K Statuses of Rubber Leaves Using Hyperspectroscopy Techniques	8
An unsupervised semantic segmentation network for wood–leaf separation in 3D point clouds	8
Unsupervised Plot-Scale LAI Phenotyping via UAV-Based Imaging, Modelling, and Machine Learning	8
High-Throughput Spike Detection in Greenhouse Cultivated Grain Crops with Attention Mechanisms-Based Deep Learning Models	8
Dynamic Color Transform Networks for Wheat Head Detection	8
Multi-Source Data Fusion Improves Time-Series Phenotype Accuracy in Maize under a Field High-Throughput Phenotyping Platform	8
DEKR-SPrior: An Efficient Bottom-Up Keypoint Detection Model for Accurate Pod Phenotyping in Soybean	8
Combining High-Resolution Imaging, Deep Learning, and Dynamic Modeling to Separate Disease and Senescence in Wheat Canopies	8
To What Extent Does Yellow Rust Infestation Affect Remotely Sensed Nitrogen Status?	8
Prediction of Needle Physiological Traits Using UAV Imagery for Breeding Selection of Slash Pine	7
Global Wheat Head Detection Challenges: Winning Models and Application for Head Counting	7
Bio-Master: Design and Validation of a High-Throughput Biochemical Profiling Platform for Crop Canopies	7
Phenotyping of Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots Reveals Associations between Root Traits and Bioactive Components	7
FCOS-LSC: A Novel Model for Green Fruit Detection in a Complex Orchard Environment	7
XFruitSeg—A general plant fruit segmentation model based on CT imaging	7
SDC-DeepLabv3+: Lightweight and Precise Localization Algorithm for Safflower-Harvesting Robots	7
Multi-Scale Attention Network for Vertical Seed Distribution in Soybean Breeding Fields	7
A Field-to-Parameter Pipeline for Analyzing and Simulating Root System Architecture of Woody Perennials: Application to Grapevine Rootstocks	7
Erratum to “Phenotypic Analysis of Diseased Plant Leaves Using Supervised and Weakly Supervised Deep Learning”	7
Affordable Phenotyping at the Edge for High-Throughput Detection of Hypersensitive Reaction Involving Cotyledon Loss	6
Channel Attention GAN-Based Synthetic Weed Generation for Precise Weed Identification	6
High-Resolution Disease Phenotyping Reveals Distinct Resistance Mechanisms of Tomato Crop Wild Relatives against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	6
Knowledge Distillation Facilitates the Lightweight and Efficient Plant Diseases Detection Model	6
A High-Throughput Method for Accurate Extraction of Intact Rice Panicle Traits	6
Advancements in Imaging Sensors and AI for Plant Stress Detection: A Systematic Literature Review	6
One to All: Toward a Unified Model for Counting Cereal Crop Heads Based on Few-Shot Learning	6
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Maize Canopies Based on Computational Intelligence	6
Quantification of Photosynthetic Pigments in Neopyropia yezoensis Using Hyperspectral Imagery	6
Few-Shot Learning Enables Population-Scale Analysis of Leaf Traits in Populus trichocarpa	6
ExtSpecR: An R Package and Tool for Extracting Tree Spectra from UAV-Based Remote Sensing	6
Objective Phenotyping of Root System Architecture Using Image Augmentation and Machine Learning in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)	6
Pleiotropy Structures Plant Height and Seed Weight Scaling in Barley despite Long History of Domestication and Breeding Selection	6
Using UAV-Based Temporal Spectral Indices to Dissect Changes in the Stay-Green Trait in Wheat	6
Self-adaptive individual tree modeling based on skeleton graph optimization and fractal self-similarity	6
Rapid diagnosis of herbicidal activity and mode of action using spectral image analysis and machine learning	6
Diversifying Resistance Mechanisms in Cereal Crops Using Microphenomics	5
Local and Global Feature-Aware Dual-Branch Networks for Plant Disease Recognition	5
Interaction of Genotype, Environment, and Management on Organ-Specific Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve in Wheat	5
A Strategy for the Acquisition and Analysis of Image-Based Phenome in Rice during the Whole Growth Period	5
CucumberAI: Cucumber Fruit Morphology Identification System Based on Artificial Intelligence	5
ChatLeafDisease: a chain-of-thought prompting approach for crop disease classification using large language models	5
Genetic resolution of multi-level plant height in common wheat using the 3D canopy model from ultra-low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle imagery	5
End-to-End Fusion of Hyperspectral and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging to Identify Rice Stresses	5
Winter wheat yield prediction using UAV-based multivariate time series data and variate-independent tokenization	5
Analyzing Changes in Maize Leaves Orientation due to GxExM Using an Automatic Method from RGB Images	5
Toward Real Scenery: A Lightweight Tomato Growth Inspection Algorithm for Leaf Disease Detection and Fruit Counting	5
Phenotyping Key Fruit Quality Traits in Olive Using RGB Images and Back Propagation Neural Networks	5
Application of an Improved 2-Dimensional High-Throughput Soybean Root Phenotyping Platform to Identify Novel Genetic Variants Regulating Root Architecture Traits	5
Awn Image Analysis and Phenotyping Using BarbNet	5
Bayesian adaptive sampling: A smart approach for affordable germination phenotyping	5